CN103344154A - Carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method and construction method - Google Patents
Carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method and construction method. The carbonaceous schist tunnel construction method includes the steps of carrying out blasting in the carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method, clearing away residues and digging out rock mass which does not fall off by using mechanical equipment, and revising a tunnel contour line. The carbonaceous schist tunnel blasting method includes the steps of dividing a tunnel face into a carbonaceous schist area and a none-carbonaceous schist area; arranging a plurality of blast holes in the tunnel face to form a hole pattern, wherein the density of the blast holes in the carbonaceous schist area is smaller than that of the blast holes in the none-carbonaceous schist area; filling explosives and detonators into the blast holes; connecting the detonators into a network; detonating the explosives according to a preset detonating sequence. The tunneling method of combining blasting and machinery is adopted, blasting is carried out first, rock does not need to be thrown out completely, and therefore disturbance and damage to surrounding rock are reduced; then the residues are cleared away and the rock mass which does not fall off is dug out by using the mechanical equipment, thus, tunneling efficiency can be improved, disturbance to the surrounding rock is little, and damage on the surrounding rock is reduced; in addition, the back break control effect is good, the tunneling effect is improved, and tunneling quality is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tunnel Engineering excavation technology field, relate in particular to a kind of carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method and construction method.
Background technology
In the tunnel excavation process, run into some special complex geological conditions through regular meeting, such as the ten white Shi Gou of flower at a high speed tunnels, large-area carbonaceous schist just appears in the digging process.The carbonaceous schist has that deflection is big, the distortion longer duration, distortion does not restrain and to the concussion of blasting influence than characteristics such as sensitivities, problems such as invading limit very easily appears in the work progress caving in or being out of shape, adopt general method to be difficult to the effect that reaches good.
Domestic constructing tunnel generally adopts drilling and blasting method or mechanical equivalent of light excavation method.Drilling and blasting method is big to the country rock disturbance, and often because the excessive rock stability that influences of vibrations cause disaster, and demolition effect is undesirable, piece is easily fallen in the arch, and it is serious to backbreak, and the carbonaceous schist is higher to explosion sensitiveness, and concussion of blasting very easily causes the distortion that country rock is bigger.Mechanical equivalent of light excavation method excavation soft rock efficient is higher, disturbance to country rock is little, excavation quality height, the tunnel contour wire gauge is whole, but the tunnel geology complicated condition, the carbonaceous schist generates form and irregular, outcrop area is indefinite, accounts for more than 90% of whole face area sometimes, only accounts for about 20% sometimes, machinery can't dig out non-schist rock mass effectively, so efficient is not high.The excavation at carbonaceous schist tunnel does not still have ripe method in the prior art at present.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method and construction method are provided, and reduces the country rock damage, improves drivage efficiency, improves the excavation effect.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, on the one hand, embodiments of the invention provide a kind of carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method, may further comprise the steps:
Draw tunnel cross-section figure according to carbonaceous schist distribution on the face, face is divided into carbonaceous schist zone and non-carbonaceous schist zone;
A plurality of big guns hole is set and forms hole pattern at described face, wherein, be arranged on big gun hole density on the described carbonaceous schist zone less than the big gun hole density that is arranged on described carbonaceous schist zone;
Explosive and detonating capsule are encased in the described big gun hole;
With described detonating capsule networking, detonate according to default firing order.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, the cyclic advance of explosion is less than or equal to 1.2m.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, described big gun hole comprises keyhole, via hole and periphery hole, described keyhole is positioned at position on the lower side, center, tunnel, and described periphery hole is along the setting of arranging of tunnel contour line, and described via hole is between described keyhole and described periphery hole;
Described keyhole and described via hole all adopt the continuous charging structure, and described detonating capsule is arranged on bottom, big gun hole, and blast sockets for collecting energy towards orifice is carried out indirect initiation;
Described periphery hole adopts the spaced loading structure that is not coupled, and the emulsion powder stick is divided into two vertically, and itself and primacord colligation are put into described periphery hole together, and the formation hoop not coefficient of coup is the charge constitution of 2.3-2.7, utilizes described primacord propagation of explosion.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, keyhole adopts the wedge-shaped arrangement mode, and inclination angle, big gun hole is 65-75 °; Described via hole and described periphery hole are upright opening.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, in carbonaceous schist zone, non-relatively carbonaceous schist zone, row's spacing of keyhole increases 20%, and pitch of holes is identical; The hole pattern parameter in all the other big gun holes increases 50%;
The aperture, aperture in all big gun holes is identical, is 40-40mm;
The explosive payload in described big gun hole is identical.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, at the bottom of the array pitch 0.8m of the keyhole on the non-carbonaceous schist zone, hole apart from 0.4m, aperture apart from 1.4m, the via hole spacing is at 1.1-1.2m, row's spacing 1-1.1m, periphery hole spacing 0.9m, base pitch of holes 0.6m; On carbonaceous schist zone, via hole pitch of holes 1.8m, row's spacing 1.2m, hole, base pitch of holes 1.3m, periphery hole pitch of holes 0.9m.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, described detonating capsule is non-electricity millisecond Nonel detonator.
In carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of the present invention, during serving as reasons, described default firing order around the mind-set, detonates piecemeal to high section from low section by expanding groove after the first slotting, and periphery hole detonates at last.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction, may further comprise the steps:
Adopt aforesaid carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method to carry out explosion;
Remove the slag body, dig out the rock mass that do not come off by plant equipment, and the tunnel contour line is repaired, the control out break.
In described carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction, adopt the construction of up/down steps method, the excavation operation is followed successively by: the excavation of topping bar, the excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation; The described excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation is controlled at 10-15m with the spacing of the described excavation of topping bar.
The carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method that the embodiment of the invention provides, face is divided into carbonaceous schist zone and non-carbonaceous schist zone, lay different big gun holes in zones of different, make all loosening avalanches of each regional ground, need not complete throwing comes out, reduce disturbance and damage to country rock, be beneficial to next step mechanical equivalent of light excavation, improve drivage efficiency.
The carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction that the embodiment of the invention provides, adopt explosion and mechanically combining excavation method, carry out explosion earlier, need not complete throwing comes out, reduce disturbance and damage to country rock, the recycling plant equipment is removed the slag body, is dug out the rock mass that do not come off, and can improve drivage efficiency, little to the country rock disturbance simultaneously, reduce the country rock damage; Out break control is effective, improves the excavation effect, excavation quality height.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of up/down steps method construction in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart to topping bar and excavating in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 carries out the flow chart of explosion to topping bar in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the big gun hole layout drawing on topping bar in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the big gun hole layout drawing on the left-half of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the big gun hole layout drawing on the right half part of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind ofly can efficiently excavate carbonaceous schist tunnel and reduce carbonaceous schist tunnel excavation method to surrounding rock failure for the preferred embodiment of the present invention aims to provide, this method is particularly useful for V level country rock carbonaceous schist tunnel excavation, simultaneously, particularly carbonaceous schist area accounts for tunnel tunnel face area 60% or above situation.
As shown in Figure 1, the carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction that the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides comprises: adopt carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method to carry out blast working; Remove the slag body, dig out the rock mass that do not come off by plant equipment, and the tunnel contour line is repaired.In the present embodiment, according to carbonaceous schist tunnel geology situation, adopt the construction of up/down steps method, the excavation operation is followed successively by: the excavation of topping bar, the excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation; Two parts were excavated successively about the described excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation divided; The excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation is controlled at 10-15m with the spacing of the excavation of topping bar.Simultaneously, adopt Tunnel Blasting and mechanically combining to excavate method, namely carry out Tunnel Blasting earlier, recycling machinery excavates.
As shown in Figure 2, the construction of up/down steps method may further comprise the steps.
S1, tunnel tunnel face is divided into tops bar and get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation;
S2, to the excavation of topping bar;
S3, to the excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.
The excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation is controlled at 10-15m with the spacing of the excavation of topping bar, and carries out the preliminary bracing construction immediately behind every circulation excavation.The control of explosion cyclic advance is in 1.2m, the blast charging amount is less like this, thereby the vibrations that cause are also less, also less to the country rock disturbance, and the efficient of excavator excavation and shipment rock is also high, so can improve explosion and drivage efficiency, improves the excavation effect, reduce the vibration influence to country rock, guarantee tunnel excavation process safety.
Among the step S2, as shown in Figure 3, adopt carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction to excavate to topping bar, specifically may further comprise the steps.
S21, adopt carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method to construct to topping bar.As shown in Figure 4, this carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method may further comprise the steps.
S211, distribute to draw tunnel cross-section figure according to carbonaceous schist on the face, according to the outcrop area of carbonaceous schist on the face face is divided into carbonaceous schist zone 1a and the regional 1b of non-carbonaceous schist.
S212, a plurality of big guns hole is set and forms hole pattern at described face, wherein, be arranged on big gun hole density on the described carbonaceous schist zone 1a less than the big gun hole density that is arranged on described carbonaceous schist zone 1a.In this step, can determine the big gun hole site with tunnel end face instrument laser according to design in advance, the aperture, aperture in described big gun hole is all identical, is 40-44mm, and all apertures, big gun hole are 42mm in the present embodiment.
The big gun hole comprises keyhole, via hole and periphery hole.
Keyhole is positioned at position on the lower side, center, tunnel, utilizes keyhole to carry out slotting at tunnel tunnel face.Keyhole adopts the wedge-shaped arrangement mode, and inclination angle, big gun hole is 65-75 °, in a row is arranged in position, lower middle, tunnel.In the present embodiment, keyhole is the 1st section big gun hole among Fig. 5, and totally three rows six, and inclination angle, big gun hole is 70 °, and the number of keyhole is not limited thereto certainly, can specifically according to the size of tunnel tunnel face determine.
Via hole is the 3rd, 5,7 section big gun hole among Fig. 5, between keyhole and periphery hole, is similar to and is evenly distributed on the avalanche zone, utilizes via hole can expand groove.Via hole also sets in a row, and guarantees to arrange spacing greater than pitch of holes, is beneficial to rock failure.
Periphery hole is the 13rd section big gun hole among Fig. 5, along the setting of arranging of tunnel contour line, to explode outline line.Periphery hole adopts smooth Surface Blasting Technology, but the pitch of holes of the comparable general V level surrounding rock tunnel photoface exploision of pitch of holes increases.
For better by the transition of expanding behind the groove to outline line, the big gun hole also comprises inner ring hole, inner ring hole is the 9th section big gun hole among Fig. 5, and the formed arcuate shape of a plurality of inner ring holes is less than the formed arcuate shape of a plurality of periphery holes, and the hole parameter of inner ring hole can be identical with periphery hole.
Owing to excavate topping bar earlier, its base, upper edge of topping bar also is provided with row hole, base, i.e. the 11st a section big gun hole among Fig. 5.
Be arranged on big gun hole density on the 1a of described carbonaceous schist zone less than the big gun hole density that is arranged on described carbonaceous schist zone 1a, reducing the explosion dynamics to carbonaceous schist zone 1a, thereby reduce the disturbance to country rock.The distribution form that is arranged on the big gun hole on carbonaceous schist zone 1a and the non-carbonaceous schist zone 1b is identical, and big gun hole hole pattern parameter (influencing the parameter of big gun hole density as arranging spacing, pitch of holes etc.) difference, makes the density difference in big gun hole.In the present embodiment, at the bottom of the array pitch 0.8m of the keyhole on the 1b of non-carbonaceous schist zone, hole apart from 0.4m, aperture apart from 1.4m, the via hole spacing is at 1.1-1.2m, row's spacing 1-1.1m, periphery hole spacing 0.9m, base pitch of holes 0.6m.At carbonaceous schist zone 1a, non-relatively carbonaceous schist zone 1b, row's spacing of keyhole increases 20%, and pitch of holes is identical; The hole pattern parameter in all the other big gun holes increases 50%, and in the present embodiment, pitch of holes increases 50% relatively.Be via hole pitch of holes 1.8m, row's spacing 1.2m, hole, base pitch of holes 1.3m, periphery hole pitch of holes 0.9m.Pitch of holes herein is the pitch of holes between same row's big gun hole.
S213, explosive and detonating capsule are encased in the described big gun hole.
Same type big gun hole is identical with the explosive payload of carbonaceous schist zone 1a at non-carbonaceous schist zone 1b.Particularly, the every hole powder charge of keyhole 0.8kg, the every hole powder charge of via hole 0.6kg, the every hole powder charge in hole, base 0.6kg, the every hole powder charge of periphery hole 0.3kg.
Keyhole and via hole all adopt the continuous charging structure, and detonating capsule is placed on bottom, big gun hole, its sockets for collecting energy towards orifice is carried out indirect initiation, and to reduce the disturbance to country rock, in the present embodiment, detonating capsule is selected non-electricity millisecond Nonel detonator for use.Periphery hole adopts the spaced loading structure that is not coupled, the emulsion powder stick is divided into two vertically, and itself and primacord colligation are put into described periphery hole together, the formation hoop not coefficient of coup is the charge constitution of 2.3-2.7, utilize the primacord propagation of explosion, to reduce the disturbance to country rock.In the present embodiment, the diameter of emulsion powder stick is 32mm, utilizes electrician's adhesive plaster that itself and primacord colligation are put into periphery hole together, and the formation hoop not coefficient of coup is approximately 2.5 charge constitution.
S214, with the networking of described detonating capsule, detonate according to default firing order.In the present embodiment, default firing order integral body is by the firing order around the middle mind-set.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, divide 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 section totally 7 sections detonate.Firing order is followed successively by keyhole, via hole, inner ring hole, bottom plate hole, periphery hole, detonates piecemeal to high section from low section by expanding groove after the first slotting, and periphery hole detonates at last.
Elementary errors between keyhole, via hole and periphery hole enforcement hole is detonated at interval, keyhole adopts 1 section blasting cap initiation, and via hole postpones keyhole 50 ~ 100ms and detonates the millisecond detonating time interval 50 ~ 100ms between the via hole hole, periphery hole adopts with section blasting cap initiation, primacord ignition charge.
By above-mentioned explosion, solid rock is taked suitably to add the blasting method of large-meshed net parameter, need not complete throwing and come out, only need loosening avalanche to get final product; To the carbonaceous schist, adopt super large spacing hole pattern parameter, even the periphery hole part, the layout that also need not encrypt periphery hole only needs fried loose country rock to get final product, and is beneficial to next step mechanical execution.
Finish by step S211 to the S214 explosion of topping bar, carry out next step construction.
S22, employing machinery excavate topping bar, and it may further comprise the steps.
S221, employing loading machine transport the dress of the loose rock mass under quick-fried slag.
After S222, large tracts of land slag body transport outside the hole, adopt excavator that the rock mass on the face that does not come off is fully as yet excavated cleaning work, and repair the tunnel contour line as requested, the control out break, and in time handle and owe to dig part.At this moment, survey crew puts in place in advance, as owes and dig part, handles immediately.
Finish excavation to topping bar by above step.
, may further comprise the steps the excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation at step S3.
S31, carry out explosion to getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation.Particularly, will get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation be divided into about half part, to about half part adopt blasting method to carry out explosion successively.Can carry out after the explosion right half part being carried out explosion to left-half earlier, also can carry out after the explosion left-half being carried out explosion to right half part earlier.Every part adopts respectively with topping bar the same blasting method, is divided into carbonaceous schist zone 1a and non-carbonaceous schist zone 1b equally, arranges the big gun hole, charge detonates.Minute gun hole, left side is arranged as shown in Figure 6, is divided 5 sections and detonate.Right-hand part minute gun hole is arranged as shown in Figure 7, is also divided 5 sections to detonate.
S32, by mechanical removal slag body, dig out the rock mass that do not come off, and the tunnel contour line is repaired the control out break.
In this step, directly utilize excavator that loose rock mass dress quarrel is transported, dig out the rock mass that do not come off, the freeing wheel profile.After survey crew is shown up, use instrument to detect the excavation outline line, bigger as deviation, need excavator further to repair, less as deviation, then enter next operation construction.
Carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction provided by the invention, adopt explosion and mechanically combining excavation method, carry out explosion earlier, need not complete throwing comes out, reduce the disturbance to country rock, the recycling plant equipment is removed the slag body, is dug out the rock mass that do not come off, and can improve drivage efficiency, little to the country rock disturbance simultaneously, reduce the country rock damage; Improve the excavation effect, excavation quality height.
Above-described embodiment does not constitute the restriction to this technical scheme protection domain.Any at above-mentioned embodiment spirit and principle within do modification, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., all should be included within the protection domain of this technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Draw tunnel cross-section figure according to carbonaceous schist distribution on the face, face is divided into carbonaceous schist zone and non-carbonaceous schist zone;
A plurality of big guns hole is set and forms hole pattern at described face, wherein, be arranged on big gun hole density on the described carbonaceous schist zone less than the big gun hole density that is arranged on described carbonaceous schist zone;
Explosive and detonating capsule are encased in the described big gun hole;
With described detonating capsule networking, detonate according to default firing order.
2. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the cyclic advance of explosion is less than or equal to 1.2m.
3. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described big gun hole comprises keyhole, via hole and periphery hole, described keyhole is positioned at position on the lower side, center, tunnel, described periphery hole is along the setting of arranging of tunnel contour line, and described via hole is between described keyhole and described periphery hole;
Described keyhole and described via hole all adopt the continuous charging structure, and described detonating capsule is arranged on bottom, big gun hole, and blast sockets for collecting energy towards orifice is carried out indirect initiation;
Described periphery hole adopts the spaced loading structure that is not coupled, and the emulsion powder stick is divided into two vertically, and itself and primacord colligation are put into described periphery hole together, and the formation hoop not coefficient of coup is the charge constitution of 2.3-2.7, utilizes described primacord propagation of explosion.
4. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, keyhole adopts the wedge-shaped arrangement mode, and inclination angle, big gun hole is 65-75 °; Described via hole and described periphery hole are upright opening.
5. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in carbonaceous schist zone, and non-relatively carbonaceous schist zone, row's spacing of keyhole increases 20%, and pitch of holes is identical; The hole pattern parameter in all the other big gun holes increases 50%;
The aperture, aperture in all big gun holes is identical, is 40-40mm;
The explosive payload in described big gun hole is identical.
6. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, at the bottom of the array pitch 0.8m of the keyhole on the non-carbonaceous schist zone, hole apart from 0.4m, aperture apart from 1.4m, the via hole spacing is at 1.1-1.2m, row's spacing 1-1.1m, periphery hole spacing 0.9m, base pitch of holes 0.6m; On carbonaceous schist zone, via hole pitch of holes 1.8m, row's spacing 1.2m, hole, base pitch of holes 1.3m, periphery hole pitch of holes 0.9m.
7. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described detonating capsule is non-electricity millisecond Nonel detonator.
8. carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, around the mind-set, detonates piecemeal to high section from low section by expanding groove after the first slotting during described default firing order is served as reasons, and periphery hole detonates at last.
9. a carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Adopt each described carbonaceous schist Tunnel Blasting method of claim 1 to 8 to carry out explosion;
Remove the slag body, dig out the rock mass that do not come off by plant equipment, and the tunnel contour line is repaired, the control out break.
10. carbonaceous schist method for tunnel construction according to claim 9 is characterized in that, adopts the construction of up/down steps method, and the excavation operation is followed successively by: the excavation of topping bar, the excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation; The described excavation of getting out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation is controlled at 10-15m with the spacing of the described excavation of topping bar.
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