CN103415602B - 含有聚醚的发动机润滑剂 - Google Patents
含有聚醚的发动机润滑剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103415602B CN103415602B CN201280012264.8A CN201280012264A CN103415602B CN 103415602 B CN103415602 B CN 103415602B CN 201280012264 A CN201280012264 A CN 201280012264A CN 103415602 B CN103415602 B CN 103415602B
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- lubricant
- weight
- polyethers
- alkyl
- oil
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 hydroxyl hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- JYUXOLTYMOTEFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical class [Ca].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O JYUXOLTYMOTEFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 2
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 34
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 16
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 13
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- NGFMICBWJRZIBI-UJPOAAIJSA-N salicin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=CC=C1CO NGFMICBWJRZIBI-UJPOAAIJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NGFMICBWJRZIBI-JZRPKSSGSA-N Salicin Natural products O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)c1c(CO)cccc1 NGFMICBWJRZIBI-JZRPKSSGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NGFMICBWJRZIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-salicin Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1=CC=CC=C1CO NGFMICBWJRZIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000263 2,3-dihydroxypropyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-GDCKJWNLSA-N 3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-GDCKJWNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 0 Cc1cc(*)cc(C)c1O Chemical compound Cc1cc(*)cc(C)c1O 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种油箱润滑的火花点火发动机通过向其中供入包含(a)具有润滑粘度的油；(b)聚醚；和(c)含金属清净剂的润滑剂而润滑。该润滑剂具有小于0.075重量%的总磷含量。
Description
发明背景
所公开的技术涉及用于油箱润滑内燃机的润滑剂。
想要提供用于内燃机的润滑剂，所述润滑剂具有降低的磷含量或降低的金属含量，如通过硫酸盐灰测量(ASTM D874)。该想法通过这一事实极大地推动：尽管这类材料可能在润滑剂中非常有用，它们以类似方式进入排气流中。排气中的磷和金属又被认为干扰污染控制装置如排气催化剂系统或颗粒过滤器。
具有如通过硫酸盐灰测量相当高的贡献磷或金属的添加剂含量的常规润滑剂通常可显示出良好的润滑剂性能。然而，含有较低磷(例如<0.06%)和硫酸盐灰(例如<0.80%)含量的目前或未来润滑剂可能更难以配制以提供适当的性能。
各类聚醚用于多种润滑剂和燃料配制剂中。例如美国专利5,652,204，Cracknells等人，1977年7月29日，公开了用于汽车发动机的含有某些封端聚醚的润滑油组合物。聚醚可包含0.1-99%，最优选5-25重量%的组合物。
美国专利5,696,675，Botz，2003年7月22日，公开了包含主要润滑组分如聚醚或聚醚酯的金属加工润滑剂。主要润滑组分可包含约0.05至约5重量%的物质的液体组合物。物质的液体组合物可包含稀释剂，所述稀释剂可包含水。
美国专利6,136,052，Daly，2000年10月24日，公开了包含聚醚醇的燃料添加剂。汽油的某些配制剂含有50-300ppm聚醚流化剂。
美国公开2009/0156446，McAtee，2009年7月18日，公开了特别用于内燃机的润滑组合物，所述润滑组合物包含抗磨剂，所述抗磨剂可包含具有氧化烯基团的单体单元多元醇。
PCT公开WO 2010/048137，1020年4月29日，公开了通过润滑剂中包含聚氧化烯而降低用某些润滑配制剂润滑的油箱润滑柴油机中的高水含量淤浆。
我们现在发现某些组分，特别是聚醚(例如聚醚流化剂)在用于常规润滑剂中时，通常对润滑剂稳定性具有很少或不具有影响，或者具有负面影响，但在用于低磷和任选低灰配制剂中时具有有利影响。
发明概述
所公开的技术提供一种润滑油箱润滑的火花点火发动机的方法，所述方法包括向所述发动机中供入润滑剂，所述润滑剂包含：(a)具有润滑粘度的油；(b)聚醚；和(c)含金属清净剂；所述润滑剂具有小于0.075重量%的总磷含量。
所公开的技术进一步提供一种润滑剂，所述润滑剂包含：(a)具有润滑粘度的油；(b)0.1-5重量%聚醚；和(c)含金属清净剂；所述润滑剂具有小于0.075或小于0.06重量%的总磷含量。
发明详述
下面通过非限定性阐述描述各个优选的特征和实施方案。
除非另有说明，所述各个化学组分的量表示为排除了通常可存在于商业材料中的任何溶剂或稀释油，即基于活性化学品。然而，除非另有说明，本文提及的各个化学品或组合物应当理解为可含有异构体、副产物、衍生物和通常应当理解存在于商品级中的其它这类材料的商品级材料。
本技术的一个元素为具有润滑粘度的油。这类油包括天然和合成油，衍生自加氢裂化、氢化和加氢精制的油，未精炼、精炼、再精炼油或其混合物。未精炼、精炼或再精炼油的更详细描述提供于国际公开WO2008/147704，第[0054]-[0056]中。天然和合成润滑油的更详细描述分别提供于WO2008/147704的第[0058]-[0059]段中。合成油还可通过费托反应产生，通常可以为加氢异构化费托烃或蜡。在一个实施方案中，油可通过费托天然气合成油合成程序制备以及其它天然气合成油。
具有润滑粘度的油还可选自如American Petroleum Institute(API)Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines所述组I-V中的任何基油。五组基油如下：组I：>0.03%硫和/或<90%饱和物和粘度指数80-120；组II：≤0.03%S和≥90%饱和物和VI80-120；组III：≤0.03%S和≥90%饱和物和VI>120；组IV：所有聚α烯烃(PAO)；组V：所有其它基油。组I、II和III为矿物油基本油料。
存在的具有润滑粘度的油的量通常为从100重量%中减去本发明化合物和其它性能添加剂的量之和后的余量。
润滑组合物可以为浓缩物和/或完全配制润滑剂的形式。如果本发明润滑组合物(包含上文所公开的添加剂)为浓缩物的形式(其可以与其它油结合以完全或部分地形成最终润滑剂)，则这些添加剂与具有润滑粘度的油和/或与稀释油之比包括1:99-99:1重量计，或80:20-10:90重量计的范围。
存在于本技术的润滑剂中的聚醚流化剂组分包括聚醚、聚醚胺或其混合物。本发明的聚醚可由式RO[CH2CH(R1)O]xH表示，其中R为烃基；R1选自氢、具有1-14个碳原子的烷基或其混合物；且x为2-50的数。烃基R为单价烃基，具有一个或多个碳原子，且包括具有7-30个总碳原子，例如9-25个总碳原子，或11-20个总碳原子的烷基和烷基苯基。重复氧化烯单元可衍生自氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯或氧化丁烯。氧化烯单元x的数目可以为10-35，或18-27。本发明聚醚可通过各自熟知的方法制备，包括使1摩尔醇或烷基苯酚与2或更多摩尔的氧化烯、氧化烯的混合物，或者与几种氧化烯通常在碱催化剂的存在下以顺序方式缩合。美国专利5,094,667提供了制备聚醚的反应条件。合适的聚醚由Dow Chemicals，Huntsman，ICI市购，包括来自Bayer的系列。
在某些实施方案中，本技术的聚醚胺可由式R[OCH2CH(R1)]nA表示，其中R为如以上关于聚醚所述的烃基；R1选自氢、具有1-14个碳原子的烷基及其混合物；n为2-50的数；且A选自–OCH2CH2CH2NR2R2和–NR3R3，其中各个R2独立地为氢或具有一个或多个碳原子的烃基，且各个R3独立地为氢、具有一个或多个碳原子的烃基，或者–[R4N(R5)]pR6，其中R4为C2-C10亚烷基，R5和R6独立地为氢或具有一个或多个碳原子的烃基，且p为1-7的数。聚醚胺可衍生自氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯或氧化丁烯。聚醚胺中氧化烯单元的数目n可以为10-35，或18-27。本技术的聚醚胺可通过各种熟知的方法制备。如上所述衍生自醇或烷基苯酚的聚醚可与氨、胺或多胺在还原胺化中缩合以形成聚醚胺，如欧洲公开No.EP 310875所述。作为选择，聚醚可与丙烯腈缩合，并将腈中间体氢化以形成聚醚胺，如美国专利5,094,667所述。合适的聚醚胺包括其中A为-OCH2CH2CH2NH2的那些。聚醚胺以系列由Chevron以及以系列由Huntsman市购。
除非另有说明，在一个实施方案中，聚醚可由式R1–(–O–R2–)n–OR3表示，其中R1为具有10-24(或12-15)个碳原子的烃基，各个R2独立地为具有2-6(或3-4)个碳原子的亚烷基，n为10-30(或18-26)，且R3为H或烷基或–CH2CH2NH2或–CH2CH2CH2NH2或-CH2CHRNH2，其中R为烷基(尤其是甲基或乙基)，例如-CH2CH(CH3)NH2，或者其中R1和R3一起可表示亚烷基以形成环醚。合适的聚醚，其也可描述为聚醚流化剂，可包含一个(即衍生自)含羟基烃的单元与2个或更多(即衍生自)氧化烯的单元的反应产物，其中含羟基烃含有1-50个碳原子，且氧化烯的亚烷基含有2-6个碳原子，其中反应产物任选进一步与丙烯腈反应并氢化以提供末端氨基。
本技术的聚醚或聚醚胺可具有300或350-5000，在另一情况下400-3500，在另一情况下450-2500和1000-2000的数均分子量。
聚醚(或聚醚流化剂)可以以0.01或0.05或0.1或0.3或0.5-5重量%，或0.8-4%或1-3%或0.1-3%或1.5-2.5重量%，例如约2重量%的量存在于润滑剂中。
在一个实施方案中，聚醚在将它供入发动机中时包含在润滑剂中，即它可以为未使用或原始润滑剂的组分之一。然而，作为选择，可将一些或所有聚醚由燃料如汽油或汽油/醇燃料混合物引入润滑剂中。聚醚可例如作为润滑性添加剂用于燃料中，且这类添加剂可使得它在发动机的正常操作过程中引入润滑剂中。例如，少量燃料和燃料添加剂可通过各种机制进入润滑剂中(例如“漏气”)，并可将相对挥发性燃料组分蒸发，留下较不挥发的物种如聚醚。认为当通过每种路线，即通过有意的预先包含或通过从燃料中引入而并入润滑剂中时，得到本发明的优点。
关于燃料，可使用多种燃料中的任一种。燃料通常在环境条件如室温(20-30℃)下为液体。燃料可以为烃燃料、非烃燃料或其混合物。烃燃料可以为石油馏分，包括如通过ASTM规格D4814定义的汽油或如通过ASTM规格D975定义的柴油燃料。在一个实施方案中，燃料为汽油，在其它实施方案中，燃料为加铅汽油或无铅汽油。在另一实施方案中，燃料为柴油燃料。烃燃料可以为通过天然气合成油方法制备的烃，包括例如通过方法如费托法制备的烃。非烃燃料可以为含氧组合物，通常称为氧合物，其可包括醇、醚、酮、羧酸酯、硝基链烷烃或其混合物。非烃燃料可包括例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、甲基叔丁基醚、甲基乙基酮。酯交换油和/或来自植物和动物的脂肪，例如菜子油甲酯和大豆油甲酯，和硝基甲烷。在一些实施方案中，燃料可具有基于重量为15重量%，或25重量%，或50重量%，或65重量%，或85重量%，或90重量%的氧合物含量。烃和非烃燃料的混合物可包括例如汽油和甲醇和/或乙醇、柴油燃料和乙醇，以及柴油燃料和酯交换植物油如菜子油甲酯，称为E85或M85的燃料，和称为AlCoolTM的燃料。在一个实施方案中，烃和非烃燃料的混合物可通过ASTM D-5798-99定义。在一个实施方案中，燃料包含比为10:90-90:10，或15:85-90:10，或25:75-90:10的乙醇与汽油的混合物。在一个实施方案中，燃料可以为水在烃燃料、非烃燃料或其混合物中的乳液。在一些实施方案中，燃料可具有基于重量为5000ppm或更少、1000ppm或更少、300ppm或更少、200ppm或更少、30ppm或更少，或者10ppm或更少的硫含量。在另一实施方案中，燃料可具有基于重量为1-100ppm的硫含量。在一个实施方案中，燃料含有0-1000ppm，或0-500ppm，或0-100ppm，或0-50ppm，或0-25ppm，或0-10ppm，或0-5ppm的碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属或其混合物。在另一实施方案中，燃料含有1-10重量ppm的碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属或其混合物。本领域中熟知含有碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属或其混合物的燃料具有形成沉积物并因此积垢或堵塞注射器的较大倾向。燃料可以以通常大于50重量%的主要量存在于燃料组合物中，在其它实施方案中，以大于90重量%、大于95重量%、大于99.5重量%，或大于99.8重量%存在。
燃料组合物可进一步包含一种或多种其它性能添加剂。其它性能添加剂可取决于几个因素加入燃料组合物中，包括内燃机的类型和待用于该发动机中的燃料类型、燃料的质量和发动机操作的使用条件。其它性能添加剂可包括抗氧化剂，例如受阻酚或其衍生物和/或二芳胺或其衍生物，腐蚀抑制剂如链烯基琥珀酸，和/或清净剂/分散剂添加剂如聚醚胺或含氮清净剂，包括PIB胺清净剂/分散剂、季盐清净剂/分散剂、琥珀酰亚胺清净剂/分散剂和曼尼希清净剂/分散剂。其它性能添加剂还可包括冷流改进剂，例如马来酸酐与苯乙烯的酯化共聚物和/或乙烯与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物，抑泡剂如硅氧烷流体，反乳化剂如聚烷氧基化醇，润滑剂如脂肪羧酸，金属减活剂如芳族三唑或其衍生物，阀座衰退添加剂如碱金属磺基琥珀酸盐，杀生物剂，抗静电剂，除冰机，流化剂如矿物油和/或聚(α-烯烃)和/或聚醚，和燃烧改进剂如辛烷或十六烷值改进剂。
如本文所用，术语“烃基取代基”或“烃基”以其本领域技术人员熟知的常用意义使用。具体而言，它指具有直接连接在分子其余部分上的碳原子且主要具有烃性质的基团。烃基的实例包括：烃取代基，包括脂族、脂环族和芳族取代基；取代的烃取代基，即含有在本发明上下文中不改变取代基的主要烃性质的非烃基团的取代基；和杂取代基，即类似地具有主要烃性质，但在环或链中含有不同于碳的取代基。包含容许量的其它原子的术语“烃基取代基”或“烃基”的更详细定义在公开申请US 2010-0197536的第[0137]-[0141]段中找到。
在一个实施方案中，作为添加剂组分存在于润滑剂中的含金属清净剂为过碱性清净剂。作为选择，它可以为中性清净剂。过碱性材料，另外称为过碱性或超碱性盐，一般为均匀牛顿体系，其特征是金属含量超过根据金属和与金属反应的特定酸性有机化合物的化学计量存在的用于中和的量。过碱性材料通过酸性材料(通常无机酸或低级羧酸，优选二氧化碳)与包含酸性有机化合物(在这种情况下，烃基取代的水杨酸)、反应介质、化学计量过量的金属碱和促进剂如苯酚或醇和任选氨的混合物反应而制备，所述反应介质包含至少一种用于所述酸性有机材料的惰性有机溶剂(例如矿物油、石脑油、甲苯、二甲苯)。酸性有机材料通常具有足够的碳原子数，例如作为烃基取代基以提供在油中合理的溶解度。过量金属的量通常根据金属比表示。术语“金属比”为金属的总当量与酸性有机化合物的当量之比。中性金属盐具有1的金属比。具有与正盐中存在的4.5倍一样多的金属的盐具有3.5当量的金属过量，或4.5的比。
过碱性清净剂通常通过总碱值(TBN)表征。TBN为中和所有过碱性材料的碱度所需的强酸的量，表示为氢氧化钾当量(mg KOH/g试样)。由于过碱性清净剂通常以含有一定量的稀释油如40-50%油的形式提供，该清净剂的实际TBN值取决于存在的这类稀释油的量，而不管过碱性材料的“固有”碱度。就本发明而言，对于无油基，再计算过碱性清净剂的TBN。用于本发明中的清净剂通常具有100-800，在一个实施方案中150-750，在另一实施方案中400-700的TBN(无油基)。如果使用多种清净剂，则清净剂组分的总TBN(即所有具体清净剂一起的平均值)通常在以上范围内。
用于制备碱金属盐的金属化合物通常为任何1族或2族金属化合物(元素周期表的CAS版本)。金属化合物的1族金属包括1a族碱金属如钠、钾和锂，以及1b族金属如铜。1族金属可以为钠、钾、锂和铜，在一个实施方案中为钠或钾，在另一实施方案中为钠。金属碱的2族金属包括2a族碱土金属如镁、钙和钡，以及2b族金属如锌或镉。在一个实施方案中，2族金属为镁、钙、钡或锌，在另一实施方案中为镁或钙。在某些实施方案中，金属为钙或钠或钙和钠的混合物。一般而言，金属化合物作为金属盐提供。盐的阴离子部分可以为氢氧根、氧、碳酸根、硼酸根或硝酸根。
在一个实施方案中，清净剂可包含水杨酸盐清净剂，其又可以为过碱性烃基取代水杨酸钙清净剂。水杨酸盐清净剂的存在在提供润滑剂抗氧化性方面可能是有益的。在一个实施方案中，水杨酸盐清净剂基于无油，即排除稀释油的影响，具有120-800，或200-700，或300-600的总碱值。水杨酸盐清净剂是已知的；例如参见美国专利Nos.5,688,751或4,627,928。
过碱性材料是本领域技术人员熟知的。描述磺酸、羧酸、(烃基取代)苯酚、膦酸及这些中任何两种或更多种的混合物的碱性盐的制备技术的专利包括美国专利2,501,731；2,616,905；2,616,911；2,616,925；2,777,874；3,256,186；3,384,585；3,365,396；3,320,162；3,318,809；3,488,284；和3,629,109。
本技术的润滑剂中清净剂的量可以为0.05-1.5重量%，或0.1-1%或0.3-0.8%。浓缩物中的量相应地更高。在一个实施方案中，这些量可指存在的水杨酸盐清净剂的量。在其它实施方案中，这些量可以指可存在的所有含金属清净剂的总量。
代替或除水杨酸盐清净剂外，基于不同于烃基水杨酸的基质的其它清净剂可存在于润滑剂中。在一个实施方案中，润滑剂可包含过碱性磺酸盐清净剂。油溶性磺酸盐可由下式中的一个表示：R2-T-(SO3)a和R3-(SO3-)b，其中T为环状核，例如通常苯；R2为脂族基团，例如烷基、链烯基、烷氧基或烷氧基烷基；(R2)-T通常含有总计至少15个碳原子；且R3为通常含有至少15个碳原子的脂族烃基。R3的实例为烷基、链烯基、烷氧基烷基和碳烷氧基烷基。在一个实施方案中，磺酸盐清净剂可以为具有至少8的金属比的主要线性烷基苯磺酸盐清净剂，如美国专利申请2005-065045的第[0026]-[0037]段所述。线性烷基可在沿着线性烷基链的任何位置，例如在2、3或4位连接在苯或甲苯上。
可存在的另一过碱性材料为过碱性酚盐清净剂。用于制备酚盐清净剂的苯酚可由式(R1)a-Ar-(OH)b表示，其中R1为具有4-400个碳原子，或6-80或6-30或8-25或8-15个碳原子的脂族烃基；Ar为芳族基团(其可以为苯基或其它芳族基团如萘)；a和b独立地为至少1的数，a和b之和在2至Ar的一个或多个芳族核上的可取代氢的数目的范围内。在一个实施方案中，a和b独立地为1-4或1-2的数。R1和a通常使得对于各个苯酚化合物R1基团提供平均至少8个脂族碳原子。酚盐清净剂有时也作为硫桥联的物种提供。
在一个实施方案中，过碱性材料为过碱性水杨苷清净剂。过碱性水杨苷清净剂通常为基于水杨苷衍生物的过碱性镁盐。水杨苷清净剂更详细地公开于美国专利6,310,009中，特别参考它们的合成方法(第8栏和实施例1)和各X和Y物种的合适量(第6栏)。
也可存在Salixarate清净剂。Salixarate及其制备方法更详细地描述于美国专利NO.6,200,936和PCT公开WO 01/56968中。认为salixarate衍生物具有主要线性，而不是大环结构，但两种结构都意欲包含在术语“salixarate”中。
其它过碱性清净剂可包括具有曼尼希碱结构的过碱性清净剂，如美国专利6,569,818所公开的。
如果存在水杨酸盐清净剂和其它过碱性清净剂，则本发明配制剂中如果有的话，其它过碱性清净剂(即除水杨酸盐清净剂外)的量可以为0.05-1.5重量%，或0.1-1%或0.2-0.5%。可存在单一清净剂或多种其它清净剂。
其它常规组分可用于制备本技术的润滑剂，例如通常用于曲轴箱润滑剂中的那些添加剂。曲轴箱润滑剂通常可包含任何或所有下文所述以下组分。
一种这类添加剂为分散剂。分散剂是润滑剂领域中熟知的，且包括称为无灰型分散剂和聚合分散剂的。无灰型分散剂的特征是连接在相对高分子量烃链上的极性基团。典型的无灰分散剂包括含氮分散剂，例如N-取代的长链链烯基琥珀酰亚胺，也称为琥珀酰亚胺分散剂。琥珀酰亚胺分散剂更完整地描述于美国专利4,234,435，3,172,892和6,165,235以及EP0355895中。在一个实施方案中，琥珀酰亚胺分散剂通过氯基或常规路线(a)制备，如美国专利7,615,521，第3栏第20-15行和第4栏第17-60行所述。在另一实施方案中，琥珀酰亚胺以热或无氯或直接烷基化路线(b)制备，如美国专利7,615,521，第3栏第26行至第4栏第15行和第4栏第62行至第5栏第26行所述。还预期各类琥珀酰亚胺分散剂的混合物。另一类无灰分散剂为通过烃基酰化剂与多元脂族醇如甘油、季戊四醇或山梨糖醇反应而制备的高分子量酯。这类材料更详细地描述于美国专利3,381,022中。另一类无灰分散剂为曼尼希碱。这些为通过较高分子量烷基取代的苯酚、亚烷基多胺与醛如甲醛缩合而形成的材料，并更详细地描述于美国专利3,634,515中。其它分散剂包括聚合分散剂添加剂，其一般为含有极性官能以赋予聚合物分散力特征的烃基聚合物。也可将分散剂通过与多种试剂中的任一种反应而后处理。其中，这些为脲、硫脲、二巯基噻二唑、二硫化碳、醛、酮、羧酸、烃取代的琥珀酸酐、腈、环氧化物、硼化合物和磷化合物。详述该处理的参考列于美国专利4,654,403中。本发明组合物中分散剂的量可通常为1-10重量%，或1.5-9.0%，或2.0-8.0%，都基于无油表述。
另一组分为抗氧化剂，如果想要区别含金属材料与无金属(无灰)化合物的话，有时称为无灰抗氧化剂，抗氧化剂包括酚类抗氧化剂，其可包含含有2或3个叔丁基的丁基取代苯酚。对位也可被烃基或桥联两个芳环的基团占据。它们还可含有在对位上的酯基团，例如下式的抗氧化剂：
其中R3为烃基，例如含有例如1-18或2-12或2-8或2-6个碳原子的烷基；且叔烷基为叔丁基。这类抗氧化剂更详细地描述于美国专利6,559,105中。抗氧化剂还包括芳族胺，例如壬基化二苯胺。其它抗氧化剂包括硫化烯烃、钛化合物和钼化合物。美国专利No.4,285,822例如公开了含有含钼和硫组合物的润滑油组合物。抗氧化剂的典型量当然取决于具体抗氧化剂和它各自的效率，但说明性总量可以为0.01-5重量%或0.15-4.5%或0.2-4%。另外，可存在多于一种抗氧化剂，且这些中的某些组合在其组合总效果方面可以是协同增效的。
粘度改进剂(有时也称为粘度指数改进剂或粘度改进剂)可包含在本发明组合物中。粘度改进剂通常为聚合物，包括聚异丁烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、氢化二烯聚合物、聚烷基苯乙烯、酯化苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、氢化链烯基芳烃-共轭二烯共聚物和聚烯烃。还具有分散剂和/或抗氧化性能的多功能粘度改进剂是已知的并可任选使用。粘度改进剂可以以例如0.1-0.8%或0.3-0.6重量%使用。
另一添加剂为抗磨剂。抗磨剂的实例包括含磷抗磨/特压剂如金属硫代磷酸盐、磷酸酯及其盐，含磷羧酸、酯、醚和酰胺；和亚磷酸盐。本技术特别用于其中通过各种组分，包括抗磨剂提供的磷的总量不超过或者为小于0.075%或0.07%或0.06%的配制剂。合适的量可包括0.005至约0.055重量%或0.01-0.05%或0.02-0.05%。通常抗磨剂为二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDP)。对于可含有11%P(基于无油计算)的典型ZDP，合适的量可包括0.05-0.6或0.05-0.55或0.1-0.5或0.2-0.5重量%，因此贡献相应量例如至多0.075重量%或0.005-0.06重量%或如上所述其它量的磷。也可使用的非含磷抗磨剂包括硼酸酯(包括硼酸化环氧化物)、二硫代氨基甲酸酯化合物、含钼化合物和硫化烯烃。
可任选用于润滑油中的其它添加剂包括倾点下降剂、特压剂、抗磨剂、颜色稳定剂和消泡剂。
已知一些上述材料在最终配制剂中可能相互作用，使得最终配制剂的组分可能与起初加入的那些不同。例如金属离子(例如清净剂的)可迁移至其它分子的其它酸性或阴离子部位。由此形成的产品，包括经以其意欲用途使用本发明组合物而形成的产品可能不容易描述。然而，所有这类改进和反应产物均包括在本技术的范围内；本技术包括通过将上述组分混合而制备的组合物。
在润滑剂的总硫酸盐灰相对低，例如小于1%或小于0.8%，例如0.01-0.8，或0.1-0.75，或0.2-0.7%时，本技术也特别有用。
实施例
制备一系列试验润滑剂配制剂。除下表中提到的特殊材料外，各配制剂包含保持恒定的以下材料：5.5%烯烃共聚物粘度改进剂(包含91%稀释油)，4.0%琥珀酰亚胺分散剂(47%油)，1.75%抗氧化剂(芳族胺、硫化烯烃和受阻酚酯)，0.65%钠和钙芳烃磺酸盐清净剂(31–42%油)，0.48%摩擦改进剂(单油酸甘油酯、脂肪酰胺和植物油)，0.15%聚甲基丙烯酸酯倾点下降剂(50%油)和0.009%商业消泡剂，其都在矿物基油中。
在润滑剂配制剂中，除前一段中所列那些外，还包含下表所示材料。通过加压差示扫描量热法试验(PDSC)(CEC L-85)测量所得润滑剂配制剂的氧化稳定性。氧化开始时间为相对氧化稳定性的度量。
*对比或参比例
(a)用OH基团封端的C12-15醇引发的氧化丙烯烷氧基化物(标称24个氧化丙烯单元)
结果显示，在高磷配制剂中，聚醚的存在不提供改善。另一方面，在低磷配制剂中，初始氧化稳定性最初明显更差，大概是由于少量用作抗氧化剂的ZDDP。然而，在这些条件下，2%聚醚的存在导致氧化稳定性的显著改善，其通过将磺酸盐转换成水杨酸盐清净剂而进一步改善。
在此将以上涉及的各个文件通过引用并入本发明。任何文件的提及不是容许该文件以任何权限取得现有技术的资格或构成技术人员的常识。除实施例中外，或如果另外明确指出，该说明书中所有描述材料的量、反应条件、分子量、碳原子数等的数量应当理解为通过措辞“约”修饰。应当理解本文所述量、范围和比的上限和下限可独立地组合。类似地，本发明各个元素的范围和量可与任何其它元素的范围或量一起使用。如本文所用，表述“基本由…组成”允许包括不本质上影响所考虑的组合物的基本特征和新特征的物质。
Claims (16)
1.一种润滑油箱润滑的火花点火发动机的方法，其包括向所述发动机中供入润滑剂，所述润滑剂包含：
(a)具有润滑粘度的油；
(b)0.5-5重量％的聚醚，其由下式表示：
R1–(–O–R2–)n–OR3
其中R1为具有10至24个碳原子的烃基，各个R2独立地为具有2至6个碳原子的亚烷基，n为10至30，且R3为H或烷基、或者结构–CH2CH2CH2NH2或–CH2-CHR-NH2的基团，其中R为氢或烷基，或R1和R3一起可表示亚烷基以形成环醚；和
(c)含金属清净剂，其包含所述润滑剂的0.3-0.8重量％的水杨酸盐清净剂；所述润滑剂具有小于0.075重量％的总磷含量，且其中润滑剂包含贡献0.01至0.06重量％磷的量的二烃基二硫代磷酸锌。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中聚醚包括一个衍生自含羟基烃的单元与两个或更多个衍生自氧化烯的单元的反应产物，其中含羟基烃含有1至50个碳原子，且氧化烯的亚烷基含有2至6个碳原子，其中反应产物任选进一步与丙烯腈反应并氢化以提供末端氨基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中聚醚包括聚醚胺。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中水杨酸盐清净剂包括过碱性烃基取代水杨酸钙清净剂。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中水杨酸盐清净剂具有120至800无油基的总碱值。
6.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中含金属清净剂的量为0.3至1.5重量％。
7.根据权利要求1的方法，其中含金属清净剂的量为0.8至1.5重量％。
8.根据权利要求1的方法，其中含金属清净剂的金属为钙。
9.根据权利要求1的方法，其中润滑剂进一步包含0.1-0.8重量％的聚烯烃粘度改进剂。
10.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中润滑剂的磷含量为0.01至0.05重量％。
11.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中润滑剂的硫酸盐灰含量小于0.80％。
12.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中润滑剂进一步包含无灰抗氧化剂。
13.一种润滑剂，其包含：
(a)具有润滑粘度的油；
(b)0.5至5重量％的聚醚，其由下式表示：
R1–(–O–R2–)n–OR3
其中R1为具有10至24个碳原子的烃基，各个R2独立地为具有2至6个碳原子的亚烷基，n为10至30，且R3为H或烷基、或者结构–CH2CH2CH2NH2或–CH2-CHR-NH2的基团，其中R为氢或烷基，或R1和R3一起可表示亚烷基以形成环醚；和
(c)含金属清净剂，其包含所述润滑剂的0.3-0.8重量％的水杨酸盐清净剂；所述润滑剂具有小于0.075重量％的总磷含量，且其中润滑剂包含贡献0.01至0.06重量％磷的量的二烃基二硫代磷酸锌。
14.根据权利要求13的润滑剂，其中聚醚包括一个含羟基烃的单元与两个或多个氧化烯的单元的反应产物，其中含羟基烃含有1-50个碳原子且氧化烯的亚烷基含有2-6个碳原子，其中反应产物任选进一步与丙烯腈反应并氢化以提供末端氨基。
15.根据权利要求13或14的润滑剂，其中聚醚以0.5至3重量％的量存在。
16.根据权利要求13或14的润滑剂，其中含金属清净剂包括过碱性烃基取代水杨酸钙清净剂。
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| JP2005524758A (ja) * | 2002-05-09 | 2005-08-18 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | カルシウム過塩基化界面活性剤およびマグネシウム過塩基化界面活性剤の組合せを含有する連続可変トランスミッション用流体 |
| AU2003241824A1 (en) | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-19 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
| JP5046644B2 (ja) | 2003-08-01 | 2012-10-10 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | 潤滑剤用の混合分散剤 |
| WO2006035716A1 (ja) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-04-06 | Nippon Oil Corporation | 潤滑油組成物 |
| US8361940B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 | 2013-01-29 | Chevron Japan Ltd. | Low sulfated ash, low sulfur, low phosphorus, low zinc lubricating oil composition |
| US20100197536A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2010-08-05 | Mosier Patrick E | Lubricating Composition Containing Ashfree Antiwear Agent Based on Hydroxypolycarboxylic Acid Derivative and a Molybdenum Compound |
| RU2485171C2 (ru) * | 2007-10-19 | 2013-06-20 | Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. | Функциональные флюиды для двигателей внутреннего сгорания |
| EP2361297A1 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2011-08-31 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Reducing high-aqueous content sludge in diesel engines |
| WO2011126736A1 (en) * | 2010-04-06 | 2011-10-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Zinc salicylates for rust inhibition in lubricants |
-
2012
- 2012-01-11 BR BR112013017784A patent/BR112013017784A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-01-11 EP EP12701303.5A patent/EP2663623B1/en active Active
- 2012-01-11 US US13/978,984 patent/US9347017B2/en active Active
- 2012-01-11 CN CN201280012264.8A patent/CN103415602B/zh active Active
- 2012-01-11 WO PCT/US2012/020874 patent/WO2012097026A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-11 CA CA2824470A patent/CA2824470A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-04-18 US US15/131,562 patent/US20160230117A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-11-14 US US15/350,571 patent/US20170058231A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100173812A1 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2010-07-08 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Tartaric Acid Derivatives as Fuel Economy Improvers and Antiwear Agents in Crankcase Oils and Preparations Thereof |
| CN101084295A (zh) * | 2004-10-25 | 2007-12-05 | 卢布里佐尔公司 | 腐蚀抑制 |
| US20100222245A1 (en) * | 2006-02-06 | 2010-09-02 | Th Lubrizol Corporation | Tartaric Acid Derivatives as Fuel Economy Improvers and Antiwear Agents in Crankcase Oils and Preparations Thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20160230117A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
| WO2012097026A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
| US20170058231A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
| CA2824470A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
| BR112013017784A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
| US9347017B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 |
| EP2663623A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| US20140038870A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
| CN103415602A (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
| EP2663623B1 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
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