CN103355508B - Special nutrient block for dairy cows in Qinghai-Xizang region and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special nutrient block for dairy cows in Qinghai-Xizang region and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103355508B CN103355508B CN201210084921.1A CN201210084921A CN103355508B CN 103355508 B CN103355508 B CN 103355508B CN 201210084921 A CN201210084921 A CN 201210084921A CN 103355508 B CN103355508 B CN 103355508B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a special nutrient block for dairy cows in Qinghai-Xizang region and a preparation method thereof. The special nutrient block for dairy cows in the Qinghai-Xizang region comprises the following components in parts by weight: 600-800 parts of salt, 80-130 parts of bentonite, 5-8 parts of copper sulfate which contains 25% of copper by mass ratio, 6-9 parts of zinc sulfate which contains 34.5% of zinc by mass ratio, 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate which contains 31.8% of manganese by mass ratio, 14-20 parts of potassium iodide which contains 2% of potassium by mass ratio, 3-6 parts of sodium selenite which contains 1% of sodium by mass ratio, 1-8 parts of cobalt chloride which contains 1% of cobalt by mass ratio, 3-7 parts of ferrous sulfate which contains 30% of iron by mass ratio and 80-130 parts of molasses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of micro-element nutrition being specifically designed to Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region milk cow and lick brick and preparation method thereof.Molasses, bentonite, salt, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulphate, cobalt chloride, KI and sodium selenite is had in nutrition lap brick of the present invention.
Background technology
The serious imbalance of seasonality supply of Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region herbage, special geologic structure, soil types, climate characteristic, vegetation pattern etc. are the key factor affecting soil-herbage-milk cow mineral system.Qinghai-Tibet Platean low temperature environment makes soil microbial activities lower, organic substance decomposing is slow, readily available nutrient of soil content is low, particularly soluble salt content is lower, and herbage content of ashes is low, and therefore milk cow grows part mineral element insufficiency of intake as general in copper, iron, zinc, selenium etc. required, lick the allotriophagy phenomenons such as native hair quite serious, and the various disease of the uneven easily generation of mineral element in body, abuse of antibiotics is more, has a strong impact on the quality generation of meat and milk.Therefore under the double action of soil mineral nutrient and Forage Germplasm Resources, milk cow poor growth, trace element in Contents in Cows, mineral element lacks the nutrition metabolic diseases caused has become the subject matter affecting Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region milk cattle cultivating benefit and dairy product quality.And the mode that feeding micro-element nutrition licks brick to supplement the trace element that milk cow lacks be one of effective nutritional supplementation method.
China animal husbandry worker carries out, in a large number about milk cow mine trace element licks the relevant test of brick, achieving certain achievement.Now there is multiple brick technology of licking open.As Chinese patent 200810003630.9 provide a kind of be used for the treatment of animal nutrient metabolism disease lick brick, this patent is licked in brick containing molasses 250 ~ 300g, urea 100 ~ 150g at per kilogram, salt 200 ~ 250g, quick lime 50 ~ 70g, wheat bran 70 ~ 75g, bentonite 200 ~ 250g, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 125 ~ 150g, zinc sulfate 5.2 ~ 7.145g, copper sulphate 2 ~ 3g, KI 0.7 ~ 0.815g, sodium selenite 0.7 ~ 0.87g, cobalt chloride 0.5 ~ 0.65g, vitamin 50g, expelling parasite digestive powder 100g.
Chinese patent 200610146615.0 provides a kind of compounding nutrition mineral block for ruminant and preparation technology thereof, per kilogram is licked in brick containing calcium monohydrogen phosphate 219 ~ 328g, Zn-ef ficiency 2.5 ~ 3.75g, copper 0.75 ~ 1.125g, I 0.025 ~ 0.038g, selenium element 0.02 ~ 0.03g, cobalt element 0.01 ~ 0.015g, salt 250g, urea 150g, curing agent 70 ~ 100g and binding agent 200 ~ 300g.This patent of invention designs for Ningxia, China ruminant.
Chinese patent 200510088027.1 provides a kind of nutrient-balance composite licking brick for cattle and sheep and preparation technology, per kilogram licks brick sulfur acid zinc 0.15 ~ 0.3g, copper sulphate 0.1 ~ 0.2g, manganese sulfate 0.2 ~ 0.3g, sodium selenite 0.01 ~ 0.02g, KI 0.01 ~ 0.3g, cobalt chloride 0.03 ~ 0.06g, magnesia 0.1 ~ 0.3g, nano zine oxide and copper sulphate mixing 0.02 ~ 0.04g, sodium sulphate 30 ~ 150g, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 40 ~ 80g, nicotinate chromium 0.2 ~ 1g, carrier 50 ~ 200g, salt 150 ~ 300g, curing agent 200 ~ 300g, molasses 20 ~ 80g, urea 50 ~ 200g, expanded corn powder 20 ~ 80g, physiological regulating control agent 20 ~ 80g, vitamin premix 10 ~ 60g.
Chinese patent 200510088028.1 provides a kind of mineral substance composite licking brick for cattle and sheep and preparation technology thereof, per kilogram licks brick sulfur acid ferrous iron 0.15 ~ 0.3g, zinc sulfate 0.15 ~ 0.3g, copper sulphate 0.1 ~ 0.2g, manganese sulfate 0.2 ~ 0.3g, sodium selenite 0.01 ~ 0.02g, KI 0.05 ~ 0.3g, cobalt chloride 0.03 ~ 0.08g, magnesia 0.1 ~ 0.3g, nano zine oxide and cupric sulphate mixture 0.02 ~ 0.03g, nicotinate chromium 6 ~ 10g, sodium sulphate 30 ~ 150g, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 40 ~ 100g, salt 200 ~ 400g, curing agent 200 ~ 400g, carrier 50 ~ 200g, molasses 30 ~ 70g, mineral matter and carrier are stirred and evenly mixed and add salt and red glue soil and stir, then add molasses stir after compressing and get final product.
Above prior art is the ruminant special feed for low altitude area, do not consider the feature in High aititude and hypoxemia area, particularly Qinghai-Tibet geologic structure, soil types, climate characteristic, vegetation pattern, therefore above-mentioned technology cannot solve hypoxemia high altitude localities the specific territorial environment in Qinghai-Tibet Platean in Problems existing in dairy cow nutrition supplementary feeding.In current Qinghai-Tibet milk cattle cultivating process, there is main plant resource crude protein deficiency and digestibility is low, mine trace element is uneven, the problem of abuse of antibiotics.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides one and can overcome prior art deficiency, be applicable to the milk cow of Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region, selenium, copper that Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region is in extremely deficiency state can be solved, the trace elements such as manganese, zinc, iodine, cobalt, supplement the nutrition lap brick of the trace element required for milk cow.
Component and the formulation weight ratio of Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick are: salt 600-800 part, bentonite 80-130 part, copper sulphate 5-8 part of cupric mass ratio 25%, containing zinc sulfate 6-9 part of zinc mass ratio 34.5%, containing manganese sulfate 3-5 part of manganese mass ratio 31.8%, containing KI 14-20 part of potassium mass ratio 2%, containing sodium selenite 3-6 part of sodium mass ratio 1%, containing cobalt mass ratio 1% cobalt chloride 1-8 part, ferrous sulfate 3-7 part of iron content mass ratio 30%, molasses 80-130 part.
The selection of the present invention to added mineral element amount is in mensuration Qinghai, 226 portions, Tibet forage, after 30 parts of water samples and 180 cow head Trace Elements in Bloods, take into full account the background values in the local fodder grass in Qinghai and water sample, again through feeding experiment, finally determine after continuous adjustment formula rate, avoid the interpolation of unnecessary element, not only can reduce trace element interpolation cost but also can prevent from causing the excessive pollution to environment because blindly adding, the Mineral Concentrations ratio in Contents in Cows can be regulated better simultaneously, the production performance of animal is made to obtain maximum performance, result of the test Be very effective.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe in detail below in conjunction with embodiment:
Component and the formulation weight ratio of Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick are: salt 600-800 part, bentonite 80-130 part, copper sulphate 5-8 part of cupric mass ratio 25%, containing zinc sulfate 6-9 part of zinc mass ratio 34.5%, containing manganese sulfate 3-5 part of manganese mass ratio 31.8%, containing KI 14-20 part of potassium mass ratio 2%, containing sodium selenite 3-6 part of sodium mass ratio 1%, containing cobalt mass ratio 1% cobalt chloride 0-8 part, ferrous sulfate 3-7 part of iron content mass ratio 30%, molasses 80-130 part.
The brick preparation method that licks of the present invention is:
1. salt pulverize add bentonite in proportion, trace element enters stainless steel mixer, mixes stand-by.
2. the raw material of mixing is transferred to another stainless steel mixer, adds molasses, stir.
3. weigh accurately: the raw material weighing 5kg that secondary is mixed.
4. put install raw material mould under 100 tons of hydraulic presses, compacting, the demoulding, taking-up lick brick.
5. the brick of licking made is round pie, and heavy 5kg, diameter is 180mm ± 5mm, and thickness is 110mm ± 5mm.：
The detailed process that preparation 1000kg milk cow trace element licks brick is:
A takes copper sulphate (25%) 8.00kg, zinc sulfate (34.5%) 8.70kg, manganese sulfate (31.8%) 4.70kg, KI (2%) 20.00kg, sodium selenite (1%) 6kg, cobalt chloride (1%) 8kg, ferrous sulfate (30%) 6.60kg, places mixing and stirring in ball mill by above-mentioned substance.
B takes salt 735kg, bentonite 123kg, adds stainless steel mixer together with above-mentioned trace element, mixes stand-by.
2. the raw material of mixing is transferred to another stainless steel mixer, adds molasses 80kg, stir.
3. by secondary mix raw material weighing 5kg, insert mould under 100 tons of hydraulic presses, compacting, the demoulding, taking-up lick brick, suppress 200 pieces.
Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick is tested the impact of milk cow production performance
1 materials and methods
1.1 lick brick for examination milk cow micro-element nutrition
This is tested Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick used and is developed by Lanzhou Livestock and Animal Drug Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, and Chinese Veterinarian Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences pharmaceutical factory produces.Its composition is as aforementioned, and it is cylindric for licking brick, the heavy 5kg of every block.
1.2 test sites and confession examination cows
Select Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province Yunxiang cattle farm, to 60 milking cows, age-based, parity etc. is divided into test group and control group at random, often organizes 30, and age of 2 groups of milk cows, parity, the output of milk, body weight and health status are close, see in table 1.
Table 1 is for examination cows basic condition
1.3 experimental design
Test adopts single-factor design, selects low yield, middle product and high yield cow totally 60, is divided into two groups at random.
1.4 test method
In test Niu Caiyong totally-enclosed drylot feeding, jube location is raised, control group fed basal diet, and test group is fed basal diet, supplementary feeding Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick, and every 2 oxen 1 piece lick arbitrarily; Fine fodder is fed and is adopted basestocks (every every day 2kg)+material of giving milk (producing 3 kilograms of milk confession 1kg to expect) to feed by head, ensilage rule of thumb supply every every day silage corn 15kg, brewex's grains 6kg, cortex of Rhizoma Dioscoreae 3kg straw 3kg, sheep's hay 2kg free choice feeding, by head metering, freely drink water, day feeding milk for 3 times 3 times; Cow in milk daily ration configures according to Chinese holstein cattle feeding standard; The every 10d of duration of test surveys 1 milk amount, and every 20d gathers milk sample and analyzes butterfat percnetage, lactoprotein and milk somatic cell number.The incidence of disease of statistics milk cow Major Nutrient metabolic disease before and after experiment.
1.5 sample analysis
Analysis of milk composition adopts analysis of milk composition instrument (Denmark's FOX)
Somatic number adopts somatic cell counting instrument (Dutch DELTA).
1.6 data processing
Spss10.0 is adopted to carry out statistical disposition to all data.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking bricks are on the impact of milk yield
Result of the test in table 2. as can be seen from Table 2, it is best that Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick centering produces Niu Xiaoguo, the average daily output of milk of test group significantly improves 12.1% (p < 0.05) than control group, and low-yield cattle and high yield ox compared with control group without significant difference (p > 0.05).
Table 2 milk cow micro-element nutrition licks the impact of brick on the average daily output of milk
Note: * represents and compares significant difference (P < 0.05) with control group
2.2 Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking bricks are on the impact of milk-quality
Result of the test is in table 3, table 4.As can be seen from table 3, table 4, in test group the horizontal butter fat amount of product and Milk protein yield comparatively control group significantly improve 17.14% and 12.78% (p < 0.05) respectively.For examination milk in somatic number before the test after decline all to some extent, test group difference give milk level for examination milk in somatic number extremely remarkable in control group (p < 0.01).
Table 3 milk cow micro-element nutrition licks the impact of brick on milk quality
Note: * represents and compares significant difference (P < 0.05) with control group, and * * represents and compares difference extremely significantly (P < 0.01) with control group
Table 4 milk cow micro-element nutrition licks the impact of brick on milk quality
Note: * represents and compares significant difference (P < 0.05) with control group, and * * represents and compares difference extremely significantly (P < 0.01) with control group
2.3 Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking bricks are on the impact of efficiency of feed utilization
Result of the test is in table 5.As can be seen from Table 5, test group milk feed ratio lower than control group, but without significant difference (p > 0.05).
Table 5 milk cow micro-element nutrition licks the impact of brick on efficiency of feed utilization
2.4 Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking bricks are on the impact of milk cow main metabolic disease
Result of the test is in table 6.As can be seen from Table 6, Qinghai-Tibet milk cow special microelement nutrition lap brick of the present invention significantly can reduce the incidence of disease of milk cow main metabolic sick retention of afterbirth, allotriophagy, postpartum paralysis and endometritis.
Table 6 milk cow micro-element nutrition licks the impact of brick on milk cow main metabolic disease
3 conclusions and discussion
This result of the test shows, milking cow daily yielding during Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick can increase, and comparatively control group increases by 12.1%.But affect little on high yield and low milking cow.While the raising cow in milk output of milk, significantly can improve milk quality, reduce the incidence of disease of milk cow Major Nutrient metabolic disease.Think the growth and breeding efficiency that can improve rumen microorganism to milk cow microelement-supplementing, thus contribute to the synthesis of microprotein, finally improve lactoprotein and butterfat percnetage.
Of the present inventionly lick brick safety evaluatio
Acute toxicity test: the security of licking brick for evaluating milk cow micro-element nutrition, by the Kunming kind healthy mice 70 (male and female half and half) of body weight (18.2 ± 3.8) g in 8 week age in age, be divided into 7 groups at random, 1 control group, 6 dose drug groups.Pulverized by Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick, cross 120 mesh sieves, press the dosage gavage of 5g/kg, 10g/kg, 20g/kg, 40g/kg, 60g/kg, 80g/kg respectively, observe 7 days, record dead mouse number, tries to achieve LD
50for 65.2g/kg, the credibility interval of 95% is 17.5 ~ 68.5g/kg.
Long term toxicity test: the mouse of above-mentioned equal conditions 70, often organizes 10, respectively with LD
501/9,1/8,1/7,1/6,1/5,1/4 dosage be added in mouse daily ration, and establish a control group, feed 3 months.Result: (1), in 10d, small white mouse weightening finish is negative correlation with addition; (2) liver and blood sample medium trace element content are all proportionate with additive capacity; (3) when testing 90d, control group and test group mouse are all without obviously visible pathological change.Basis of microscopic observation: 1/4LD
50dosage group mouse liver cell be granular degeneration, karyopyknosis, necrosis, part plasmolysis forms cavity, and nucleus propagation obviously, expand by central vein.Glomerulus is congested, expansion, renal tubule luminal stenosis or closed, epithelial cell swelling, wall of the lumen cell degeneration.
Conclusion: micro-element nutrition licks brick can significantly improve milk cow production performance, improves dairy products quality, reduces the incidence of disease of milk cow Major Nutrient metabolic disease; The micro-element nutrition of suitable dosage licks the grown facilitation of brick to small white mouse, and the micro-element nutrition of high dose is licked brick and then affected it and grow, and can cause histocyte damage in various degree.
Mouse toxicity test shows, when the dosage of Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick is 42.3g/kg, in 90d, mouse tissue structure does not find obvious pathological change; LD
50for 65.2g/kg, the credibility interval of 95% is 17.5 ~ 68.5g/kg.
From above test, Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region of the present invention milk cow special nutrition licking brick effectively can improve Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow body weight, increases day milk yield, obviously improves milk-quality, effectively reduces the incidence of disease of milk cow Major Nutrient metabolic disease.
Claims (1)
1. Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick, it is characterized in that component and formulation weight part are: salt 600-800 part, bentonite 80-130 part, copper sulphate 5-8 part of cupric mass ratio 25%, containing zinc sulfate 6-9 part of zinc mass ratio 34.5%, containing manganese sulfate 3-5 part of manganese mass ratio 31.8%, containing KI 14-20 part of potassium mass ratio 2%, containing sodium selenite 3-6 part of sodium mass ratio 1%, containing cobalt chloride 1-8 part of cobalt mass ratio 1%, ferrous sulfate 3-7 part of iron content mass ratio 30%, molasses 80-130 part.
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| CN201210084921.1A CN103355508B (en) | 2012-03-27 | 2012-03-27 | Special nutrient block for dairy cows in Qinghai-Xizang region and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103355508B true CN103355508B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103734545B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-05-20 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | High-calcium nutritional lick block for treating antenatal and postnatal paresis of milk cows and preparation method of high-calcium nutritional lick block |
| CN103750053B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-04-08 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Trace-element block special for calves and preparation method of trace-element block |
| CN103989026B (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2016-01-20 | 北京东方联鸣科技发展有限公司 | A kind of anti-oxidant, anti-pollution milk cow composite nutrient licking brick and application thereof |
| CN104186975A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-10 | 中盐东兴盐化股份有限公司 | Nutritional supplement salt for sheep |
| CN104206708A (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2014-12-17 | 中盐东兴盐化股份有限公司 | Salt-containing livestock feed additive |
| CN104938790A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-30 | 甘肃天利达生物科技有限责任公司 | Mineral trace element nutrition lick block for cattle and sheep |
| CN105028987A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-11-11 | 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 | Compound-polysacchariderace-enriched trace element licking block special for dairy cattle and preparation method for compound-polysacchariderace-enriched trace element licking block |
| CN113080322A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-09 | 迪赛(天津)科技发展有限公司 | Special hoof-protecting type and breeding type multi-element nutrition licking brick for dairy cows and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101224280B (en) * | 2008-01-11 | 2011-01-26 | 杨奇 | Lick brick for treating animal nutrient metabolism disease |
| CN101791069B (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2012-06-27 | 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Novel high-energy molasses lick block and preparation method thereof |
| CN101971936B (en) * | 2010-11-13 | 2012-10-03 | 兰州大学 | Special compound additive lick brick for Tibetan sheep |
| CN101978856B (en) * | 2010-11-13 | 2013-04-17 | 兰州大学 | Complex nutrient additive block special for yaks |
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