CN104920822B - A kind of parent population feed and its compound method containing spirulina powder - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preparing broodstock feed containing spirulina powder comprises firstly preparing dry feed and wet feed respectively, and then mixing the wet feed and dry feed in a ratio of 7:3. The components and proportions of the dry material are: 80-95 parts of pregelatinized starch, 5-15 parts of spirulina powder, 0.3-0.9 g/ton of yeast selenium powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound additives, 30-30 parts of choline chloride 50 g/ton, bile acid 80-100 g/ton; the mixing method follows the principle of step-by-step amplification, and the small material is added to the material and mixed step by step. The composition ratio of the wet material is: 30-40 parts of pig placenta, 3-9 parts of fresh earthworm, 50-70 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish, mixed and minced. The invention has the advantages of simple and easy material selection, low price, balanced nutrition and high protein content, which can strengthen the gonad development of brood fish, enhance the quality of gametes, and finally increase the reproduction rate and reproduction quality.

Description

A kind of broodstock feed containing spirulina powder and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to a broodstock feed containing spirulina powder, and also relates to a preparation method of the feed.

Background technique

Broodstock refers to male or female fish that have developed to sexual maturity and have the ability to reproduce, that is, breeding fish. Broodstock is a crucial basis for artificial reproduction, and the quality of its eggs and sperm determines the basic quality of larvae and juveniles. The main component of fish eggs and sperm is protein, so the level of protein content in parent fish feed can directly affect the quality of sperm eggs and the post-embryonic development of young and juvenile fish. Fish prepare material and energy resources for reproduction through food intake, and pass these resources to offspring through reproduction. In the early stage of the ovary, even in the Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage, its development and protein growth mainly depend on exogenous nutrition. Therefore, the use of scientific methods to carry out nutritionally intensive cultivation of broodstock can enable the broodstock to obtain high-quality reproductive conditions, promote the maturation of the gonads and obtain high-quality fertilized eggs, and then obtain high-quality offspring.

The quality of broodstock feed determines the effect of the fortification phase. Under normal circumstances, the suitable protein content for herbivorous broodstock is 30% to 32% feed, for omnivorous broodstock is 33% to 35%, and for carnivorous broodstock is 36% to 38% or more. However, at present, the supply of traditionally used fishmeal is small and the price is rising rapidly. Therefore, finding raw materials to replace fishmeal and obtaining high-quality feed, especially to meet the high protein demand of carnivorous fish, has become a concern of many breeders. In the finished product breeding and broodstock breeding of carnivorous fish, in addition to feeding artificial feed, animal protein such as fresh miscellaneous fish and offal of livestock and poultry are often fed to meet their nutritional needs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed for strengthening the nutrition of brood fish, whose high protein content can enhance the quality of gametes produced by the brood fish, improve the fertilization rate and finally increase the reproductive efficiency.

The invention solves this problem by providing a broodstock feed formula containing spirulina powder.

The broodstock feed is a mixture of dry and wet feed.

The components and proportions of the dry material are: 80-95 parts of pregelatinized starch, 5-15 parts of spirulina powder, 0.3-0.9 g/ton of yeast selenium powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound additives, 30 parts of choline chloride ～50 g/ton, bile acid 80～100 g/ton. Each serving of the composite additive contains vitamin A 5500IU, vitamin D 1000IU, vitamin E 50mg, vitamin K 10mg, vitamin B1 20mg, vitamin B2 20mg, vitamin B6 20mg, vitamin B12 0.02mg, folic acid 5mg, calcium pantothenate 50mg, inositol 50mg, Niacin 100mg, Biotin 0.1mg, Vitamin C 100mg, Manganese 115mg, Zinc 88mg, Iron 44mg, Copper 10mg, Iodine 0.3mg.

The preparation method of the dry material is mixed according to the method of step-by-step amplification of small material and large material: yeast selenium powder + compound additive = mixture 1, mixture 1 + choline chloride = mixture 2, mixture 2 + bile acid = mixture 3. Mixture 3+spirulina powder=mixture 4, mixture 4+pregelatinized starch=dry raw material mixture.

Components and proportions of wet material: 30-40 parts of pig placenta, 3-9 parts of fresh earthworm, 50-70 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish.

The preparation method of the wet material: each component of the formula is added into a meat grinder according to the proportion and mixed, and the discharge diameter of the meat grinder is 8-10mm.

The preparation method of the mixed feed: the wet material and the dry material are prepared according to the ratio of 7:3, and the mixture is stirred into a dough shape to obtain the broodstock feed.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: firstly, the spirulina powder itself has high protein content, low fat content, is rich in multivitamins, and is easily digested and absorbed because the cell wall lacks cellulose. The carotenoids contained in it can play a very good coloring effect, can increase the pigment content in the egg, and are beneficial to the embryo hatching and survival. It is a high-quality protein source. At the same time, because it contains a large amount of superoxide dismutase (SOD), it can effectively remove free radicals in the body, enhance the body's immunity, improve the survival rate of embryo hatching, promote the healing of wounds and ulcer tissues, and reduce the infection or even die. At the same time, because it is rich in aspartic acid, it can resist fatigue and restore physical fitness, and it plays an important role in the postpartum recovery of broodstock. Therefore, spirulina powder has a good effect in the whole process from the formation of fertilized eggs to postpartum recovery, and is an excellent feed material. The dry sample protein content of the final product of the broodstock feed is as high as 40.86.

Second, pig placenta is the place where young piglets ingest nutrients in the mother's body, and is excreted from the body with production activities. It has high protein content, complete types of essential amino acids, and high nutritional value. It is an ideal feed material. Pig afterbirth is rich in lipopolysaccharide, placental peptide and other components, which can improve the body's anti-stress ability and enhance immunity; vitamins, enzymes and trace elements can enhance the body's resistance and regulate endocrine. Therefore, for oviparous animals, pig placenta can increase the amount of eggs laid and the quality of eggs to a certain extent, and has a certain protective effect on egg laying activities.

Third, fresh earthworms are rich in nutrition, have the advantages of high protein, low price, environmental protection, and easy acquisition, and are widely used in feed. Fresh earthworms have the functions of attracting food, enhancing disease resistance, and promoting growth for aquatic animals.

Fourth, the pregelatinized starch makes the feed have better viscoelasticity, maintains good stability in water, reduces loss, and is beneficial to the feeding of middle and lower fishes.

Fifth, yeast selenium can improve the vitality of sperm, reduce the deformity rate of sperm, improve the reproductive performance of animals, and increase the fertilization rate.

Sixth, both bile acid and choline chloride can improve the utilization efficiency of fat, and improve the situation of ovulation and sperm discharge caused by too thick abdominal fat by reducing the accumulation of excess fat in the abdominal cavity of fish, and improve the reproductive efficiency.

In summary, traditional fish meal is not used in the technical solution of the present invention, but multiple combinations such as spirulina powder, pig afterbirth, fresh earthworms, and fresh miscellaneous fish are used. The feed has high protein content and rich nutritional components, and is suitable for all kinds of brood fish, and is an excellent substitute for fish meal; the invention creatively adds pig afterbirth to the feed components, which improves the body immunity of brood fish while increasing the protein content of the feed, and improves egg production. quality and spawning quality, and has a certain protective effect on spawning activities; Spirulina powder is also added to the feed, so that the broodstock can get a comprehensive and balanced nutritional supplement during the whole process from the formation of fertilized eggs to post-spawn recovery.

Detailed ways

The invention discloses a broodstock feed containing spirulina powder, which is prepared from dry feed and wet feed.

The dry material is composed of pregelatinized starch, spirulina powder, bile acid, yeast selenium powder, compound additives, and choline chloride. Since the amount of yeast selenium powder, compound additives, choline chloride, and bile acid is small, the calculation is based on how many T of dry material is prepared according to the number of grams.

The distribution ratio of each component of the dry material is 80-95 parts of pregelatinized starch, 5-15 parts of spirulina powder, 0.3-0.9 grams/ton of yeast selenium powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound additives, 30-50 grams/ton of choline chloride tons, bile acid 80-100 g/ton. Each serving of the composite additive contains vitamin A 5500IU, vitamin D 1000IU, vitamin E 50mg, vitamin K 10mg, vitamin B120mg, vitamin B2 20mg, vitamin B6 20mg, vitamin B12 0.02mg, folic acid 5mg, calcium pantothenate 50mg, inositol 50mg , Niacin 100 mg, Biotin 0.1 mg, Vitamin C 100 mg, Manganese 115 mg, Zinc 88 mg, Iron 44 mg, Copper 10 mg, Iodine 0.3 mg.

The dry material is scaled up step by step, and prepared in a way from less to more, that is

Yeast selenium powder + compound additive = mixture 1,

Mixture 1 + Choline Chloride = Mixture 2,

mixture 2 + bile acids = mixture 3,

Mixture 3 + Spirulina Powder = Mixture 4,

Mixture 4 + pregelatinized starch = dry mixture;

The wet material is composed of pig placenta, fresh earthworms and fresh miscellaneous fish.

The distribution ratio of each component of the wet material is: 30-40 parts of pig placenta, 3-9 parts of fresh earthworms, and 50-70 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish.

The preparation method of the wet material: each component of the formula is added into a meat grinder according to the proportion and mixed, and the discharge diameter of the meat grinder is 8-10mm.

When in use, the wet material and the dry material are prepared according to the ratio of 7:3, and the mixture is stirred into a dough shape to obtain the broodstock feed.

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1

Weigh 0.3 g/t yeast selenium powder and 0.1 part of compound additive, mix well to obtain mixture 1, mix 1 and 30 g/t choline chloride to form mixture 2, add 80 g/t bile acid to the mixture and mix well After forming mixture 3, 5 parts of spirulina were added into mixture 3 to form mixture 4, and 80 parts of pregelatinized starch were mixed with mixture 4 to finally form a dry material mixture.

The wet material is fully mixed with 30 parts of pig placenta, 3 parts of fresh earthworms and 50 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish. After mixing evenly, add the meat grinder to grind, and the diameter of the discharge port is 8mm.

Mix the wet and dry ingredients in a ratio of 7:3 and knead the mixture into a dough.

Example 2

Weigh 0.9 g/t yeast selenium powder and 0.3 part of compound additive, mix well to obtain mixture 1, mix 1 and 50 g/t choline chloride to form mixture 2, add 100 g/t bile acid to the mixture and mix well After forming mixture 3, 15 parts of spirulina were added into mixture 3 to form mixture 4, and 95 parts of pregelatinized starch were mixed with mixture 4 to finally form a dry material mixture.

The wet material is fully mixed with 40 parts of pig placenta, 9 parts of fresh earthworms and 70 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish. After mixing evenly, add the meat grinder to grind, and the diameter of the discharge port is 10mm.

Mix the wet and dry ingredients in a ratio of 7:3 and knead the mixture into a dough.

Example 3

Get 0.2 parts of composite additives and 0.6 gram/ton of yeast selenium powder and mix uniformly to form mixture 1, then add 40 gram/ton of choline chloride to form mixture 2, add 90 grams/ton of bile acid to mixture 2 and mix uniformly to obtain mixture 3,10 One part of spirulina was added into mixture 3 to form mixture 4, and then 87.5 parts of pregelatinized starch was added and mixed evenly to become the final dry material mixture.

Get 35 parts of pig placenta, 6 parts of fresh earthworms and 60 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish and mix them evenly, then add them to a meat grinder to grind and mix, and the diameter of the discharge port is 9mm.

Before use, mix the wet and dry ingredients in a ratio of 7:3, and knead the mixture into a dough.

Example 4

Get 0.25 parts of composite additives and 0.75 grams/ton of yeast selenium powder and mix uniformly to form mixture 1, then add 45 grams/ton of choline chloride to form mixture 2, add 95 grams/ton of bile acid to mixture 2 and mix uniformly to obtain mixture 3,12.5 One part of spirulina was added into mixture 3 to form mixture 4, and then 91 parts of pregelatinized starch were added and mixed evenly to become the final dry material mixture.

Get 37.5 parts of pig placenta, 7.5 parts of fresh earthworms and 65 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish and mix them evenly, then add them into a meat grinder to grind and mix, and the diameter of the discharge port is 9mm.

Before use, mix the wet and dry ingredients in a ratio of 7:3, and knead the mixture into a dough.

Example 5

Get 0.15 parts of compound additives and 0.45 g/ton of yeast selenium powder and mix uniformly to form mixture 1, then add 35 g/ton of choline chloride to form mixture 2, and mix uniformly with 85 g/ton of bile acid to obtain mixture 3,7.5 One part of spirulina was added into mixture 3 to form mixture 4, and then 85 parts of pregelatinized starch were added and mixed evenly to become the final dry material mixture.

Get 32.5 parts of pig placenta, 4.5 parts of fresh earthworms and 55 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish and mix them evenly, then add them into a meat grinder to grind and mix, and the diameter of the discharge port is 9mm.

Before use, mix the wet and dry ingredients in a ratio of 7:3, and knead the mixture into a dough.

In practice, the technical scheme disclosed by the invention has been used to prepare broodstock feed for cultivating broodstock of the long-breasted catfish for three years. If the channel catfish is artificially fed with compound feed according to the conventional channel catfish, artificial induction of labor is difficult to achieve success. During the intensive cultivation period of the broodstock, if the amount of feeding of the artificial compound feed accounts for 2% of the body weight of the fish and the amount of feeding of the broodstock feed of the present invention accounts for 1% of the body weight of the fish, there will be a certain amount of seedling output in the breeding period every year, which is a great contribution to the breakthrough. The bottleneck problem of large-scale artificial breeding of S. elongatum provides a new way of thinking. Observing the gonad tissue slices of broodstock, it was found that after eating the feed of the present invention, the synchrony of gonad development to the end of stage IV was enhanced, and the eggs produced were plump, regular in size, and large in diameter, and large eggs accounted for most of the ovary volume. The output of sperm has strong activity and the survival rate of fry is high.

Compared with the broodstock bred by the common feed, the hybrid broodstock (black snakehead and spotted snakehead) cultivated with the feed of the present invention has higher fecundity, and the spawning capacity of the female broodstock (about 0.6kg) is increased from the original 12,000 to More than 16000 grains. After injecting the oxytocin needle, the spawning rate of the female fish reached 95%. Under the microscope, it can be seen that the sperm density increased by 15%, and the swimming speed was faster, the fertilization rate increased by 24%, the hatching rate of fry was 14% higher than that of the common feed group, the hatched fry were robust, and the deformity rate was 20% lower than that of the common feed group.

Using the feed of the present invention (accounting for 1% of fish body weight) to strengthen and cultivate the improved crucian carp parents (American bigmouth mullet and Pengze crucian carp), it was found that the absolute fecundity of Pengze crucian carp was 18% higher than that of the commonly cultivated parent, and the maturity coefficient 11% increase. However, the American bigmouth mullet was more star-seeking, with a rough feel, and the amount of milky white semen after the injection of oxytocin was 12% higher than that of the normal feed group. From the perspective of embryonic development, the hatching time span of the same batch of fertilized eggs is reduced by 8%, the hatch rate is increased by 21%, and the deformity rate is reduced by 17%.

Claims (3)

1. A feed containing spirulina powder for broodstock, which is formed by mixing dry feed and wet feed, The wet material components are pig placenta, fresh earthworms, and fresh miscellaneous fish; The dry material components are pregelatinized starch, spirulina powder, yeast selenium powder, compound additives, choline chloride, bile acid; The ratio of each component of the dry material in parts by weight is 80-95 parts of pregelatinized starch, 5-15 parts of spirulina powder, 0.3-0.9 grams/ton of yeast selenium powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of compound additives, Choline chloride 30-50 g/ton, bile acid 80-100 g/ton; The proportioning of each component of the wet material in parts by weight is 30-40 parts of pig afterbirth, 3-9 parts of fresh earthworms, and 50-70 parts of fresh miscellaneous fish; The wet material is mixed with the dry material in a ratio of 7:3. 2. The feed for broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: each part of said composite additive contains vitamin A5500IU, vitamin D1000IU, vitamin E50mg, vitamin K10mg, vitamin B120mg, vitamin B220mg, vitamin B620mg, Vitamin B12 0.02mg, folic acid 5mg, calcium pantothenate 50mg, inositol 50mg, niacin 100mg, biotin 0.1mg, vitamin C 100mg, manganese 115mg, zinc 88mg, iron 44mg, copper 10mg, iodine 0.3mg. 3. the preparation method of broodstock feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that: After the wet material is taken and mixed in parts by weight, it is added to a meat grinder and ground, and the discharge diameter of the meat grinder is 8-10mm; After the dry material is taken and mixed according to parts by weight, follow the principle of step-by-step amplification, and the small material is added to the material to enlarge and mix step by step, that is: Yeast selenium powder + compound additive = mixture 1, Mixture 1 + Choline Chloride = Mixture 2, mixture 2 + bile acids = mixture 3, Mixture 3 + Spirulina Powder = Mixture 4, Mixture 4 + pregelatinized starch = dry mixture; Mix the ready-to-use wet ingredients and dry ingredients according to the ratio of 7:3, and stir well to form a dough.