CN103355508A - Special nutrient block for dairy cows in Qinghai-Xizang region and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Special nutrient block for dairy cows in Qinghai-Xizang region and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103355508A
CN103355508A CN2012100849211A CN201210084921A CN103355508A CN 103355508 A CN103355508 A CN 103355508A CN 2012100849211 A CN2012100849211 A CN 2012100849211A CN 201210084921 A CN201210084921 A CN 201210084921A CN 103355508 A CN103355508 A CN 103355508A
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mass ratio
qinghai
parts
milk
brick
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CN103355508B (en
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刘永明
齐志明
王胜义
刘世祥
潘虎
荔霞
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Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine CAAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a special nutrient block for dairy cows in Qinghai-Xizang region and a preparation method thereof. The special nutrient block for dairy cows in the Qinghai-Xizang region comprises the following components in parts by weight: 600-800 parts of salt, 80-130 parts of bentonite, 5-8 parts of copper sulfate which contains 25% of copper by mass ratio, 6-9 parts of zinc sulfate which contains 34.5% of zinc by mass ratio, 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate which contains 31.8% of manganese by mass ratio, 14-20 parts of potassium iodide which contains 2% of potassium by mass ratio, 3-6 parts of sodium selenite which contains 1% of sodium by mass ratio, 1-8 parts of cobalt chloride which contains 1% of cobalt by mass ratio, 3-7 parts of ferrous sulfate which contains 30% of iron by mass ratio and 80-130 parts of molasses.

Description

Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of micro-element nutrition that is specifically designed to the Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region milk cow and lick brick and preparation method thereof.Molasses, bentonite, salt, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulphate, cobalt chloride, KI and sodium selenite are arranged in the nutrition lap brick of the present invention.
Background technology
The seasonality of Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region herbage is supplied with serious uneven, special geologic structure, soil types, climate characteristic, vegetation pattern etc. and is the key factor that affects soil-herbage-milk cow mineral matter system.The Qinghai-Tibet Platean low temperature environment makes soil microbial activities lower, organic substance decomposing is slow, readily available nutrient of soil content is low, particularly soluble salt content is lower, and the herbage content of ashes is low, so milk cow grows the part mineral element essential such as the general insufficiency of intakes such as copper, iron, zinc, selenium, lick allotriophagy phenomenon such as soil hair etc. quite serious, and the uneven various diseases that easily produces of mineral element in the body, abuse of antibiotics is more, the quality of meat and milk is produced have a strong impact on.Therefore under the double action of soil mineral nutrient and Forage Germplasm Resources, the Nutrition and Metabolism disease that trace element, mineral element shortage cause in the milk cow poor growth, Contents in Cows has become the subject matter that affects Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region milk cattle cultivating benefit and dairy product quality.To replenish the trace element that milk cow lacks be one of effective nutritional supplementation method and feeding micro-element nutrition is licked the mode of brick.
China animal husbandry worker has carried out a large amount of relevant milk cow mine trace elements and has licked the relevant test of brick, has obtained certain achievement.Now there has been the multiple brick technology of licking open.Provide a kind of brick of licking that is used for the treatment of animal nutrient metabolism disease such as Chinese patent 200810003630.9, this patent is licked at per kilogram and is contained molasses 250~300g in the brick, urea 100~150g, salt 200~250g, quick lime 50~70g, wheat bran 70~75g, bentonite 200~250g, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 125~150g, zinc sulfate 5.2~7.145g, copper sulphate 2~3g, KI 0.7~0.815g, sodium selenite 0.7~0.87g, cobalt chloride 0.5~0.65g, vitamin 50g, expelling parasite digestive powder 100g.
Chinese patent 200610146615.0 provides a kind of compounding nutrition mineral block for ruminant and preparation technology thereof, per kilogram is licked and is contained calcium monohydrogen phosphate 219~328g in the brick, zinc element 2.5~3.75g, copper 0.75~1.125g, I 0.025~0.038g, selenium element 0.02~0.03g, cobalt element 0.01~0.015g, salt 250g, urea 150g, curing agent 70~100g and binding agent 200~300g.This patent of invention is to design for the Ningxia, China ruminant.
Chinese patent 200510088027.1 provides a kind of nutrient-balance composite licking brick for cattle and sheep and preparation technology, per kilogram is licked brick sulfur acid zinc 0.15~0.3g, copper sulphate 0.1~0.2g, manganese sulfate 0.2~0.3g, sodium selenite 0.01~0.02g, KI 0.01~0.3g, cobalt chloride 0.03~0.06g, magnesia 0.1~0.3g, nano zine oxide and copper sulphate mix 0.02~0.04g, sodium sulphate 30~150g, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 40~80g, nicotinate chromium 0.2~1g, carrier 50~200g, salt 150~300g, curing agent 200~300g, molasses 20~80g, urea 50~200g, expanded corn powder 20~80g, physiological regulating control agent 20~80g, vitamin premix 10~60g.
Chinese patent 200510088028.1 provides a kind of mineral substance composite licking brick for cattle and sheep and preparation technology thereof, per kilogram is licked brick sulfur acid ferrous iron 0.15~0.3g, zinc sulfate 0.15~0.3g, copper sulphate 0.1~0.2g, manganese sulfate 0.2~0.3g, sodium selenite 0.01~0.02g, KI 0.05~0.3g, cobalt chloride 0.03~0.08g, magnesia 0.1~0.3g, nano zine oxide and cupric sulphate mixture 0.02~0.03g, nicotinate chromium 6~10g, sodium sulphate 30~150g, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 40~100g, salt 200~400g, curing agent 200~400g, carrier 50~200g, molasses 30~70g; Mineral matter and carrier stirred and evenly mixed add salt and red glue soil stirs, add again molasses and stir rear compressing and get final product.
Above prior art is the ruminant special feed for the low altitude area, do not consider the characteristics in high height above sea level and hypoxemia area, particularly Qinghai-Tibet geologic structure, soil types, climate characteristic, vegetation pattern, therefore above-mentioned technology can't solve the problem that exists in the dairy cow nutrition supplementary feeding in the Qinghai-Tibet specific territorial environment of hypoxemia high altitude localities.In the present Qinghai-Tibet milk cattle cultivating process, exist main plant resource crude protein deficiency and digestibility is low, mine trace element is uneven, the problem of abuse of antibiotics.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of prior art deficiency that overcomes, be applicable to the milk cow of Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region, Qinghai-xizang Plateau Region be can solve and extremely selenium, the copper of deficiency state, the trace elements such as manganese, zinc, iodine, cobalt, the nutrition lap brick of the additional needed trace element of milk cow are in.
The component of Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention and formulation weight ratio are: salt 600-800 part, bentonite 80-130 part, copper sulphate 5-8 part of cupric mass ratio 25%, the zinc sulfate 6-9 part that contains zinc mass ratio 34.5% contains manganese sulfate 3-5 part of manganese mass ratio 31.8%, contains KI 14-20 part of potassium mass ratio 2%, the sodium selenite 3-6 part that contains sodium mass ratio 1%, contain cobalt mass ratio 1% cobalt chloride 1-8 part, ferrous sulfate 3-7 part of iron content mass ratio 30%, molasses 80-130 part.
The present invention is to measure Qinghai to the selection of mineral element amount adding, the 226 portions of forages in Tibet, behind 30 parts of water samples and the 180 cow head Trace Elements in Bloods, taken into full account the background values in the local fodder grass in Qinghai and the water sample, pass through again feeding experiment, finally determine after constantly adjusting formula rate, avoided the interpolation of unnecessary element, not only can reduce trace element interpolation cost but also can prevent from causing excessive pollution to environment because blindly adding, can regulate better simultaneously the Mineral Concentrations ratio in the Contents in Cows, make the production performance of animal obtain maximum performance, the result of the test effect is remarkable.
The specific embodiment
Describe in detail below in conjunction with embodiment:
The component of Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention and formulation weight ratio are: salt 600-800 part, bentonite 80-130 part, copper sulphate 5-8 part of cupric mass ratio 25%, the zinc sulfate 6-9 part that contains zinc mass ratio 34.5% contains manganese sulfate 3-5 part of manganese mass ratio 31.8%, contains KI 14-20 part of potassium mass ratio 2%, the sodium selenite 3-6 part that contains sodium mass ratio 1%, contain cobalt mass ratio 1% cobalt chloride 0-8 part, ferrous sulfate 3-7 part of iron content mass ratio 30%, molasses 80-130 part.
The brick preparation method that licks of the present invention is:
1. the salt pulverizing adds bentonite in proportion, trace element enters the stainless steel mixer, and mixing is stand-by.
2. the raw material with mixing is transferred to another stainless steel mixer, adds molasses, stirs.
3. weighing is accurate: with the raw material weighing 5kg of secondary mixing.
4. put install raw material mould under 100 tons of hydraulic presses, compacting, the demoulding, taking-up lick brick.
5. the brick of licking of making is round pie, heavy 5kg, and diameter is 180mm ± 5mm, thickness is 110mm ± 5mm.:
The detailed process that preparation 1000kg milk cow trace element is licked brick is:
A takes by weighing copper sulphate (25%) 8.00kg, zinc sulfate (34.5%) 8.70kg, manganese sulfate (31.8%) 4.70kg, KI (2%) 20.00kg, sodium selenite (1%) 6kg, cobalt chloride (1%) 8kg, ferrous sulfate (30%) 6.60kg places mixing and stirring in the ball mill with above-mentioned substance.
B takes by weighing salt 735kg, and bentonite 123kg adds the stainless steel mixer together with above-mentioned trace element, and mixing is stand-by.
2. the raw material with mixing is transferred to another stainless steel mixer, adds molasses 80kg, stirs.
3. the raw material weighing 5kg that secondary is mixed, insert mould under 100 tons of hydraulic presses, compacting, the demoulding, taking-up lick brick, suppress 200.
Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention is on the impact test of milk cow production performance
1 materials and methods
1.1 lick brick for examination milk cow micro-element nutrition
The used Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of this test is developed by Lanzhou Livestock and Animal Drug Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, and Chinese Veterinarian Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences pharmaceutical factory produces.Its composition such as aforementioned is licked brick and is cylindric, every heavy 5kg.
1.2 test site and confession examination cows
Select Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province Yunxiang cattle farm, to 60 He Sitan cows in milk, age-based, parity etc. is divided into test group and control group at random, and 30 every group, the age of 2 groups of milk cows, parity, the output of milk, body weight and health status are close, referring to seeing Table 1.
Table 1 is for examination cows basic condition
Figure BSA00000691786200041
1.3 experimental design
The single-factor design is adopted in test, selects totally 60 of low yield, middle product and high yield cows, is divided at random two groups.
1.4 test method
Raise the jube location in the test Niu Caiyong totally-enclosed drylot feeding, the control group fed basal diet, and the test group basal diet of feeding, supplementary feeding Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow of the present invention special nutrition licking brick, 1 of per 2 ox lick arbitrarily; Fine fodder is fed and is adopted basestocks (every every day 2kg)+material of giving milk (producing 3 kilograms of milk for the 1kg material) to pursue to feed, ensilage rule of thumb supply every every day silage corn 15kg, brewex's grains 6kg, cortex of Rhizoma Dioscoreae 3kg straw 3kg, sheep's hay 2kg free choice feeding, by the head metering, freely to drink water, a day feeding is milked for 3 times 3 times; The cow in milk daily ration configures according to the Chinese holstein cattle feeding standard; The every 10d of duration of test surveys 1 milk amount, and every 20d gathers newborn sample and analyzes butterfat percnetage, lactoprotein and milk somatic cell number.The incidence of disease of statistics milk cow Major Nutrient metabolic disease before and after the experiment.
1.5 sample analysis
Analysis of milk composition adopts analysis of milk composition instrument (Denmark's FOX)
Somatic number adopts somatic cell counting instrument (Dutch DELTA).
1.6 data are processed
Adopt spss10.0 that all data are carried out statistical disposition.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention is on the impact of milk yield
Result of the test sees Table 2. as can be seen from Table 2, it is best that Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick centering of the present invention is produced Niu Xiaoguo, the average daily output of milk of test group has significantly improved 12.1% (p<0.05) than control group, and low-yield cattle is compared with control group without significant difference (p>0.05) with the high yield ox.
Table 2 milk cow micro-element nutrition is licked brick to the impact of the average daily output of milk
Figure BSA00000691786200051
Annotate: * represents to compare with control group significant difference (P<0.05)
2.2 Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention is on the impact of milk-quality
Result of the test sees Table 3, table 4.Can be found out by table 3, table 4, the horizontal butter fat amount of product and Milk protein yield significantly improve respectively 17.14% and 12.78% (p<0.05) than control group in the test group.All descend to some extent before and after test for somatic number in the examination milk, the test group difference level of giving milk extremely significantly is lower than control group (p<0.01) for somatic number in the examination milk.
Table 3 milk cow micro-element nutrition is licked brick to the impact of milk quality
Annotate: * represents to compare with control group significant difference (P<0.05), and * * represents to compare with control group difference extremely significantly (P<0.01)
Table 4 milk cow micro-element nutrition is licked brick to the impact of milk quality
Annotate: * represents to compare with control group significant difference (P<0.05), and * * represents to compare with control group difference extremely significantly (P<0.01)
2.3 Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention is on the impact of efficiency of feed utilization
Result of the test sees Table 5.As can be seen from Table 5, the test group milk feed ratio is lower than control group, but without significant difference (p>0.05).
Table 5 milk cow micro-element nutrition is licked brick to the impact of efficiency of feed utilization
Figure BSA00000691786200063
2.4 Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention is on the impact of milk cow main metabolic disease
Result of the test sees Table 6.As can be seen from Table 6, Qinghai-Tibet milk cow special microelement nutrition lap brick of the present invention can significantly reduce the incidence of disease of the sick retention of afterbirth of milk cow main metabolic, allotriophagy, postpartum paralysis and endometritis.
Table 6 milk cow micro-element nutrition is licked brick to the impact of milk cow main metabolic disease
Figure BSA00000691786200071
3 conclusions and discussion
This result of the test shows, milking cow daily yielding during Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention can increase increases by 12.1% than control group.But little on high yield and the impact of low milking cow.When improving the cow in milk output of milk, can significantly improve milk quality, reduce the incidence of disease of milk cow Major Nutrient metabolic disease.Think the growth and breeding efficient that can improve rumen microorganism to the milk cow microelement-supplementing, thereby help the synthetic of microprotein, finally improved lactoprotein and butterfat percnetage.
The brick safety evaluatio of licking of the present invention
Acute toxicity test: the security of licking brick for estimating milk cow micro-element nutrition, 70 of the Kunming kind healthy mices (male and female half and half) with 8 week body weight in age in age (18.2 ± 3.8) g are divided into 7 groups, 1 control group, 6 dose drug groups at random.Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention is pulverized, crossed 120 mesh sieves, the dosage gavage of pressing respectively 5g/kg, 10g/kg, 20g/kg, 40g/kg, 60g/kg, 80g/kg was observed 7 days, and record dead mouse number is tried to achieve LD 50Be 65.2g/kg, 95% credibility interval is 17.5~68.5g/kg.
Long term toxicity test: 70 of the mouse of above-mentioned equal conditions, 10 every group, respectively with LD 501/9,1/8,1/7,1/6,1/5,1/4 dosage be added in the mouse daily ration, and establish a control group, fed 3 months.The result: (1) in 10d, the small white mouse weightening finish is negative correlation with addition; (2) micronutrient levels all is proportionate with additive capacity in liver and the blood sample; (3) when test 90d, control group and test group mouse are all without obviously visible pathological change.Microscopically is observed: 1/4LD 50Dosage group mouse liver cell be granular degeneration, karyopyknosis, necrosis, the part plasmolysis forms cavity, nucleus propagation obviously, the central vein expansion.Glomerulus is congested, expansion, and the renal tubule tube chamber is narrow or closed, epithelial cell swelling, the wall of the lumen cell degeneration.
Conclusion: micro-element nutrition is licked brick can significantly improve milk cow production performance, improves the dairy products quality, reduces the incidence of disease of milk cow Major Nutrient metabolic disease; Suitably the micro-element nutrition of dosage is licked brick to the facilitation of having grown of small white mouse, and the micro-element nutrition of high dose is licked brick and then affected it and grow, and can cause histocyte damage in various degree.
Mouse toxicity is tested and is shown, when the dosage of Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick of the present invention was 42.3g/kg, the mouse tissue structure was not found obvious pathological change in 90d; LD 50Be 65.2g/kg, 95% credibility interval is 17.5~68.5g/kg.
By above test as seen, Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick energy Effective Raise Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow body weight of the present invention increases a day milk yield, obviously improves milk-quality, effectively reduces the incidence of disease of milk cow Major Nutrient metabolic disease.

Claims (1)

1. Structure Dynamics In The Qinghai-tibet Region milk cow special nutrition licking brick, it is characterized in that component and formulation weight part are: salt 600-800 part, bentonite 80-130 part, copper sulphate 5-8 part of cupric mass ratio 25%, the zinc sulfate 6-9 part that contains zinc mass ratio 34.5%, the manganese sulfate 3-5 part that contains manganese mass ratio 31.8%, the KI 14-20 part that contains potassium mass ratio 2%, the sodium selenite 3-6 part that contains sodium mass ratio 1%, the cobalt chloride 1-8 part that contains cobalt mass ratio 1%, ferrous sulfate 3-7 part of iron content mass ratio 30%, molasses 80-130 part.
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Cited By (8)

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CN103734545A (en) * 2014-01-23 2014-04-23 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 High-calcium nutritional lick block for treating antenatal and postnatal paresis of milk cows and preparation method of high-calcium nutritional lick block
CN103750053A (en) * 2014-01-23 2014-04-30 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 Trace-element block special for calves and preparation method of trace-element block
CN103989026A (en) * 2014-05-21 2014-08-20 北京东方联鸣科技发展有限公司 Anti-oxidization and anti-pollution compound nutritional block for dairy cattle and application thereof
CN104186975A (en) * 2014-08-06 2014-12-10 中盐东兴盐化股份有限公司 Nutritional supplement salt for sheep
CN104206708A (en) * 2014-08-06 2014-12-17 中盐东兴盐化股份有限公司 Salt-containing livestock feed additive
CN104938790A (en) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-30 甘肃天利达生物科技有限责任公司 Mineral trace element nutrition lick block for cattle and sheep
CN105028987A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-11-11 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 Compound-polysacchariderace-enriched trace element licking block special for dairy cattle and preparation method for compound-polysacchariderace-enriched trace element licking block
CN113080322A (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-07-09 迪赛(天津)科技发展有限公司 Special hoof-protecting type and breeding type multi-element nutrition licking brick for dairy cows and preparation method thereof

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CN101971936A (en) * 2010-11-13 2011-02-16 兰州大学 Special compound additive lick brick for Tibetan sheep
CN101978856A (en) * 2010-11-13 2011-02-23 兰州大学 Complex nutrient additive block special for yaks

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CN101791069A (en) * 2010-03-15 2010-08-04 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 Novel high-energy molasses lick block and preparation method thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103734545A (en) * 2014-01-23 2014-04-23 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 High-calcium nutritional lick block for treating antenatal and postnatal paresis of milk cows and preparation method of high-calcium nutritional lick block
CN103750053A (en) * 2014-01-23 2014-04-30 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 Trace-element block special for calves and preparation method of trace-element block
CN103750053B (en) * 2014-01-23 2015-04-08 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 Trace-element block special for calves and preparation method of trace-element block
CN103734545B (en) * 2014-01-23 2015-05-20 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 High-calcium nutritional lick block for treating antenatal and postnatal paresis of milk cows and preparation method of high-calcium nutritional lick block
CN103989026A (en) * 2014-05-21 2014-08-20 北京东方联鸣科技发展有限公司 Anti-oxidization and anti-pollution compound nutritional block for dairy cattle and application thereof
CN104186975A (en) * 2014-08-06 2014-12-10 中盐东兴盐化股份有限公司 Nutritional supplement salt for sheep
CN104206708A (en) * 2014-08-06 2014-12-17 中盐东兴盐化股份有限公司 Salt-containing livestock feed additive
CN104938790A (en) * 2015-06-09 2015-09-30 甘肃天利达生物科技有限责任公司 Mineral trace element nutrition lick block for cattle and sheep
CN105028987A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-11-11 中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所 Compound-polysacchariderace-enriched trace element licking block special for dairy cattle and preparation method for compound-polysacchariderace-enriched trace element licking block
CN113080322A (en) * 2021-05-18 2021-07-09 迪赛(天津)科技发展有限公司 Special hoof-protecting type and breeding type multi-element nutrition licking brick for dairy cows and preparation method thereof

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