CN103422274A - Composite crystal change modification method of cotton fiber - Google Patents
Composite crystal change modification method of cotton fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN103422274A CN103422274A CN2013103194432A CN201310319443A CN103422274A CN 103422274 A CN103422274 A CN 103422274A CN 2013103194432 A CN2013103194432 A CN 2013103194432A CN 201310319443 A CN201310319443 A CN 201310319443A CN 103422274 A CN103422274 A CN 103422274A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite crystal change modification method of cotton fiber. According to the method, the cotton fiber is placed in a closed container, a modification medium is added, pressure is raised to modification pressure, then, the pressure is released instantly, the combined effect of vacuumization, high-speed centrifugal rotation and drafting and microwave is used for removing the modified medium, and therefore composite crystal change and modified cotton fiber can be obtained. According to the crystal change and modified cotton fiber, pores are increased, degree of crystallinity is reduced, the fiber is soft, and size stability, flexibility, dyeing performance and the like of products are improved; the method of pressure instant release is adopted, and the fluffiness and flexibility of the fiber are improved greatly; the combined effect of vacuumization, high-speed centrifugal rotation and drafting and microwave is adopted, therefore, fiber quality is further improved, and modification efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of cotton fiber, a kind of by the modification medium being boosted to modifier pressure, pressurize a period of time, abrupt release pressure then, then adopt vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotation drawing-off and microwave combined effect remove the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of cotton fiber of modification medium.
Background technology
The cotton fiber elongated flexible, good hygroscopicity, anti-highly basic, organic solvent-resistant, bleach tolerant and heat insulation heat-resisting, be the most large natural fabric.But its elasticity and elasticity are restorative poor, easily mouldy, inflammable, dyeing energy consumption and pollution are all larger, and dye-uptake and COLOR FASTNESS are not high yet.
In order to change above-mentioned present situation, existing a variety of method of modifying, as physical modification method, chemical modification method and biological modified method.It is processing modified etc. that physical modification method mainly comprises that discharge technology modification, high steam dodge quick-fried modification, ultrasonic cavitation and microwave irradiation modification, liquefied ammonia.Chemical modification method mainly comprises cellulose esters modification, cellulose ethers modification, graft modification with cellulose and cellulose crosslinked modification etc.Biological modified method mainly utilize biology enzyme to fiber come unstuck, the processing such as polishing.
The method of modifying that has formed now industrialization production both at home and abroad mainly contains the processing modified and alkali mercerized modification of liquefied ammonia.Liquid ammonia modified and alkali mercerized processing has similar effect, as characteristics such as natural crimp disappear, cross section becomes circle, inner chamber diminishes, but the residual alkali lye of alkali mercerized modification is difficult for removing and also can cause fiber to melt erosion and inhomogeneities, and topmost difference is that liquid ammonia modified effect is better than alkali mercerized modification.The domestic liquefied ammonia that utilizes is as the modification medium, in the recycled fiber of boost-pressurize of routine in closed container-again, the method for modification medium has certain effect to cotton fiber, but the method is modification for once, swelling not thoroughly, degree of crystallinity reduce not obvious, dyeability do not have be improved significantly.
Summary of the invention
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cotton fiber, a kind of by the modification medium is pressurized to modifier pressure, and after pressurize a period of time, abrupt release pressure, then employing vacuumizes, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of the cotton fiber of microwave combined effect removal modification medium.
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber of the present invention, that cotton fiber is placed in to closed container, be filled with the modification medium, boost to modifier pressure, then abrupt release pressure, employing vacuumizes again, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combined effect removal modification medium, obtains the compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes.Its principle is: cotton fiber is placed in to closed container, movable sealing under the under high pressure movable sealing of this closed container and negative pressure, and zero leakage.By pressure balance topping up and non-equilibrium speed governing topping up, can regulate the flow, time and the temperature that are filled with modification medium in closed container, thereby the rate of change of pressure, two-phase interface and the above-mentioned parameter of regulation and control modification, and then the technological parameters such as permeability, infiltration rate and evaporation rate of regulation and control liquid medium; Regulate the dwell time of modifier pressure simultaneously; Above-mentioned technique can make the diffusion coefficient of modification medium improve, the modification medium is penetrated in fibr tissue preferably, hydrogen bond network between the reconstruct cellulosic molecule, changed the microstructure of fiber, aggravation cellulose macromolecule sub-chain motion, make between cellulosic molecule to occur swelling action, and hole increases, degree of crystallinity reduces, and has realized the once regulation and control of fibrous crystal lattice structure.Again by the high speed overflow, a large amount of liquid modified media in the abrupt release closed container, produce huge pressure reduction in fibr tissue inside and outside moment, form high speed quick-fried swollen, the diffusion coefficient of modification medium significantly improved, Perfect Reconstruction the hydrogen bond network between cellulosic molecule, between cellulosic molecule, swelling action is more thorough, hole increases obviously, and degree of crystallinity significantly reduces, and has realized the secondary regulation and control of fibrous crystal lattice structure.Finally adopt again vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotation drawing-off, microwave combined effect, promoted mercerization effect, degree of crystallinity also decreases, realized the regulation and control for the third time of fibrous crystal lattice structure and removed the modification medium in cotton fiber simultaneously, significantly improve modification efficiency, completed the described compound brilliant modification that becomes.For the fiber of different-stiffness, different constituents, regulate the relevant parameter of three regulation and control of fibrous crystal lattice structure, can realize the described compound brilliant modification that becomes.Compoundly brilliant become after modification cotton fiber to have softness good, wrinkle resistant nonshrink, durable fluffy, significantly improved the spinning of fiber, knit, the metachromia energy, become remarkable natural fabric and newly spin material.
As preferred technical scheme:
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber as above, the length of described cotton fiber is 10～90mm, fineness is 0.05～0.4tex.
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber as above, three regulation and control by the fibrous crystal lattice structure, make between cellulosic molecule swelling action more thorough, hole obviously increases, degree of crystallinity obviously reduces, and dye-uptake improves, and COLOR FASTNESS improves, the mercerising degree improves, and finally adopts high speed centrifugation rotation de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize the modification medium that parallel method of evaporating removes in cotton fiber to have completed the described compound brilliant modification that becomes.Adopt the described compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes, can make the compound brilliant microcosmic lattice that becomes modified cotton fiber compare with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, hole increases 10%～15%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 11%～15%; The described compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes is compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 18%～25%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 15%～20%, and modification efficiency improves 10%～15%.
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber as above, the modification medium is liquefied ammonia; The modification medium need possess following 3 features: 1) have good diffusivity; 2) form a large amount of hydrogen bonds between energy and cellulose, the hydrogen bond network between the reconstruct cellulosic molecule, improve cellulosic swelling behavior; 3) be easy to the phase transformation regulation and control, be convenient to the evaporation of modification medium and reclaim.And liquefied ammonia has, molecular weight is little, viscosity is little, surface tension is little, be easy to the special physical propertys such as phase transformation, and these special natures make liquefied ammonia meet above-mentioned three features.
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber as above, the modifier pressure abrupt release, it is poor that moment produces high pressure, can significantly improve the diffusion coefficient of modification medium, makes cotton fiber produce abundant swelling, is the compound brilliant critical process process that becomes modification.To different cotton fibers, the modifier pressure difference of requirement, the speed difference of earth pressure release, the pressure differential difference that moment produces, under the prerequisite that does not improve modifier pressure, obtain high as far as possible release pressure poor, should make modifier pressure drop to negative pressure.To cotton fiber, modifier pressure need to be more than or equal to 0.5MPa, can reach 1.2MPa.Therefore described modifier pressure should be 0.5～1.2MPa.
Poor for obtaining high as far as possible release pressure, should make modifier pressure drop to negative pressure, so the abrupt release of modifier pressure, require modifier pressure moment drop to modifier pressure 1% and below.
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber as above, for the standard technological standards, described pressure refers to absolute pressure.
The crystalline substance of a kind of cotton fiber as above becomes method of modifying, obtain good swelling effect, 1% the time that requires pressure to drop to modifier pressure from modifier pressure is less than or equal to 5.0 seconds and gets final product, at 3 seconds～5 seconds, be advisable, therefore the moment of described release pressure is 3 seconds～5 seconds, and the rate of pressure reduction of corresponding described release pressure is 0.1MPa/s～0.5MPa/s.
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber as above, for obtaining good diffusivity and the best modified effect of modification medium, and the modifying process energy consumes minimum, the flow, time and the temperature that need ammoniacal liquor in regulation and control topping up process, reach the purpose of regulation and control pressure, and then regulation and control medium permeability, infiltration rate, evaporation rate, evaporation rate and phase transition process.And the process of boosting is one of most important influence factor, need adopt the different processes of boosting to different fibers, a large number of experiments show that: cotton fiber content of cellulose accounting is more than 90%, structure of fibrous tissue is even, be applicable to using the constant speed boosting mode, the constant speed rate of pressure rise of cotton fiber is advisable about 0.1～0.5MPa/min.
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber as above, in modifying process, the rear pressurize a period of time of boosting is for the modification medium being penetrated in structure of fibrous tissue more fully, better completing the hydrogen bond network reconstruct between cellulosic molecule.This process is all necessary to the compound brilliant change modification of all fibres.To cotton fiber, the rear pressurize 1min that boosts is above to be got final product, and the dwell time is advisable at 1～10min, and therefore the described rear dwell time of boosting is 1～10min.
The compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber as above is removed the modification medium in the regulation and control of lattice for the third time of cotton fiber.
Lattice for the third time as above is regulated to and vacuumizes, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combined effect concurrent running or alternate run.Be evacuated to negative pressure and following; High speed centrifugation rotary speed to 100～150rpm, rotational time can reach 10min, radially drawing-off to 1～2mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is between 1kW～20kW.In the time of the regulation and control of described lattice for the third time, remove the modification medium for vacuumizing, the high speed centrifugation rotation takes off liquid, heating using microwave concurrent running or alternate run.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention adopts the advantage of above technical scheme as follows:
1. the present invention reaches the modification purpose by changing crystal structure.Fiber after modification overcomes its native defect, and hole increases, degree of crystallinity reduces, fiber softening, has improved DIMENSIONAL STABILITY, flexibility, level-dyeing property and the dyeability etc. of product.
2. the present invention adopts the method for abrupt release pressure, makes the maximum swelling of fiber after modification dodge quick-fried, and softness is good, wrinkle resistant nonshrink, durable fluffy, has significantly improved the spinning of fiber, knits, the metachromia energy, becomes the remarkable material that newly spins.
3. provide a kind of anhydrous, almost without dielectric loss, pollution-free, zero-emission, energy-conservation, efficient cotton fiber modification method.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only are not used in and limit the scope of the invention for the present invention is described.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally.
Embodiment 1
A kind of compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of cotton fiber, by length, be that the cotton fiber that 10mm, fineness are 0.05tex is placed in closed container, be filled with liquefied ammonia, rate of pressure rise constant speed by 0.1MPa/min boosts to modifier pressure 0.5Mpa, pressurize 1min, then in 5 seconds with the rate of pressure reduction abrupt release of 0.1MPa/s to 0.005Mpa, finally adopt high speed centrifugation rotation de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize parallel method of evaporating and remove the modification medium in material, obtain the compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes.Wherein the high speed centrifugation rotary speed is to 100rpm, and rotational time can reach 10min, and radially drawing-off is to 1mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is 1kW; Be evacuated to negative pressure and following.The described compound brilliant microcosmic lattice that becomes modified cotton fiber is compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 10%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 11%; The described compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes is compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 18%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 15%, and modification efficiency improves 10%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of cotton fiber, by length, be that the cotton fiber that 18mm, fineness are 0.18tex is placed in closed container, be filled with liquefied ammonia, rate of pressure rise constant speed by 0.2MPa/min boosts to modifier pressure 0.8Mpa, pressurize 5min, then in 5 seconds with the rate of pressure reduction abrupt release of 0.2MPa/s to 0.008Mpa, finally adopt high speed centrifugation rotation de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize parallel method of evaporating and remove the modification medium in material, obtain the compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes.Wherein the high speed centrifugation rotary speed is to 120rpm, and rotational time can reach 10min, and radially drawing-off is to 1.5mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is 5kW; Be evacuated to negative pressure and following.The described compound brilliant microcosmic lattice that becomes modified cotton fiber is compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 12%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 13%; The described compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes is compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 20%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 16%, and modification efficiency improves 12%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of cotton fiber, by length, be that the cotton fiber that 50mm, fineness are 0.22tex is placed in closed container, be filled with liquefied ammonia, rate of pressure rise constant speed by 0.2MPa/min boosts to modifier pressure 1Mpa, pressurize 8min, then in 3 seconds with the rate of pressure reduction abrupt release of 0.5MPa/s to 0.001Mpa, finally adopt high speed centrifugation rotation de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize parallel method of evaporating and remove the modification medium in material, obtain the compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes.Wherein the high speed centrifugation rotary speed is to 140rpm, and rotational time can reach 10min, and radially drawing-off is to 2mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is 15kW; Be evacuated to negative pressure and following.The described compound brilliant microcosmic lattice that becomes modified cotton fiber is compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 12%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 11%; The described compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes is compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 14%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 20%, and modification efficiency improves 15%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of cotton fiber, by length, be that the cotton fiber that 90mm, fineness are 0.4tex is placed in closed container, be filled with liquefied ammonia, rate of pressure rise constant speed by 0.5MPa/min boosts to modifier pressure 1.2Mpa, pressurize 10min, then in 3 seconds with the rate of pressure reduction abrupt release of 0.5MPa/s to 0.0012Mpa, finally adopt high speed centrifugation rotation de-liquid, heating using microwave and vacuumize parallel method of evaporating and remove the modification medium in material, obtain the compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes.Wherein the high speed centrifugation rotary speed is to 150rpm, and rotational time can reach 10min, and radially drawing-off is to 2mm; In heating using microwave, single modification still power is 20kW; Be evacuated to negative pressure and following.The described compound brilliant microcosmic lattice that becomes modified cotton fiber is compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 15%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 15%; The described compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes is compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 25%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 20%, and modification efficiency improves 15%.
Claims (10)
1. the compound crystalline substance of a cotton fiber becomes method of modifying, it is characterized in that: cotton fiber is placed in to closed container, be filled with the modification medium, boost to modifier pressure, then abrupt release pressure, employing vacuumizes again, high speed centrifugation rotates drawing-off and microwave combined effect removal modification medium, obtains the compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes.
2. the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the length of described cotton fiber is 10～90mm, and fineness is 0.05～0.4tex.
3. the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described compound brilliant microcosmic lattice that becomes modified cotton fiber is compared with the microcosmic lattice of described cotton fiber, and hole increases 10%～15%, and degree of crystallinity reduces 11%～15%; The described compound brilliant modified cotton fiber that becomes is compared with described cotton fiber, and dye-uptake improves 18%～25%, and COLOR FASTNESS improves 15%～20%, and modification efficiency improves 10%～15%.
4. the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described modification medium is liquefied ammonia.
5. the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described modifier pressure is 0.5～1.2MPa, described abrupt release pressure refer to pressure moment drop to described modifier pressure 1% and below.
6. the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described pressure is absolute pressure.
7. a kind of compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of cotton fiber according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that, described moment refers to 3 seconds～and 5.0 seconds, the rate of pressure reduction of described release pressure is 0.1MPa/s～0.5MPa/s.
8. the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described boosting boosted for constant speed, and rate of pressure rise is 0.1MPa/min～0.5MPa/min.
9. the compound brilliant method of modifying that becomes of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, rear maintenance 1min～10min boosts.
10. the compound crystalline substance of a kind of cotton fiber according to claim 1 becomes method of modifying, it is characterized in that, describedly vacuumize, high speed centrifugation rotation drawing-off and microwave combined acting as: vacuumize until negative pressure and following, high speed centrifugation rotary speed to 100～150rpm, radially drawing-off to 1～2mm, microwave, vacuumize and high speed centrifugation rotation drawing-off synergy, concurrent running or alternate run, remove the modification medium in cotton fiber.
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| CN201310319443.2A CN103422274B (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2013-07-26 | A kind of compound crystal variation modification method of cotton fiber |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101413213A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-22 | 上海业安纺织科技有限责任公司 | Liquid ammonia modified method of cotton fibriia and yarn |
| CN102839508A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-26 | 东华大学 | High-grade flax fabric weaving method based on crystallized and modified flax yarns |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101413213A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-22 | 上海业安纺织科技有限责任公司 | Liquid ammonia modified method of cotton fibriia and yarn |
| CN102839508A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-12-26 | 东华大学 | High-grade flax fabric weaving method based on crystallized and modified flax yarns |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 邵自强等: "棉纤维蒸汽闪爆改性及其化学反应性能", 《火炸药学报》 * |
| 郑慧峰等: "棉麻纤维液氨改性成套设备控制系统设计", 《东华大学学报(自然科学版)》 * |
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