CN103415528A - 蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物及其作为阻燃剂的用途 - Google Patents
蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物及其作为阻燃剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103415528A CN103415528A CN2012800128860A CN201280012886A CN103415528A CN 103415528 A CN103415528 A CN 103415528A CN 2012800128860 A CN2012800128860 A CN 2012800128860A CN 201280012886 A CN201280012886 A CN 201280012886A CN 103415528 A CN103415528 A CN 103415528A
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- Prior art keywords
- melamine
- phenyl
- phosphonic acid
- condensation product
- acid
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- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenylphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QLZHNIAADXEJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 42
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- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- AVIZTSRRMBGYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium phosphonato phosphate 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O AVIZTSRRMBGYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
- C07F9/40—Esters thereof
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D251/40—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D251/54—Three nitrogen atoms
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hetero atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D251/40—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D251/54—Three nitrogen atoms
- C07D251/70—Other substituted melamines
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3492—Triazines
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3492—Triazines
- C08K5/34922—Melamine; Derivatives thereof
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
- C08K5/5333—Esters of phosphonic acids
- C08K5/5353—Esters of phosphonic acids containing also nitrogen
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Abstract
本发明提供了蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物、其制备方法、其与聚合物材料的组合物及其在聚合物基材中作为阻燃剂的用途。这些组合物尤其可以用于制造基于多官能环氧化物或缩聚物如聚酯、聚酰胺和聚碳酸酯的阻燃配混物。
Description
本发明涉及蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物、其制备方法、其与聚合物材料的组合物及其在聚合物基材中作为阻燃剂的用途。这些组合物尤其可以用于制造基于多官能环氧化物或缩聚物如聚酯、聚酰胺和聚碳酸酯的阻燃配混物。
将阻燃剂加入聚合物材料(合成或天然的)中以提高聚合物的阻燃性能。取决于其组成,阻燃剂可在固相、液相或气相中以化学方式作用(例如通过释放氮气作为起泡剂)和/或以物理方式作用(例如通过产生泡沫覆盖)。阻燃剂在燃烧过程的特定阶段期间,例如在加热、分解、点燃或火焰蔓延期间起干扰作用。
仍需要可用于不同聚合物基材中且具有改善性能的阻燃组合物。与安全性及环境要求有关的标准的提高导致更严格的规定。尤其是已知的含卤阻燃剂不再能满足所有必需的要求。因此特别是考虑到它们在与火灾有关的烟密度方面具有更好的性能,优选无卤阻燃剂。改善的热稳定性和更低的腐蚀行为是无卤阻燃组合物的其他优点。广泛使用的一类无卤阻燃剂是1,3,5-三嗪类的聚磷酸盐,例如如WO00/02869中所述。
惊人的是已经发现蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物也是高度有效的阻燃剂。这些缩合物可以苯基膦酸和蜜胺开始制备。所得产物为聚苯基膦酸盐(polyphenylphosphonate)、蜜胺和蜜胺的缩合产物的混合物。惊人的是蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合可以在一步中进行。所得产物直到345℃仍稳定且为尤其用于需要高加工温度的聚合物,如聚酰胺、聚酯和聚碳酸酯的强力阻燃剂。
本发明的一个方面是一种制备蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物的方法,包括下列步骤:
R1-R5相互独立地表示氢或选自C1-C4烷基、羟基、羟基-C1-C4烷基和C1-C4烷氧基的取代基;以及
b)使该混合物在150-400℃的温度下反应,形成蜜胺和式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物,其中蜜白胺含量为至少0.1mol/mol缩合产物。
中和步骤可以在含水淤浆中进行,该淤浆基于整个淤浆的重量可以含有至多90重量%,优选40-60重量%固体。在具体实施方案中,该中和步骤以固相反应进行,这意味着各组分以固态混合。
中和步骤的温度优选为90-100℃。
取决于用于中和的化学计算当量,作为二价酸的苯基膦酸可以被蜜胺中和而形成蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐或双蜜胺苯基膦酸盐。形成蜜胺聚苯基膦酸盐的缩合步骤的原料包括蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐、双蜜胺苯基膦酸盐或其混合物。
例如,蜜胺与苯基膦酸的摩尔比为1.1:1-3:1,例如2:1。
然而,还可能的是蜜胺以小于1mol/mol苯基膦酸的摩尔量存在。在另一具体实施方案中,它可以为至多10mol/mol苯基膦酸。
苯基膦酸的中和步骤中也可以存在其他组分,如无机酸,例如含磷的酸、硫酸、硼酸、硅酸;有机酸,如磺酸、羧酸、草酸,这些酸的相应金属和铵盐,如磷酸钠、磷酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸氢钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸锌、磷酸钙、次磷酸钙、磷酸铝、二乙基次磷酸铝、磷酸氢铵、硫酸铵、硫酸氢铵;金属氧化物,如ZnO、MgO、Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2;金属氢氧化物如NaOH、KOH、Ca(OH)2,释放氨的化合物如尿素、碳酰胺、硫酰胺、磺酰胺、蜜白胺和蜜勒胺。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,R1-R5为氢。
在缩合步骤b)中例如在280-350℃,优选300-340℃的温度下使中和的蜜胺苯基膦酸盐反应而形成蜜胺和/或式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物。
缩合步骤可以在常压下进行或者在1-3巴过压或绝对压力的压力下进行。然而优选在减压下进行该反应,例如在100-0.0001毫巴的绝对压力下进行。
反应时间可以为20分钟至20小时,例如1-15小时。
蜜胺和式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物是新的且因此也为本发明的主题。
上述缩合过程的结果不是一种单一化合物,而是多种在该聚苯基膦酸盐的缩合度上不同且具有衍生于蜜胺的不同抗衡离子的缩合产物。
蜜胺和如上所述的式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物可以由如下理想化式(II)表示:
其中M为蜜胺或蜜胺的缩合产物的质子化形式且其中蜜白胺含量为至少0.1mol/mol缩合产物;
m为0-50的数,表示苯基膦酸盐残基的平均缩合度。
蜜胺和如上所述的式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物的另一实例可以由如下理想化式(IIa)表示:
其中M为蜜胺或蜜胺的缩合产物并且其中蜜白胺含量为至少0.1mol/mol缩合产物;
m如上所定义,以及
x为1-2。
主要缩合产物和蜜胺本身具有下列结构:
蜜胺和蜜白胺是主组分;蜜勒胺仅少量形成。在本发明方法中,蜜白胺的量以重量计显著高于蜜胺的量。
重复单元数m优选为0-30,更优选0-3。例如,试验测量的m的平均值为0.2-2.5,优选1.1-2.5。
通常希望m的平均值大于0。
例如,蜜胺和如上所述的式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物具有的蜜白胺含量为2mol或更低的蜜白胺/mol三价磷原子。
蜜胺和如上所述的式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物在10重量%水淤浆中测量时呈现5或更高的pH值。
在具体实施方案中,蜜胺和如上所述的式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物基于蜜胺的重量加上蜜胺缩合产物的重量包含10-100重量%,优选20-90%,更优选70-85%蜜白胺作为蜜胺缩合物。
蜜胺和如上所述的式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物通常基于蜜胺的重量加上蜜胺缩合产物的重量包含10-100重量%,优选20-90%,更优选70-85%蜜白胺作为蜜胺缩合物并且包含平均缩合度m为1-30,优选1-4,更优选1.2-3.5的数的含三价磷的重复单元。
蜜胺与蜜白胺的摩尔比通常为0-10(仅蜜白胺至10mol%蜜白胺)。
本发明的还一方面是一种阻燃性组合物,包含:
a)蜜胺和如上所述的式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物,以及
b)聚合物基材。
术语聚合物基材在其范围内包括热塑性聚合物或热固性聚合物。
以下列出合适的合成聚合物:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚乙烯基环己烷、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃的聚合物,例如环戊烯或降冰片烯,聚乙烯(任选可交联),例如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度和高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW),高密度和超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、VLDPE和ULDPE)。
聚烯烃,即前段中所列举的单烯烃的聚合物,优选聚乙烯和聚丙烯,可通过不同的方法制备,尤其通过以下方法制备:
a)自由基聚合(通常在高压和升高的温度下进行);
b)催化聚合,使用通常含有一种或多于一种周期表IVb、Vb、VIb或VIII族金属的催化剂。这些金属通常具有一种或多于一种的配体,通常为氧化物、卤化物、醇盐、酯、醚、胺、烷基化物、烯基化物和/或芳基化物,它们可以是π-或σ-配位的。这些金属配合物可呈游离形式或固定在基材上,通常固定在活化氯化镁、氯化钛(III)、氧化铝或氧化硅上。这些催化剂可溶于或不溶于聚合介质中。催化剂本身可用于聚合中,或可使用其他活化剂,一般是金属烷基化物、金属氢化物、金属烷基卤化物、金属烷基氧化物或金属烷基氧丙环(alkyloxane),所述金属为周期表Ia、IIa和/或IIIa族的元素。活化剂可方便地用其他酯、醚、胺或甲硅烷基醚基团改性。这些催化剂体系一般称为Phillips、Standard Oil Indiana、Ziegler-Natta、TNZ(DuPont)、金属茂或单中心催化剂(SSC)。
2.1)下所提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物,聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE),以及不同类型聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃和二烯烃彼此之间或与其他乙烯基单体之间的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物,线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物,丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物,丙烯/异丁烯共聚物,乙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物,乙烯/己烯共聚物,乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物,乙烯/庚烯共聚物,乙烯/辛烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烷共聚物,乙烯/环烯烃共聚物(例如乙烯/降冰片烯,如COC),乙烯/1-烯烃共聚物,其中1-烯烃原位产生;丙烯/丁二烯共聚物,异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物,乙烯/乙烯基环己烯共聚物,乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离聚物)以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯例如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基降冰片烯的三元共聚物;以及这些共聚物彼此之间和与上述1)中所述聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物,LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA),LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA),LLDPE/EVA,LLDPE/EAA,以及交替或无规的聚亚烷基/一氧化碳共聚物及其与其他聚合物,例如聚酰胺的混合物。
4.烃树脂(例如C5-C9),包括其氢化改性形式(例如增粘剂),以及聚亚烷基与淀粉的混合物。
上述均聚物和共聚物可具有立体结构,包括间规立构、等规立构、半等规立构或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。
5.聚苯乙烯,聚(对甲基苯乙烯),聚(α-甲基苯乙烯)。
6.衍生自乙烯基芳族单体的芳族均聚物和共聚物,所述单体包括苯乙烯,α-甲基苯乙烯,乙烯基甲苯的所有异构体,尤其是对乙烯基甲苯,乙基苯乙烯的所有异构体,丙基苯乙烯,乙烯基联苯,乙烯基萘,以及乙烯基蒽,及其混合物。均聚物和共聚物可具有立体结构,包括间规立构、等规立构、半等规立构或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。
a)包括上述乙烯基芳族单体和选自以下的共聚单体的共聚物:乙烯,丙烯,二烯,腈,酸,马来酸酐,马来酰亚胺,乙酸乙烯酯和氯乙烯或丙烯酸衍生物以及它们的混合物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯,苯乙烯/丙烯腈,苯乙烯/乙烯(三元共聚物),苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/丁二烯/丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/丁二烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯,苯乙烯/马来酸酐,苯乙烯/丙烯腈/丙烯酸甲基酯;高抗冲强度的苯乙烯共聚物与其他聚合物例如聚丙烯酸酯、二烯聚合物或乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物的混合物;以及苯乙烯的嵌段共聚物,例如苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯,苯乙烯/异戊二烯/苯乙烯,苯乙烯/乙烯/丁烯/苯乙烯或者苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯;
b)由6)下所述聚合物的氢化衍生的氢化芳族聚合物,尤其包括通过氢化无规立构聚苯乙烯制备的聚环己基乙烯(PCHE),通常称为聚乙烯基环己烷(PVCH)。
c)由6a)下所述聚合物的氢化衍生的氢化芳族聚合物。均聚物和共聚物可具有立体结构,包括间规立构、等规立构、半等规立构或无规立构;其中优选无规立构聚合物。还包括立体嵌段聚合物。
7.乙烯基芳族单体,例如苯乙烯或α-甲基苯乙烯的接枝共聚物,例如苯乙烯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯在聚丁二烯-苯乙烯或聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈(或甲基丙烯腈)在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和甲基丙烯酸甲酯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和马来酸酐在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯、丙烯腈和马来酸酐或马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和马来酰亚胺在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯或甲基丙烯酸烷基酯在聚丁二烯上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物上的接枝共聚物;苯乙烯和丙烯腈在聚丙烯酸烷基酯或聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯上的接枝共聚物,苯乙烯和丙烯腈在丙烯酸酯/丁二烯共聚物上的接枝共聚物,及其与6)下所列共聚物的混合物,例如已知为ABS、MBS、ASA或AES聚合物的共聚物混合物。
8.含卤素的聚合物,如聚氯丁二烯,氯化橡胶,异丁烯-异戊二烯的氯化和溴化共聚物(卤代丁基橡胶),氯化或磺基氯化的聚乙烯,乙烯和氯化乙烯的共聚物,表氯醇均聚物和共聚物,尤其是含卤素的乙烯基化合物的聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氟乙烯,聚偏二氟乙烯,以及它们的共聚物,例如氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯,氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯或偏二氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
9.衍生自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈,其用丙烯酸丁酯进行冲击改性。
10.9)下所述单体彼此之间或与其他不饱和单体之间的共聚物,例如丙烯腈/丁二烯共聚物,丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,丙烯腈/丙烯酸烷氧基烷基酯或丙烯腈/乙烯基卤共聚物或丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯/丁二烯三元共聚物。
11.衍生自不饱和醇和胺或其酰基衍生物或缩醛的聚合物,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯基酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯基酯、聚马来酸乙烯基酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯或聚烯丙基蜜胺;以及它们与上面在1)中所述烯烃的共聚物。
12.环醚的均聚物和共聚物,例如聚亚烷基二醇,聚氧化乙烯,聚氧化丙烯,或其与二缩水甘油醚的共聚物。
13.聚缩醛,例如聚甲醛,以及含有氧化乙烯作为共聚单体的那些聚甲醛;用热塑性聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯或MBS改性的聚缩醛。
14.聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚,以及聚苯醚与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
15.一方面衍生自羟基封端的聚醚、聚酯或聚丁二烯且另一方面衍生自脂族或芳族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯及其前体。
16.衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或衍生自氨基羧酸或相应内酰胺的聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,例如聚酰胺4,聚酰胺6,聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12,4/6、12/12,聚酰胺11,聚酰胺12,来自间二甲苯二胺和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;在存在或不存在作为改性剂的弹性体下由六亚甲基二胺和间苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸制备的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺;以及上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键合或接枝弹性体的嵌段共聚物;或与聚醚,例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四亚甲基二醇的共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及在加工期间缩合的聚酰胺(RIM聚酰胺体系)。
17.聚脲、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酯酰亚胺、聚乙内酰脲和聚苯并咪唑。
18.衍生自二羧酸和二醇和/或衍生自羟基羧酸或相应内酯的聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯、聚萘二甲酸亚烷基二醇酯(PAN)和聚羟基苯甲酸酯,以及衍生自羟基封端的聚醚的嵌段共聚醚酯,以及还有用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
19.聚酮。
20.聚砜、聚醚砜和聚醚酮。
21.上述聚合物的共混物(聚合物共混物),例如PP/EPDM、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR、PC/热塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA6.6和共聚物,PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
22.具有对应于以下通式的聚碳酸酯:
这些聚碳酸酯可通过界面法或熔融法(催化酯交换反应)获得。聚碳酸酯在结构上可为支化或线性的且可包含任意官能取代基。聚碳酸酯共聚物与聚碳酸酯共混物也处于本发明的范围之内。术语聚碳酸酯应解释为包括与其他热塑性材料的共聚物和共混物。生产聚碳酸酯的方法是已知的,例如参见美国专利说明书3,030,331、3,169,121、4,130,458、4,263,201、4,286,083、4,552,704、5,210,268和5,606,007。可使用两种或更多种不同分子量的聚碳酸酯的组合。
优选可通过二酚(例如双酚A)与碳酸酯源反应而获得的聚碳酸酯。合适的二酚实例为:
碳酸酯源可为碳酰卤、碳酸酯或卤代甲酸酯。合适的碳酰卤为光气或碳酰溴。合适的碳酸酯为碳酸二烷基酯,例如碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二苯酯、碳酸苯基-烷基苯基酯如碳酸苯基-甲苯基酯,碳酸二烷基酯,例如碳酸二甲酯或碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二(卤代苯基)酯如碳酸二(氯苯基)酯、碳酸二(溴苯基)酯、碳酸二(三氯苯基)酯或碳酸二(三氯苯基)酯、碳酸二(烷基苯基)酯如碳酸二-甲苯基酯、碳酸萘基酯、碳酸二氯萘基酯等。
包含聚碳酸酯或聚碳酸酯共混物的上述聚合物基材为其中存在间苯二甲酸间苯二酚/对苯二甲酸间苯二酚链段的聚碳酸酯共聚物。该类聚碳酸酯可市购,例如SLX(General Electrics Co.,USA)。组分b)的其他聚合物基材可以额外以混合物或共聚物的形式含有宽范围的合成聚合物,包括聚烯烃、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、热塑性聚氨酯、聚砜、聚缩醛和PVC,包括合适的相容剂。例如,聚合物基材可额外含有选自聚烯烃、热塑性聚氨酯、苯乙烯类聚合物及其共聚物的热塑性聚合物。具体实施方案包括聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸亚环己基亚甲基酯(PCTG)、聚砜(PSU)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯(ASA)、丙烯腈-乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯(AES)、苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)或高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,该聚合物基材选自多官能环氧化物和硬化剂化合物。
多官能环氧化物的实例是如下化合物,其中存在至少两个如下部分式的环氧基:
其直接与碳、氧、氮或硫原子连接,并且其中q为0,R1和R3均为氢且R2为氢或甲基;或其中q为0或1,R1和R3一起形成基团-CH2-CH2-或-CH2-CH2-CH2-且R2为氢。
多官能环氧化合物的实例为:
I)聚缩水甘油酯和聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)酯,其可通过使分子中具有至少两个羧基的化合物与表氯醇和/或α-二氯甘油和/或β-甲基表氯醇反应而获得。该反应在碱存在下进行。
分子中具有至少两个羧基的合适化合物为脂族多羧酸,例如戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸或者二聚或三聚的亚油酸。脂环族多羧酸是合适的,例如四氢邻苯二甲酸、4-甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸或4-甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸。
芳族多羧酸是合适的,例如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸和苯四甲酸。同样合适的是例如偏苯三甲酸和多元醇如甘油或2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷形成的羧基封端的加合物。
II)聚缩水甘油醚或聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)醚,其可通过使具有至少两个自由醇羟基和/或酚羟基的化合物与适当取代的表氯醇在碱性条件下或在酸性催化剂的存在下反应,随后在碱性条件下处理而获得。这种醚例如衍生自直链醇,例如乙二醇、二甘醇和高级聚(氧亚乙基)二醇、丙烷-1,2-二醇,或聚(氧亚丙基)二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇,丁烷-1,4-二醇,聚(氧四亚甲基)二醇、戊烷-1,5-二醇、己烷-1,6-二醇、己烷-2,4,6-三醇、甘油、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇以及衍生自聚表氯醇。
或者,它们衍生自例如脂环族醇,例如1,3-或1,4-二羟基环己烷、二(4-羟基环己基)甲烷、2,2-二(4-羟基环己基)丙烷或1,1-二(羟甲基)环己-3-烯,或它们具有芳核,例如N,N-二(2-羟乙基)苯胺或p,p'-二(2-羟乙基氨基)二苯基甲烷。
环氧化合物还可衍生自单核酚,例如间苯二酚或氢醌;或它们基于多核酚,例如二(4-羟苯基)甲烷、2,2-二(4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,2-二(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)丙烷或4,4'-二羟基二苯基砜,或基于酚与甲醛的缩合物,其在酸性条件获得,例如酚
III)聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物,其可通过将表氯醇与含有至少两个氨基氢原子的胺的反应产物脱氯化氢而获得。这些胺例如为苯胺、甲苯胺、正丁胺、二(4-氨基苯基)甲烷、间苯二甲胺或二(4-甲基氨基苯基)甲烷以及还有N,N,O-三缩水甘油基间氨基苯酚或N,N,O-三缩水甘油基对氨基苯酚。聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物还包括亚环烷基脲的N,N'-二缩水甘油基衍生物,例如亚乙基脲或1,3-亚丙基脲,和乙内酰脲的N,N'-二缩水甘油基衍生物,例如5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲的N,N'-二缩水甘油基衍生物。
IV)聚(S-缩水甘油基)化合物,例如衍生自二硫醇的二-S-缩水甘油基衍生物,例如乙烷-1,2-二硫醇或二(4-巯基甲基苯基)醚。
具有式A基团(其中R1和R3一起为-CH2-CH2-并且n为0)的环氧化合物为二(2,3-环氧基环戊基)醚、2,3-环氧基环戊基缩水甘油醚或1,2-二(2,3-环氧基环戊氧基)乙烷。具有式A基团(其中R1和R3一起是-CH2-CH2-并且n是1)的环氧树脂的实例为3’,4’-环氧基-6’-甲基环己烷甲酸(3,4-环氧基-6-甲基环己基)甲基酯。
多官能环氧化合物是已知的。它们中许多可以从Huntsman AdvancedMaterials(商品名)获得。合适的多官能环氧化物的实例是:
b)固体双酚A二缩水甘油醚,例如ARALDITE GT6071、GT7071、GT7072、GT6063、GT7203、GT6064、GT7304、GT7004、GT6084、GT1999、GT7077、GT6097、GT7097、GT7008、GT6099、GT6608、GT6609、GT6610、CT200和6100ES,1001和109,661、667和668以及DLS1065ES;
c)液体双酚F二缩水甘油醚,例如ARALDITE GY281、GY282、PY302和PY306;
f)邻甲酚-甲醛NOVOLAK的固体和液体聚缩水甘油醚,例如ECN1235、1273、1280和ECN1299;
g)醇的液体缩水甘油醚,例如缩水甘油醚162、ARALDITE DY0390和DY0391;
h)羧酸的液体缩水甘油醚,例如Cardura E对苯二甲酸酯、偏苯三甲酸酯和PY284;
i)固体杂环环氧树脂(三缩水甘油基异氰脲酸酯),例如ARALDITE PT810;
k)液体脂环族环氧树脂,例如ARALDITE CY179;
l)对氨基苯酚的液体N,N,O-三缩水甘油醚,例如ARALDITE MY0510;
m)四缩水甘油基-4,4'-亚甲基苯甲胺或N,N,N',N'-四缩水甘油基二氨基苯基甲烷,例如ARALDITE MY720和MY721;
如果需要的话,也可以使用不同结构的环氧化合物的混合物。
合适的多官能环氧化合物优选包含至少两个下式基团:
特别优选以下类型的化合物和/或它们的混合物作为组分:
适合上述基团的取代基为-O-、-S-、-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-S(=O)-、-S(O2)-、-C(CF3)2-、烷基、亚烷基、芳基、亚芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基或卤素。相同或不同的取代基可出现两次或更多次,而取代基本身同样可被进一步取代。
合适烷基的实例为C1-C18烷基如甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正己基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十六烷基或正十八烷基及其支化异构体。
可能的亚烷基和烷氧基在形式上分别通过除去另一个氢原子或加入氧原子而衍生自上述烷基。
合适的芳基的实例是具有6-20个碳原子的那些,例如亚苯基、亚联苯基或亚萘基。
可能的亚芳基和芳氧基在形式上分别通过除去另一个氢原子或加入氧原子而衍生自上述芳基。
优选下式的基团:
对于X1:
对于X2:
对于X3:
其中
Y1为直接键或基团-O-、-S-或-C(=O)-O-;
Y2为直接键或基团-SO2-、-CO-、-S-、-SO-、CH2-、-C(CH3)2-或-C(CF3)2-;
以及
n为1-10。
芳族环未被取代或者如上面更详细描述的那样被烷基、芳基、烷氧基、芳氧基或卤素取代一次或多次。
特别优选下列化合物:
双酚F
合适的硬化剂化合物是用于环氧树脂的任何已知硬化剂。特别优选胺类、酚类和酸酐硬化剂,如多胺,如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基三胺、六亚甲基二胺、甲烷二胺、N-氨基乙基哌嗪、二氨基二苯基甲烷[DDM]、DDM的烷基取代衍生物、异佛尔酮二胺[IPD],二氨基二苯基砜[DDS],4,4'-亚甲基二苯胺[MDA]或间苯二胺[MPDA]),聚酰胺,烷基/链烯基咪唑类,双氰胺[DICY],1,6-六亚甲基二双氰基胍,酚系硬化剂,例如苯酚线型酚醛树脂和甲酚线型酚醛树脂,或酸酐,例如十二碳烯基琥珀酸酐、六氢邻苯二甲酸酐、四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、邻苯二甲酸酐、均苯四酸二酐及其衍生物。
本发明的优选实施方案涉及一种组合物,其包含多官能环氧化物、含有至少两个氨基的硬化剂化合物,如双氰胺。
在另一具体实施方案中,该聚合物基材为热塑性聚合物基材,优选聚酯、聚酰胺、聚砜或聚碳酸酯基材。
本发明的另一方面是一种赋予聚合物基材以阻燃性的方法,该方法包括将如上所定义的蜜胺聚苯基膦酸盐加入聚合物基材中。
在优选方法中,该聚合物基材为聚酯,聚酰胺,聚砜或聚碳酸酯基材。
在另一优选方法中,该聚合物基材选自多官能环氧化合物和硬化剂化合物。
在该方法和该组合物中,如上所定义的蜜胺聚苯基膦酸盐基于该聚合物的重量通常以1-45重量%,优选10-30重量%的量存在。
多官能环氧化物和硬化剂之间的重量比通常为2:1-1:1。
例如,额外将其他添加剂加入该组合物或方法中,该添加剂选自抗滴落剂、聚合物稳定剂和额外的阻燃剂,如含磷阻燃剂、含氮阻燃剂、卤代阻燃剂和无机阻燃剂。
在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及一种包含所谓的抗滴落剂作为额外组分的组合物。
这些抗滴落剂降低热塑性聚合物的熔体流动并在高温下抑制液滴形成。各种参考文献,如美国专利说明书4,263,201,描述了将抗滴落剂加入阻燃组合物中。
在高温下抑制液滴形成的合适添加剂包括玻璃纤维、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、高温弹性体、碳纤维、玻璃球等。
已经在各种参考文献中提出加入不同结构的聚硅氧烷;参考美国专利说明书6,660,787、6,727,302或6,730,720。
稳定剂优选为无卤的且选自氮氧自由基稳定剂、硝酮稳定剂、胺氧化物稳定剂、苯并呋喃酮稳定剂、亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯稳定剂、醌甲基化物稳定剂和2,2'-亚烷基双酚的单丙烯酸酯稳定剂。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,该组合物包含额外的阻燃剂组分。该类额外的阻燃剂是已知组分、商品,或可通过已知方法获得。除了上面所定义的那些外,其他代表性含磷阻燃剂例如为:间苯二酚四苯基二磷酸酯(RDP,Akzo Nobel),间苯二酚二磷酸酯低聚物(RDP),四(羟甲基)硫化磷酸三苯酯,膦酸二乙基-N,N-二(2-羟乙基)氨基甲基酯,磷酸羟烷基酯,例如以Ca2+、Zn2+或Al3+作为阳离子的次磷酸(H3PO2)的盐,二乙基次膦酸铝,二乙基次膦酸锌,多磷酸铵(APP)或(AP750),间苯二酚二磷酸酯低聚物(RDP),磷腈阻燃剂和乙二胺二磷酸酯(EDAP)。
含氮阻燃剂例如为异氰脲酸酯阻燃剂,例如多异氰脲酸酯、异氰脲酸的酯或异氰脲酸盐。代表性实例为异氰脲酸羟烷基酯,例如异氰脲酸三(2-羟乙基)酯、异氰脲酸三(羟甲基)酯、异氰脲酸三(3-羟基正丙基)酯或异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯。
含氮阻燃剂包括其他蜜胺基阻燃剂。代表性实例为蜜胺氰脲酸盐、蜜胺硼酸盐、蜜胺磷酸盐、蜜胺焦磷酸盐、蜜胺多磷酸盐、蜜胺多磷酸铵、蜜胺焦磷酸铵、双蜜胺磷酸盐和双蜜胺焦磷酸盐。
其他实例是苯并胍胺,异氰脲酸三(羟乙基)酯,尿囊素,甘脲,蜜胺氰脲酸盐,蜜胺磷酸盐,双蜜胺磷酸盐,蜜胺焦磷酸盐,脲氰脲酸酯,多磷酸铵,来自系列蜜勒胺、蜜白胺、氰尿酰胺的蜜胺缩合产物和/或更高缩合程度的化合物,或蜜胺与磷酸的反应产物或其混合物。
代表性无机阻燃剂例如包括氢氧化铝(ATH)、勃姆石(AlOOH)、氢氧化镁(MDH)、硼酸锌、CaCO3、被有机取代基改性的层状硅酸盐或层状双氢氧化物及其混合物。
代表性有机卤素阻燃剂例如为多溴化二苯醚(DE-60F,Great LakesCorp.)、十溴二苯醚(DBDPO;102E)、磷酸三[3-溴-2,2-二(溴甲基)丙基]酯(PBFMC Corp.)、磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯、氯菌酸、四氯邻苯二甲酸、四溴邻苯二甲酸、聚-β-氯乙基三膦酸酯混合物、四溴双酚A二(2,3-二溴丙基醚)(PE68)、溴化环氧树脂、亚乙基二(四溴苯邻二甲酰亚胺)(BT-93)、双(六氯环戊二烯)环辛烷(Declorane)、氯化石蜡、八溴二苯醚、六氯环戊二烯衍生物、1,2-二(三溴苯氧基)乙烷(FF680)、四溴双酚A(RB100)、亚乙基二(二溴降冰片烷二羧酰亚胺)(BN-451)、二(六氯环戊二烯)环辛烷(bis-(hexachlorocycloentadeno)cyclooctane)、PTEE、异氰脲酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯及亚乙基二-四溴苯邻二甲酰亚胺。
上述有机卤素阻燃剂一般与无机氧化物增效剂组合使用。最常用于此的是锌或锑的氧化物,例如Sb2O3或Sb2O5。硼化合物也是合适的。
上述额外的阻燃剂类别有利地以有机聚合物基材的约0.5重量%至约45.0重量%,例如约1.0重量%至约40.0重量%的量含于本发明组合物中;例如聚合物或基于组合物总重量的约5.0重量%至约35.0重量%。
如上所述,本发明组合物可以额外含有一种或多种常规添加剂,例如选自颜料、染料、增塑剂、抗氧化剂、触变剂、流平助剂、碱性共稳定剂、金属去活化剂、金属氧化物、有机磷化合物、其他光稳定剂及其混合物,尤其是颜料、酚类抗氧化剂、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌,2-羟基二苯甲酮、2-(2'-羟基苯基)苯并三唑和/或2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类UV吸收剂。
优选用于上文所定义的组合物的额外添加剂为加工稳定剂如上述亚磷酸酯和酚类抗氧化剂以及光稳定剂如苯并三唑类。优选的具体抗氧化剂包括3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八烷基酯(IRGANOX1076)、季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯](IRGANOX1010)、异氰脲酸三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯(IRGANOX3114)、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯(IRGANOX1330)、三甘醇二[3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酸酯](IRGANOX245)和N,N'-己烷-1,6-二基二[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰胺](IRGANOX1098)。具体的加工稳定剂包括亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(IRGAFOS168)、3,9-二(2,4-二叔丁基苯氧基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂-3,9-二磷杂螺[5.5]十一烷(IRGAFOS126)、2,2',2''-次氮基[三乙基-三(3,3',5,5'-四叔丁基-1,1'-联苯-2,2'-二基)]亚磷酸酯(IRGAFOS12)和四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-[1,1-联苯]-4,4'-二基二亚膦酸酯(IRGAFOSP-EPQ)。具体的光稳定剂包括2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4,6-二(1-甲基-1-苯基乙基)苯酚(TINUVIN234)、2-(5-氯(2H)-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚(TINUVIN326)、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚(TINUVIN329)、2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-叔丁基-6-仲丁基苯酚(TINUVIN350)、2,2'-亚甲基二(6-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚)(TINUVIN360)和2-(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-5-己氧基苯酚(TINUVIN1577)、2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑(TINUVIN P)、2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮(CHIMASSORB81)、1,3-二[(2’-氰基-3’,3’-二苯基丙烯酰基)氧基]-2,2-二{[(2’-氰基-3’,3’-二苯基丙烯酰基)氧基]甲基}丙烷((UVINUL3030,BASF)、2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯(UVINUL3035,BASF)和2-氰基-3,3-二苯基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯(UVINUL3039,BASF)。
相对于聚合物基材b)的重量优选以0.01-10.0%,尤其是0.05-5.0%的量含有上述添加剂。
将上文所定义的组分掺入聚合物组分中通过已知方法如以粉末形式干混,或以在例如惰性溶剂、水或油中的溶液、分散体或悬浮液形式湿混而进行。添加剂组分a)和b)以及任选其他添加剂可例如在模塑之前或之后或者还通过施用溶解或分散的添加剂或添加剂混合物,随后蒸发或不蒸发溶剂或悬浮/分散剂而掺入聚合物材料。可将其例如作为干混合物或粉末,或作为溶液或分散体或悬浮液或熔体直接加入加工设备(例如挤出机、密闭式混合机等)中。
将添加剂组分加入聚合物基材可在常规混合机器中进行,其中使聚合物熔融并与添加剂混合。合适的机器为本领域技术人员所已知。其主要为混合机、捏合机和挤出机。
该方法优选在挤出机中通过在加工过程中引入添加剂而进行。
特别优选的加工机器为单螺杆挤出机、异向旋转及同向旋转双螺杆挤出机、行星齿轮挤出机、环挤出机(ring extruder)或共捏合机。还可使用装备有至少一个能对其施加真空的除气室的加工机器。
合适的挤出机和捏合机已描述在例如Handbuch derKunststoffextrusion,第1卷Grundlagen,编辑F.Hensen,W.Knappe,H.Potente,1989,第3-7页,ISBN:3-446-14339-4(第2卷Extrusionsanlagen1986,ISBN3-446-14329-7)中。
例如,螺杆长度为螺杆直径的1-60倍,优选为螺杆直径的35-48倍。螺杆转速优选为10-600转/分钟(rpm),优选25-300rpm。
最大产量取决于螺杆直径、转速和驱动力。还可通过改变所述参数或使用输送剂量的称重机器,以低于最大产量的水平实施本发明方法。
若加入多种组分,则这些组分可以预混或者单独加入。
还可将添加剂组分a)和任选其他添加剂喷雾至聚合物基材b)上。添加剂混合物将其他添加剂(例如上述常规添加剂)或它们的熔体稀释以使它们也可与这些添加剂一起被喷雾至聚合物基材上。在聚合催化剂钝化过程中通过喷雾进行添加是特别有利的;此时产生的蒸汽可用于钝化催化剂。在球形聚合的聚烯烃情况下,例如可有利地通过喷雾任选与其他添加剂一起施用本发明添加剂。
还可将添加剂组分a)和任选其他添加剂以母料(“浓缩物”)形式加入聚合物中,该母料含有以例如约1.0重量%至约40.0重量%,优选2.0重量%至约20.0重量%的浓度掺混聚合物中的各组分。该聚合物并不一定具有与添加剂最终加入的聚合物相同的结构。在该操作中,可以以粉末、颗粒、溶液及悬浮液或胶乳形式使用聚合物。
可在成型操作之前或之中进行掺混。含有本文所述的本发明添加剂的材料优选用于生产模制品,例如旋转模制品、注塑制品、型材等,且尤其为纤维、熔纺无纺物、薄膜或泡沫。
本发明的再一方面是蜜胺和如上所述的式(I)的苯基膦酸的缩合产物作为聚合物用阻燃添加剂的用途。
本发明的又一方面是一种式III的产物:
上面所给定义和优选情形同样适用于本发明的所有方面。
下列实施例说明本发明。
A)制备实施例
实施例A1(前体):蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐(MPPO)
在95℃下在15分钟内在装有温度计和搅拌器(功率搅拌器:IKA-RW20,两级搅拌器)的4L烧瓶中将蜜胺(252g,2.0mol,购自Aldrich)悬浮于水(3.0L)中(在1.5阶下搅拌)。在98℃下在20分钟内分23份将苯基膦酸(316g,2.0mol,购自Aldrich)加入该悬浮液中。
将反应混合物在95-100℃下搅拌90分钟。将形成的晶体悬浮液在95℃下搅拌90分钟并在60分钟内冷却至60℃。将该晶体悬浮液过滤并用500mL蒸馏水洗涤晶体。在真空烘箱中将所得晶体在60℃,1-10毫巴下干燥17小时。额外的干燥在130℃/1-10毫巴下进行17小时。产率:
1.晶体比例理论上为89%,
2.来自母液的晶体比例:理论上为6%
在水中的溶解度:11g/L(25℃);70g/L(95℃)
三价磷含量:10.9%
通过TGA的分解:起始于277℃(-12%)
熔点:268-270℃
c-DTA:起始于280.3℃
31P-NMR(D2O):18.3ppm
实施例A2:蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐(MPPO)的缩合
在玻璃管中将来自实施例1的蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐(MPPO)(10.000g,0.04mol)在300℃/5×10-1毫巴下热处理2小时并额外热处理22小时。通过重量分析方法监测残留物的质量平衡(mass balance)。所得产物通过三价磷含量、1,3,5-三嗪组分和热重分析法表征。
时间[h] | 2 | 22 |
残留质量[g] | 6.9708 | 6.8639 |
质量损失[g,重量%] | 3.03,30.3 | 3.14,31.4 |
三价磷含量[%] | 12.0 | 13.9 |
蜜胺/蜜白胺/蜜勒胺含量(相对%) | 26.1/70.1/<3.7 | 8.9/86.7/4.4 |
通过TGA的分解:起始于345-351℃;在496℃下的质量损失:54.5%基于1,3,5-三嗪组分的分析,计算出蜜白胺含量为70-87%。
实施例A3:蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐(MPPO)的缩合
向高温双轴捏合机(Zweiwellenkneter LIST CRP2.5)中装载1.335kg来自实施例1的蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐(MPPO)。将搅拌器速度设定为35Upm。将捏合机夹套加热至250℃,所得反应物料温度为220℃。通过提高温度梯度在270℃(夹套温度300℃)下在吸热阶段观察到氨释放。测得最大氨释放为40g NH3/(kg MPPO h)。3小时后将反应器冷却至室温并将反应产物卸载(1.165kg)。该产物由质量平衡、磷含量以及蜜胺和蜜胺缩合组分表征。质量损失:12.7重量%
三价磷含量:11.2重量%
蜜胺/蜜白胺/蜜勒胺含量(相对%):26.0/69.9/<4.1
实施例A4:蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐(MPPO)的缩合
向高温双轴捏合机(Zweiwellenkneter LIST CRP2.5)中装载1.335kg来自实施例1的蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐(MPPO)。将搅拌器速度设定为35Upm。使用360℃的夹套温度将反应物料直接加热至270℃。在270℃(夹套温度360℃)下在吸热阶段观察到氨形成。测得最大氨释放为55g NH3/(kg MPPOh)。3小时后反应产物(0.905kg)由质量平衡、磷含量以及蜜胺和蜜胺缩合
组分的含量表征。
质量损失:32.2重量%
三价磷含量:14.8重量%
蜜胺/蜜白胺/蜜勒胺含量(相对%):25.5/<9.4/65.1
实施例A5:蜜白胺苯基膦酸氢盐
使蜜白胺(58.8g,0.25mol;通过文献方法制备)悬浮于水(1330ml)中并加热至95℃。分批加入苯基膦酸(39.5g,0.25mol,Aldrich)。将反应混合物在95℃下搅拌4小时直到达到pH6。形成细的晶体悬浮液。在冷却至25℃之后将1500mL乙醇加入反应混合物中并在过滤之后以白色细针晶分离产物。在真空烘箱中将所得晶体在60℃,1-10毫巴下干燥17小时。额外的干燥在130℃/1-10毫巴下进行17小时。
产量:91.9g,理论产率为93.5%
三价磷含量:7.8%
氮含量:38.7%
下表综述性说明化合物(实施例A1-A5)的分析数据:
基于实施例A1-A5中化合物的热重分析(TGA)结果可以得出蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐的缩合以两步模式发生的结论。根据实施例A5的TGA数据,蜜胺缩合成蜜白胺在277℃下开始,在300-350℃内观察到苯基膦酸根阴离子的缩合。因此,缩合模式可以以平衡的热计量和化学计量方法控制。根据实施例A2-A4,在280-300℃的温度范围内有蜜白胺形成。然而,其他温度范围可能更适合其他化学计量比。与实施例A5相比,在实施例A2-A3的化合物中提高的三价磷含量表明苯基膦酸根阴离子的缩合。
蜜勒胺的形成非常可能在330℃以上的温度下发生。含氮碱的组成强烈依赖于对该反应选择的物理条件。
B)应用实施例
实施例B1:环氧层合/热压程序
树脂配制剂通过在95℃下将各种量的ECN1280树脂溶于25phr甲氧基-2-丙醇中而制备。向该溶液中加入0.04phr2-甲基咪唑、8.1phr DICY(溶于甲氧基-2-丙醇和DMF的1:1混合物中)和适量的表1所列阻燃剂并均匀分散。
然后将该配制剂热涂敷到一块玻璃布(7628类型)上,在鼓风炉(forceddraft oven)中加热至170℃并保持约1-3分钟。然后将目前已呈非粘性半固化片的纤维切割成7条(~180×180mm),将这些条相互堆叠在隔离夹持器(distance holder)中(以确保制造具有1.5mm均匀厚度的层合体)并在该半固化片堆叠体上下两侧使用两块PTFE板(1mm厚度)。然后将该堆叠体置于热压机上并使堆叠的半固化片在170℃下经受3巴的压力2小时。
然后从压机中取出所得层合体,冷却至环境温度并与隔离夹持器和PTFE板分离。然后通过切除具有不同树脂量的边缘而将该层合体切割成~150×150mm的片,称重,测量其厚度并测定其树脂百分含量。环氧可燃性测试程序
然后将该层合体切割成5条(125×13.0mm),在23℃和50%相对湿度下调节48小时,然后在前面描述的UL-94可燃性测试中测试。在该测试中得到的数据示于表2中。
表2:使用含有不同阻燃组合物的环氧层合体得到的UL94V(1.6mm)测试结果
a)根据IPC-TM-650,2.4.24.1由TMA测定的层离温度;记录使用各层合体的不同样品得到的两个独立测量的结果。
上面所给结果表明本发明树脂组合物与未缩合的蜜胺苯基膦酸氢盐相比呈现改进的热稳定性,同时维持优异的阻燃性能(UL94V-0等级)。所用组分:
硬化剂:双氰胺(DICY);促进剂:2-甲基咪唑,均购自德国Aldrich。
溶剂:甲氧基-2-丙醇,二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),均购自德国Merck Eurolab。
玻璃布:7628类型,德国P-D Interglas Technologies AG
阻燃添加剂:
蜜白胺苯基膦酸氢盐:如上所述制备
Claims (14)
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中R1-R5为氢。
3.一种可以根据权利要求1或2得到的蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物。
5.根据权利要求3-5中任一项的蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物,其在10重量%水淤浆中测量时呈现5或更高的pH值。
6.根据权利要求3-5中任一项的蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物,基于所述蜜胺的重量加上蜜胺缩合产物的重量包含10-100重量%蜜白胺作为蜜胺缩合物。
7.根据权利要求3-6中任一项的蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物,作为蜜胺缩合物包含基于所述蜜胺的重量加上所述醚胺缩合产物的重量为10-100重量%的蜜白胺且包含平均缩合度m为0-30的数的含三价磷的重复单元。
8.一种阻燃性组合物,包含:
a)根据权利要求3-7中任一项的蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物,和
b)聚合物基材。
9.一种赋予聚合物基材以阻燃性的方法,该方法包括将如权利要求3-7中任一项所定义的蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物加入聚合物基材中。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,包括额外加入选自抗滴落剂、聚合物稳定剂和额外阻燃剂的其他添加剂。
11.根据权利要求9或10的方法,其中所述聚合物基材为聚酯、聚酰胺、聚砜或聚碳酸酯基材。
12.根据权利要求9的方法,其中所述聚合物基材选自多官能环氧化合物和硬化剂化合物。
13.根据权利要求3-7中任一项的蜜胺和苯基膦酸的缩合产物作为聚合物用阻燃添加剂的用途。
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US201161451634P | 2011-03-11 | 2011-03-11 | |
US61/451,634 | 2011-03-11 | ||
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EP11157932.2 | 2011-03-11 | ||
PCT/IB2012/051113 WO2012123870A1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2012-03-09 | Condensation products of melamine and phenylphosphonic acid and their use as flame retardants |
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US (1) | US20130338264A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2683727A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2014514282A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20140020280A (zh) |
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Cited By (3)
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CN105669943A (zh) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-15 | 同济大学 | 一种无卤阻燃剂的制备方法及其在硬质聚氨酯泡沫中应用 |
CN110337483A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-10-15 | 株式会社艾迪科 | 阻燃剂组合物及含有其的阻燃性合成树脂组合物 |
CN111087531A (zh) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-05-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 含磷氮阻燃剂及其阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维和制备方法 |
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CN103898744B (zh) * | 2014-04-13 | 2016-02-03 | 北京化工大学 | 一种无卤阻燃不熔融尼龙66织物的制备方法 |
KR102491411B1 (ko) * | 2016-10-13 | 2023-01-20 | 바스프 에스이 | 난연성 폴리아미드 |
US20180155541A1 (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2018-06-07 | Frx Polymers, Inc. | Polymer resins with phosphonate oligomers |
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US4061605A (en) * | 1976-03-03 | 1977-12-06 | Eli Simon | Reaction products of benzenephosphonic acid and melamine as flame-retardant additives |
US4260688A (en) * | 1980-02-08 | 1981-04-07 | Eli Simon | Flame-proofing of flexible polyurethane foamed plastics by post-treatment using aqueous ammoniacal combinations of benzenephosphonic acid/melamine salts and polymeric chlorine-containing latex |
DE3933546A1 (de) * | 1989-10-07 | 1991-04-11 | Bayer Ag | Neue aminomethanphosphonsaeurearylester, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung |
ATE439399T1 (de) * | 2004-05-13 | 2009-08-15 | Basf Se | Flammschutzmittel |
DK2331625T3 (da) * | 2008-09-05 | 2012-04-02 | Thor Gmbh | Flammebeskyttelsespræparat indeholdende et phosphonsyrederivat |
CN102165016B (zh) * | 2008-09-29 | 2014-03-12 | 株式会社钟化 | 固化性组合物及其固化物 |
KR20110084537A (ko) * | 2008-11-24 | 2011-07-25 | 바스프 에스이 | 멜라민 페닐포스피네이트 난연 조성물 |
US8349224B2 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2013-01-08 | BASF SE Ludwigshafen | Melamine phenylphosphonate flame retardant compositions |
US20120108712A1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2012-05-03 | Basf Se | Phenylphosphonate flame retardant compositions |
WO2012043219A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-05 | 東レ株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物およびそれからなる成形品 |
-
2012
- 2012-03-09 KR KR1020137026501A patent/KR20140020280A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-03-09 EP EP12757390.5A patent/EP2683727A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-09 WO PCT/IB2012/051113 patent/WO2012123870A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-09 JP JP2013558544A patent/JP2014514282A/ja active Pending
- 2012-03-09 CN CN2012800128860A patent/CN103415528A/zh active Pending
- 2012-03-09 US US14/002,146 patent/US20130338264A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105669943A (zh) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-15 | 同济大学 | 一种无卤阻燃剂的制备方法及其在硬质聚氨酯泡沫中应用 |
CN110337483A (zh) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-10-15 | 株式会社艾迪科 | 阻燃剂组合物及含有其的阻燃性合成树脂组合物 |
CN111087531A (zh) * | 2018-10-23 | 2020-05-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 含磷氮阻燃剂及其阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维和制备方法 |
CN111087531B (zh) * | 2018-10-23 | 2022-02-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 含磷氮阻燃剂及其阻燃聚丙烯腈纤维和制备方法 |
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EP2683727A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
US20130338264A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
JP2014514282A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
WO2012123870A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
KR20140020280A (ko) | 2014-02-18 |
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