CN103380071A - 用于浸渍处理物体的设备 - Google Patents

用于浸渍处理物体的设备 Download PDF

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CN103380071A
CN103380071A CN2012800096535A CN201280009653A CN103380071A CN 103380071 A CN103380071 A CN 103380071A CN 2012800096535 A CN2012800096535 A CN 2012800096535A CN 201280009653 A CN201280009653 A CN 201280009653A CN 103380071 A CN103380071 A CN 103380071A
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J·罗宾
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    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对物体(3)、特别是车辆车身进行浸渍处理的设备(1),所述物体(3)能够借助输送系统(4)被移动至至少一个浸渍槽(2)和从该浸渍槽(2)移走。为了被降入所述槽和从所述槽被提起,所述物体被置于至少一个静止的转动站(5,6)的转动平台(16)上,并通过转动平台(16)的转动被浸入处理液中或从处理液中移出。每个物体(3)借助于固定装置(11)被固定在与输送系统(8)共同作用的滑板(7)上。固定装置(11)构造为,使得固定于固定装置(11)上的物体(3)在移出位置上与转动平台(16)的距离小于该物体在被浸没的第二位置上与转动平台(16)的距离。以此方式,输送系统(8)运行的高度以及车辆车身(3)移动经过设备(1)的高度低于按照已知方式构造的设备中的高度。

Description

用于浸渍处理物体的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于浸渍处理物体、特别是车辆车身的设备,具有
a)至少一个浸渍槽,所述浸渍槽能够填充有直至特定液位的处理液;
b)输送系统,所述输送系统将物体移到浸渍槽和移离浸渍槽;
c)至少一个静止的转动站,所述转动站设置在浸渍槽处并且具有转动平台,在所述转动平台上可固定相应的至少一个物体,并且所述转动平台能够从物体位于处理液的液位之上的第一位置转动到物体位于处理液的液位之下的第二位置,和/或反向地在所述两个位置之间转动;
其中,
d)每个物体能够借助固定装置被固定在滑板上,所述滑板与所述输送系统协作并且能够被固定在所述转动站的转动平台上,其中,所述滑板具有基本支架和用于所述物体的固定装置。
背景技术
这种设备例如在DE 43 04 145 C1或者EP 0 749 395 B1中进行了描述。其中所使用的滑板基本上本身是刚性结构,在这些刚性结构中,安装在其上的车辆车身不能相对于基本支架运动。转动站的平台(带有车辆车身的滑板安装于其上)通过较长的导杆与各转动站的旋转轴相连。这是为了使车辆车身在旋转180°时实际上处于浸渍槽中的处理液的液位之下所必需的,因为旋转轴本身处于处理液外部。由此使得车辆车身在转动站内部所处的高度较高,这反映在引导车辆车身靠近和远离位置的输送系统中的相应高度水平。然而,这种高度是不期望的,特别是在设备的车辆车身被在相同的滑板上引导通过的上游和下游的部分中。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,将开头所述类型的设备构造为,使得未被浸渍的物体在转动站上的高度位置尽可能低。
该目的根据本发明如此解决,即
e)所述滑板的固定装置构造为,使得所述物体当在所述转动站的转动平台上转动时与滑板的基本支架之间的距离为:固定于所述固定装置上的物体在高出浸渍位置的第一位置中与转动平台的距离小于该物体在被浸没的第二位置中与该转动平台的距离。
根据本发明,舍弃了将车辆车身完全刚性地并且不可动地固定在滑板的基本支架上的传统滑板的概念。取而代之,使物体在转动站中转动时以完全限定的方式在重力作用下——必要时也在主动驱动的作用下——相对于滑板的基本支架自由运动。重力或驱动装置确保物体在高出浸渍位置的位置(物体在该位置处于旋转轴之上)尽可能地靠近滑板的基本支架。然而,在转动平台转动时,赋予固定装置自由度更重要并且允许重力将物体拉离基本支架。在转动180°后,物体在某种程度上“面向下”放置,此时该物体与基本支架并且因此与旋转轴的距离最大。以此方式,尽管转动站的转动平台与旋转轴之间的距离相对较小,也可以使待处理的物体被完全浸入浸渍槽中的处理液的液位之下。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,所述固定装置具有用于所述物体的保持结构,至少两个枢转臂在其一端被铰接在所述保持结构上并且在其另一端与滑板的基本支架连接,从而形成所述保持结构相对于基本支架的平行四边形引导结构。在这种实施方式中,枢转臂在高出浸渍位置的状态下与滑板的基本支架形成锐角,所述锐角在转动平台转动时逐渐变大并且在已转动180°时达到90°的值。
作为一种替代方案,所述保持结构可以通过剪刀形结构或者伸缩装置与基本支架相连。剪刀形结构或伸缩装置也允许保持结构运动并且因此物体在重力作用下相对于基本支架转动到转动平台的特定转动位置中。
此外,有利的是,所述滑板在其滑橇上具有滚子,所述滚子与转动站的转动平台上的导轨协作。以此方式,滑板可以在其通过传统的输送系统被移动的所有的设备区域内不变地使用。而在转动平台上它们的滚子工作,并且所述滚子能够在转动平台的导轨内运动。为了将滑板上移到转动平台上或者从转动平台向下移动,可以使用简单的移动装置。
最后,有利的是,所述固定装置具有缓冲装置,所述缓冲装置制动所述物体在重力的作用下相对于滑板的基本支架的运动。以此方式可以使物体在重力作用下相对于基本支架的运动速度限制在期望的程度。
附图说明
以下参照附图详细阐述本发明的实施例。在附图中:
图1示出用于对车辆车身进行电泳浸渍处理的设备的局部的立体图;
图2示出图1的设备的侧视图;
图3以放大的比例立体地示出用于图1的设备中的、处于第一转动位置中的安装有车辆车身的转动平台;
图4示出图3的侧视图;
图5立体地示出图3中的带有车辆车身的转动平台,但该转动平台被旋转了180°;
图6示出图5的侧视图;
图7以放大的比例示出图1和图2的设备按照图2的剖切线B-B被剖切的剖视图;
图8示出与图7类似的但沿图2的剖切线C-C被剖切的剖视图;
图9示出在图1的设备中使用的安装有车辆车身的可移动的安装支架的立体图;
图10示出图9中的安装支架在不带车辆车身的情况下的侧视图;
图11是安装支架的俯视图;
图12示出不带车辆车身的安装支架的立体图;和
图13示出在将车辆车身浸入漆槽时转动的不同阶段。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中示出局部的、总体上以附图标记1表示的用于对车辆车身进行电泳浸渍处理的设备应理解为用于对车辆车身进行浸渍处理的设备的式例。所述设备包括作为其主要构件的浸渍槽2,所述浸渍槽2在准备好用于操作的状态下填充有直至特定高度的漆。待涂覆的车辆车身3借助输送系统4在图1中从左向右被引导经过设备1。该设备通过两个静止的转动站5、6而被中断,因此输送系统4在浸渍槽2的区域内具有导入区段4a、中间区段4b和导出区段4c。
车辆车身3在输送系统4上借助安装支架7(所谓的“滑板”)被引导通过整个设备,所述安装支架在图10至12中详细示出。这种滑板用于输送车辆车身是已知的。滑板的特点一般在于,它们具有两个固定在基本支架上并且在除了在此描述的设备之外的汽车制造区域内与已知的传送系统、通常为滚子传送系统协作的平行滑橇8、9。为了使在此描述的滑板7也能使用在这些其它区域中,滑板7同样具有这种滑橇8、9。在所示实施例中,所述滑橇8、9通过五根垂直于所述滑橇延伸的杆10相互连接,并在此情况下构成基本支架30。
车辆车身刚性地固定在已知滑板上,即特别是不能相对于滑橇和基本支架运动,在此示出的滑板7具有可相对于基本支架30运动的固定装置11。所述固定装置11包括构成保持结构的矩形框架12,车辆车身3能够按照已知的方式通过常见的紧固装置固定在该保持结构上。这在图9中示出。
框架12以平行四边形引导件的形式通过四个枢转臂13与基本支架相连。这些枢转臂13中的两个铰接地安装在框架12的沿运动方向的后端上并且在它们的相对端处与基本支架30的在图12中的最左边的杆10铰接地连接。另外两个枢转臂13以类似方式铰接在框架12的沿运动方向的前部区域和中间杆10之间。因此,整个布置结构为:当枢转臂13枢转时,固定装置的框架12能够平行于框架本身并垂直于基本支架30运动,该枢转运动当然也造成了框架12的一定程度的平移运动。
在此使用的滑板7与已知滑板的另一区别在于,在滑橇8、9的指向外的侧面上安装有滚子14。
两个转动站5、6原则上按照相同方式构造,因此根据图3至图8以及图13对位于图1和图2左侧的转动站5的结构和运行方式进行描述即可,所述转动站用于将车辆车身3浸入位于浸渍槽2中的漆中。
转动站5的结构相对较简单。转动站5包括两个较短的、对齐的并且横向于传送方向延伸的转动轴17(特别是参见图5),转动轴17在浸渍槽2的两侧被安装在轴承座中,如从图1和图2可见的那样。轴承座18固定在特别是也承载整个输送系统4的钢结构19上。每个转动轴17与导轨20连接,使得转动轴17不能相对于沿输送系统4的运动方向定向的具有这种廓形的导轨20转动。两个导轨20彼此具有能够容纳滑橇8、9的间距。在这种情况下,滑板7的滑橇8、9上的滚子14在导轨20的内表面上运行。借助两个布置在浸渍槽2的相对侧上的带变速器的电机21能够使两个转动轴17同步地转动。以此方式,两个转动轴17和两个导轨20构成在此称为“转动平台”16的功能单元。因此,两个导轨20也可以刚性地相互连接。转动平台16的所述实施方式的优点是,在位于转动轴17之间的中间区域内具有可作它用的空间。
输送系统4的区段4a、4b和4c构造为传统的滚道传送带。车辆车身朝向或者远离转动平台16的运动借助在此未详细示出的移动机构实现,所述移动机构借助链条驱动的传动器作用在滑板7上。
转动平台16的导轨20在其上侧分别具有止挡22。滑板7的基本支架同样在相对侧上具有止挡23,止挡23从侧面向外地伸出滑橇8、9,使得止挡23能够与转动平台16的导轨20的止挡22协作。
上述设备的运行方式如下:
借助输送系统4的导入区段4a从在图1和图2中示出的左侧输送待涂装的车辆车身3。在该过程中,车辆车身安装在固定装置11上,更确切地说安装在固定装置的框架12上。在侧视图中由框架12、枢转臂13和滑板7的基本支架30构成的平行四边形处于被折平状态,如从图9和图10可见的那样。因此,以尽可能小的高度通过输送系统4输送车身3。
当车辆车身3进入第一转动站5的区域内时,上面提到的但未示出的移动系统继续输送载有车辆车身3的滑板7并将其移动到该转动站5的转动平台16上。在该过程中,滑板7的滑橇8、9被引入转动平台16的导轨20内;同时,滑橇8、9的外侧上的滚子14在导轨20的内部滚动。滑板7以及固定于其上的车辆车身3被推到转动平台16上,直至滑板7上的止挡23抵靠在转动平台16上的止挡22上。然后在必要时可按适当方式将滑板7锁定在转动平台16上。则现在进入由图3和图4所示的状态。
现在为带变速器的电机21通电,使得转动平台16开始沿顺时针转动。在此,转动平台16转过180°的角度。如图13的上面一排的各附图所示,在到达约90°的位置之前,固定装置11的框架12与滑板7的基本支架30之间的平行四边形保持“折叠”。如果现在继续转动运动,则平行四边形在重力作用下开始打开,如图13左下方的转动角为135°的附图所示。如果已达到180°的完全转动角,则平行四边形变成矩形;固定装置11的框架12现在与滑板7的基本支架30之间的间距最大,该最大间距对应于枢转臂13的长度。如果将图13的0°时和180°(v=0)时的附图进行比较,则可以看出,未被浸渍的车辆车身3(0°)沿垂直方向与转动平台16的间距比车辆车身3处于完全被浸没状态(180°)下的该间距小很多。
车辆车身3可按需在被浸没位置(转动角为180°)保持一段时间。车辆车身和承载其的滑板7迟早会借助类似的移动机构以悬置位置移动到输送系统4的中间区段4b处。它在该处按照传统方式继续运动,移动经过位于浸渍槽2中的漆。
由于漆的粘性使框架12与滑板7的基本支架30之间的平行四边形会处于略微倾斜的位置,这在图13的下面一排的位于中间的附图中示出。
在车辆车身3以该悬置位置穿过输送系统4的中间区段4b之后,该车辆车身再次借助移动机构移动到第二转动站6的转动平台16上。该第二转动站6的转动平台16借助于相关的带变速器的电机21开始沿与第一转动站5中的转动方向相反的方向、即逆时针地转动。然而,原则上也可以设想,在车辆车身3浮出时沿与浸渍时相同的转动方向进行转动运动。
当车辆车身3再次到达其在第二转动站6的转动平台16上的浮出的基本水平的位置后,可以借助另一未示出的移动机构将车辆车身3移动到输送系统4的导出区段4c上并且在该处以传统方式继续被输送。
在电泳浸渍处理设备1的所述部分上游和下游可以设置各种同样具有用某些处理液填充的浸渍槽的其它处理站,并且车辆车身3以与上边针对电泳浸渍槽所述的方式相同的方式被引导通过这些处理站。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于浸渍处理物体、特别是车辆车身的设备,具有
a)至少一个浸渍槽,所述浸渍槽能够填充有直至特定液位的处理液;
b)输送系统,所述输送系统将物体移到浸渍槽和移离浸渍槽;
c)至少一个静止的转动站,所述转动站设置在浸渍槽处并且具有转动平台,在所述转动平台上能固定有相应的至少一个物体,并且所述转动平台能够从物体位于处理液的液位之上的第一位置转动到物体位于处理液的液位之下的第二位置,和/或反向地在所述两个位置之间转动;
其中,
d)每个物体能够被固定在滑板上,所述滑板与所述输送系统协作并且能够被固定在所述转动站的转动平台上,其中,所述滑板具有基本支架和用于所述物体的固定装置;
其特征在于,
e)所述滑板(7)的固定装置(11)构造为,使得所述物体(3)当在所述转动站(5,6)的转动平台(16)上转动时与所述滑板(7)的基本支架(30)之间的距离改变,从而使固定于所述固定装置(11)上的物体(3)在高出浸渍位置的第一位置中与转动平台(16)的距离小于该物体在被浸没的第二位置中与该转动平台(16)的距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述固定装置(11)具有用于所述物体(3)的保持结构(12),至少两个枢转臂(13)在其一端被附接在所述保持结构(12)上并且在其另一端与滑板(7)的基本支架(30)铰接地连接,从而形成所述保持结构(12)相对于所述基本支架(30)的平行四边形引导结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述固定装置具有用于所述物体的保持结构,所述保持结构通过剪刀形结构与滑板的基本支架相连。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述固定装置具有用于所述物体的保持支架,所述保持支架通过伸缩装置与所述基本支架相连。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备,其特征在于,所述滑板(7)在其滑橇(8,9)上具有滚子(14),所述滚子与转动站(5,6)的转动平台(16)上的导轨(20)协作。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的设备,其特征在于,所述固定装置(11)具有缓冲装置,所述缓冲装置抑制所述物体(3)在重力的作用下相对于滑板(7)的基本支架(30)的运动。
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