CN110618249B - Test method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and particularly relates to a test method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: performing a blasting test; step two: performing excavation test of the development machine; step three: determining blasting parameters and excavating parameters of the heading machine; step four: implementing multi-section blasting construction; the method comprises the following steps: and judging the applicability of four different excavation methods, namely blasting excavation, tunneling machine excavation, local section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation and full section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation according to the blasting parameters and the tunneling excavation parameters in the step three. Step five: excavating by using a tunneling machine; step six: and optimizing rock excavation parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunneling, and particularly relates to a testing method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction.
Background
The excavation construction method has important significance for excavation projects such as soft and hard rock tunnels and the like, and directly determines the excavation efficiency and the engineering period of excavation operation. Especially for the engineering excavation of extremely hard rock mass, different excavation modes play decisive roles more, and the reasonable excavation mode of selection not only is favorable to the excavation efficiency of rock mass to do benefit to the damage control of face surrounding rock, thereby reach good tunnelling effect and excavation footage. At present, the excavation modes of domestic and foreign engineering can be divided into blasting excavation and mechanical excavation, wherein the blasting excavation is implemented by adopting a mode that blasting consumables such as explosives and detonators are used for igniting rock-soil bodies, and the mechanical excavation is implemented by utilizing a mode that a rotary cutter is used for crushing surrounding rocks in a tunnel. The mechanical excavation equipment mainly comprises a shield machine and a hard rock tunnel boring machine, and the existing excavation method for engineering excavation mainly comprises blasting excavation and mechanical excavation. The blasting excavation is a traditional excavation mode, and has the advantages that excavation footage is controllable, but the damage range of the surrounding rock is large (reaching tens of centimeters and even larger range), the long-term stability of the engineering is not facilitated, and the surrounding rock is often reinforced by adopting support measures such as anchor spraying and grouting. The mechanical excavation has the advantages that an excavation damage area is small (only tens of millimeters), the peripheral roadway is well formed, and no or only a small amount of supports are needed. However, when the excavation is carried out in medium and hard rock masses, the cutter abrasion loss is large, so that the excavation footage is limited, and the project progress is severely limited. Therefore, how to calculate an excavation method with high advancing length and controllable damage to break rock, especially in extremely hard rock, so as to accelerate the excavation speed, is a key problem to be solved urgently in rock mass excavation engineering construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction, which is a construction method for realizing efficient excavation in extremely hard rock by performing blasting experiments and excavation experiments under different working conditions and tunneling numerical simulation work and formulating a final excavation method. The excavation method is particularly suitable for tunnel engineering of extremely hard rock and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a test method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing a blasting test;
step two: performing excavation test of the development machine;
step three: determining blasting parameters and excavating parameters of the heading machine;
step four: implementing multi-section blasting construction; the method comprises the following steps: and judging the applicability of four different excavation methods, namely blasting excavation, tunneling machine excavation, local section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation and full section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation according to the blasting parameters and the tunneling excavation parameters in the step three.
Step five: excavating by using a tunneling machine;
step six: and optimizing rock excavation parameters.
As mentioned above, the blasting test further includes:
step 1.1, single-hole blasting test:
firstly, performing a single-hole blasting test in a rock body to be constructed, and obtaining the blasting effect of the explosive and the surrounding rock damage influence range according to the difference of blasting parameters such as explosive quantity, hole depth, non-coupling parameters of blast holes, minimum resistance lines and the like during single-hole blasting.
Step 1.2, porous blasting test: and secondly, carrying out a porous blasting test, and obtaining the blasting effect of the explosive and the surrounding rock damage influence range according to different parameters of explosive quantity, hole distribution space distribution, detonation sequence, detonator section and blast hole blocking mode during porous blasting.
Step 1.3, summarizing the blasting effect and the damage range: through the single-hole blasting test in the step 1.1 and the multi-hole blasting test in the step 1.2, the blasting effect and the surrounding rock damage influence range of the explosives under the conditions corresponding to different blasting parameters are summarized.
Step 1.4, obtaining preliminary blasting parameters; and (3) obtaining initial blasting parameters according to the blasting effect of the explosive and the surrounding rock damage range under the conditions of different blasting parameters of the single-hole and multi-hole blasting tests in the step 1.1 and the step 1.2.
The second step as described above: the entry driving machine excavation test still includes:
step 2.1, a thrust torque tunneling test is carried out, and tunneling preliminary excavation parameters are obtained according to the tunneling effect of the tunneling machine; the thrust torque tunneling test parameters comprise: thrust and torque; the thrust parameter range is as follows: 15000 KN-18000 KN, torque: 1000 KNm-2500 KNm;
step 2.2, performing a large penetration tunneling test, wherein the parameters of the large penetration tunneling test comprise: penetration, torque and tool speed; the penetration parameter range is as follows: 1 mm/r-4 mm/r, tool rotation speed: 5rpm to 6 rpm;
step 2.3, the tunneling effect and the damage range are calculated,
step 2.4, obtaining mechanical excavation parameters; according to the tunneling effect and the damage range obtained in the step 2.3, numerical analysis is mainly carried out on the excavation efficiency and the surrounding rock damage of the tunneling machine and the thrust, the torque, the cutter rotating speed and the penetration of the tunneling machine; and obtaining the planned mechanical excavation parameters.
Step three as described above: determining blasting parameters and excavation parameters of the heading machine, comprising the following steps: and (3) simulating the rock mass to be excavated by adopting a numerical simulation method, carrying out numerical analysis of excavation after carrying out the blasting test in the step one, inputting the blasting parameters in the step one and the primary excavation parameters obtained by the excavation test of the excavator into a numerical model, embedding the parameters into the numerical model according to the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock mass to be excavated, such as strength, crack distribution, water conductivity and the like, and optimizing and analyzing to determine the blasting parameters and the excavation parameters.
As the fourth step, the multi-section blasting construction is implemented, and the method further includes: the suitability judgment basis comprises: excavating efficiency of rock mass, damage of surrounding rock, excavating economy, construction organization feasibility and construction period; and then, if the combined excavation of the multi-section blasting-tunneling machine is adopted, the excavation effect under the condition of different section sizes can be continuously simulated so as to determine the section size of the combined excavation.
If the common operation construction of blasting and the heading machine is not needed, judging whether blasting construction or heading machine construction is selected according to parameter analysis results of the blasting test and the heading machine excavation test in the first step and the second step; and further, determining blasting parameters corresponding to the single blasting construction and tunneling machine parameters corresponding to the single tunneling machine construction according to the blasting test and tunneling test results of the tunneling machine.
As the fifth step, the excavation of the heading machine comprises the following steps: observing whether the multi-section blasting effect of the step four reaches expectation, and if so, carrying out excavation construction of the heading machine according to planned excavation parameters of the heading machine; if the result does not reach the expectation, improving the blasting parameters, and continuing to implement the blasting operation until the blasting effect is achieved; and then, performing excavation construction of the tunneling machine according to the planned excavation parameters of the tunneling machine.
Step six as described above: optimizing rock excavation parameters, comprising:
step 6.1, construction work efficiency statistics: the construction efficiency, cutter abrasion, surrounding rock damage, operation environment, worker health, safety and sanitation are mainly evaluated;
step 6.2, blasting parameter and mechanical excavation parameter feedback: feeding back and analyzing the planned tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine according to the evaluation result;
6.3, optimizing rock excavation parameters: and (6) optimizing and drawing the rock excavation parameters according to the feedback result of the step (6.2).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the test method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction provided by the invention is used for designing the blasting test and the blasting parameters to ensure that the excavated rock mass is not thrown after blasting, and then implementing the excavation test of the heading machine to obtain preliminary heading parameters. And then simulating the tunneling effect of the tunneling machine after blasting through numerical analysis, drawing up blasting parameters and tunneling parameters aiming at specific section sizes, performing blasting operation within a certain range, loosening pre-cracked excavated rock mass, and finally performing entry tunneling through the tunneling machine, thereby realizing the construction method in the excavation of the extremely hard rock engineering.
The invention relates to a test method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction, which can draw forth excavation parameters of a heading machine in the construction process according to specific working conditions, combines blasting parameters, performs blasting loosening on a rock mass to be excavated in advance, utilizes the advantages of controllable blasting excavation footage and small damage range of surrounding rock excavated by the heading machine mechanically, can realize high-efficiency excavation and control surrounding rock damage, simultaneously avoids the defects of low excavation speed, high cutter abrasion and the like of the heading machine in extremely hard rock excavation and the defect of large damage of blasting excavation surrounding rock, combines the two construction methods of blasting and heading machine for construction, exerts the advantages of the respective construction methods, and simultaneously avoids the defects of the respective construction methods, thereby achieving good excavation effect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a testing method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed flow chart of the steps of the geotechnical engineering excavation construction test method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples:
the invention discloses a testing method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction, which comprises a blasting test step, wherein the blasting test step is to explore blasting parameters of rocks and matching between the rocks and explosives. And step two, a tunneling test of the tunneling machine is carried out, so that tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine during tunneling are searched. And fourthly, performing a blasting test in advance in a local range or a full-face range of the heading machine, loosening rock masses to be excavated, and performing heading according to heading parameters of the heading machine.
The above steps are respectively elaborated as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a test method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) blasting test:
step 1.1, single-hole blasting test:
firstly, performing a single-hole blasting test in a rock body to be constructed, and obtaining the blasting effect of the explosive and the surrounding rock damage influence range according to the difference of blasting parameters such as explosive quantity, hole depth, non-coupling parameters of blast holes, minimum resistance lines and the like during single-hole blasting.
The explosive quantity range is as follows: 200 g-800 g, hole depth: 1.8 m-8 m, the non-coupling parameters of the blast hole are as follows: 1.0-2.5, the minimum resistant line is: 20 cm-80 cm; uniaxial compressive strength range of rock mass: 100 to 300 MPa;
calculating the blasting effect and the surrounding rock damage influence range of the single-hole blasting test explosive according to the single-hole blasting parameters through a formula (1); equation (1) is as follows:
in the formula (1), Q1Represents the total explosive quantity during single-hole blasting; q represents the wire charge density; l represents the length of the blast hole;
the damage area of the surrounding rock caused by the explosive during blasting is shown, the value is dimensionless,
wherein SiArea of surrounding rock damage, S, caused by a single explosive0The cross section area of the blast hole is shown;
the distribution weight value of the explosive under the condition of different explosive charge arrangements in a single hole is expressed, and the value is dimensionless,
wherein liIs the distribution weight length of a certain single explosive.
Step 1.2, porous blasting test: and secondly, carrying out a porous blasting test, and obtaining the blasting effect of the explosive and the surrounding rock damage influence range according to different parameters of explosive quantity, hole distribution space distribution, detonation sequence, detonator section and blast hole blocking mode during porous blasting.
The blast hole blocking mode comprises the following steps: with and without clogging; the range of the length of the blockage in the case of blockage is as follows: 20-100 cm, wherein the plugging material is the combination of stemming and a high-strength binder;
according to the porous blasting parameters, calculating the blasting effect and the surrounding rock damage influence range of the porous blasting test explosive through a formula (2); equation (2) is as follows:
in the formula (2), Q2Represents the total explosive quantity in the porous blasting;
indicates the explosive charge for well number j; q. q.sjThe line charge density for the hole numbered j; l represents the length of the blast hole;
the damage area of the surrounding rock caused by the explosive during blasting is shown, the value is dimensionless,
wherein SiArea of surrounding rock damage, S, caused by a single explosive0The cross section area of the blast hole is shown;
the distribution weight value of the explosive under the condition of different explosive charge arrangements in a single hole is expressed, and the value is dimensionless,
wherein liIs the distribution weight length of a certain single explosive.
Step 1.3, summarizing the blasting effect and the damage range: through the single-hole blasting test in the step 1.1 and the multi-hole blasting test in the step 1.2, the blasting effect and the surrounding rock damage influence range of the explosives under the conditions corresponding to different blasting parameters are summarized.
Step 1.4, obtaining preliminary blasting parameters; and (3) obtaining initial blasting parameters according to the blasting effect of the explosive and the surrounding rock damage range under the conditions of different blasting parameters of the single-hole and multi-hole blasting tests in the step 1.1 and the step 1.2.
Step two: excavation test of the development machine:
step 2.1, a thrust torque tunneling test is carried out, and tunneling preliminary excavation parameters are obtained according to the tunneling effect of the tunneling machine; the thrust torque tunneling test parameters comprise: thrust and torque; the thrust parameter range is as follows: 15000 KN-18000 KN, torque: 1000 KNm-2500 KNm;
step 2.2, performing a large penetration tunneling test, wherein the parameters of the large penetration tunneling test comprise: penetration, torque and tool speed; the penetration parameter range is as follows: 1 mm/r-4 mm/r, tool rotation speed: 5rpm to 6 rpm;
step 2.3, the tunneling effect and the damage range are calculated,
step 2.4, obtaining mechanical excavation parameters; according to the tunneling effect and the damage range obtained in the step 2.3, numerical analysis is mainly carried out on the excavation efficiency and the surrounding rock damage of the tunneling machine and the thrust, the torque, the cutter rotating speed and the penetration of the tunneling machine; and obtaining the planned mechanical excavation parameters.
Step three: determining blasting parameters and excavation parameters of a heading machine: determining blasting parameters and excavation parameters of the heading machine, comprising the following steps: and (3) simulating the rock mass to be excavated by adopting a numerical simulation method, carrying out numerical analysis of excavation after the blasting test in the step one is implemented, inputting the blasting parameters in the step one and the primary excavation parameters obtained by the excavation test of the excavator into a numerical model, and optimizing and analyzing to determine the blasting parameters and the excavation parameters. Providing theoretical basis and construction parameters for judging construction of subsequent engineering.
Step four: implementing multi-section blasting construction; the method comprises the following steps: planning an excavation mode according to the blasting parameters and the excavation parameters subjected to numerical optimization analysis in the third step; in the numerical simulation process, according to the physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock mass to be excavated, such as strength, crack distribution, water conductivity coefficient and the like, the rock mass is embedded into a numerical model, and the suitability of four different excavation methods, namely blasting excavation, tunneling machine excavation, local section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation and full section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation, is emphatically analyzed and judged.
The suitability evaluation indexes include excavation efficiency of rock mass, damage of surrounding rock, excavation economy, construction organization feasibility, construction period and the like. And then, if the multi-section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation is adopted, the excavation effect under the condition of different section sizes can be continuously simulated so as to determine the section size of the combined excavation.
And if the common operation construction of blasting and the heading machine is not needed, deciding whether to select blasting construction or heading machine construction according to the parameter analysis results of the blasting test and the heading machine excavation test respectively. And further, determining blasting parameters corresponding to the single blasting construction and tunneling machine parameters corresponding to the single tunneling machine construction according to the blasting test and tunneling test results of the tunneling machine.
The invention is more suitable for medium and high strength rock mass, and the uniaxial compressive strength range of the rock mass is as follows: 100-300 MPa, wherein the excavation section of the heading machine is circular, and the diameter range of the section is 2-10 m.
Step five: the excavator excavates, includes: observing whether the multi-section blasting effect of the step four reaches expectation, and if so, carrying out excavation construction of the heading machine according to planned excavation parameters of the heading machine; if the result does not reach the expectation, improving the blasting parameters, and continuing to implement the blasting operation until the blasting effect is achieved; and then, performing excavation construction of the tunneling machine according to the planned excavation parameters of the tunneling machine.
Step six: optimizing rock excavation parameters, comprising:
step 6.1, construction work efficiency statistics: the construction efficiency, cutter abrasion, surrounding rock damage, operation environment, worker health, safety and sanitation are mainly evaluated;
step 6.2, blasting parameter and mechanical excavation parameter feedback: feeding back and analyzing the planned tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine according to the evaluation result;
6.3, optimizing rock excavation parameters: and (6) optimizing and drawing the rock excavation parameters according to the feedback result of the step (6.2).
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, which are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. The prior art can be adopted in the content which is not described in detail in the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A test method for geotechnical engineering excavation construction is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: performing a blasting test;
step two: performing excavation test of the development machine;
step three: determining blasting parameters and excavating parameters of the heading machine;
step four: implementing multi-section blasting construction, comprising: judging the applicability of four different excavation methods, namely blasting excavation, tunneling machine excavation, local section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation and full section blasting-tunneling machine combined excavation according to the blasting parameters and the tunneling excavation parameters in the step three;
step five: excavating by using a tunneling machine;
step six: optimizing rock excavation parameters;
the third step is that: determining blasting parameters and excavation parameters of the heading machine, comprising the following steps: simulating a rock mass to be excavated by adopting a numerical simulation method, carrying out numerical analysis of excavation after carrying out a blasting test in the first step, inputting blasting parameters in the first step and preliminary excavation parameters obtained by a tunneling test of a tunneling machine into a numerical model, embedding the parameters into the numerical model according to the strength, the crack distribution and the physical and mechanical properties of the water conductivity coefficient of the rock mass to be excavated, and optimizing and analyzing to determine the blasting parameters and the excavation parameters;
the sixth step: optimizing rock excavation parameters, comprising:
step 6.1, construction work efficiency statistics: the construction efficiency, cutter abrasion, surrounding rock damage, operation environment, worker health, safety and sanitation are mainly evaluated;
step 6.2, blasting parameter and mechanical excavation parameter feedback: feeding back and analyzing the planned tunneling parameters of the tunneling machine according to the evaluation result;
6.3, optimizing rock excavation parameters: and (6) optimizing and drawing the rock excavation parameters according to the feedback result of the step (6.2).
2. The geotechnical engineering excavation construction test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first step, the blasting test, also includes:
step 1.1, single-hole blasting test:
firstly, performing a single-hole blasting test in a rock mass to be constructed, and obtaining the blasting effect of explosives and the surrounding rock damage influence range according to the difference of explosive quantity, hole depth, non-coupling parameters of blast holes and minimum resistance line blasting parameters during single-hole blasting;
step 1.2, porous blasting test: secondly, carrying out a porous blasting test, and obtaining the blasting effect of the explosive and the surrounding rock damage influence range according to different parameters of explosive quantity, hole distribution space distribution, detonation sequence, detonator section and blast hole blocking mode during porous blasting;
step 1.3, summarizing the blasting effect and the damage range: summarizing the blasting effect of the explosives and the damage influence range of the surrounding rock under the conditions corresponding to different blasting parameters through the step 1.1 single-hole blasting test and the step 1.2 multi-hole blasting test;
step 1.4, obtaining preliminary blasting parameters; and (3) obtaining initial blasting parameters according to the blasting effect of the explosive and the surrounding rock damage range under the conditions of different blasting parameters of the single-hole and multi-hole blasting tests in the step 1.1 and the step 1.2.
3. The geotechnical engineering excavation construction test method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the second step is that: the entry driving machine excavation test still includes:
step 2.1, a thrust torque tunneling test is carried out, and tunneling preliminary excavation parameters are obtained according to the tunneling effect of the tunneling machine; the thrust torque tunneling test parameters comprise: thrust and torque; the thrust parameter range is as follows: 15000 KN-18000 KN, torque: 1000 KNm-2500 KNm;
step 2.2, performing a large penetration tunneling test, wherein the parameters of the large penetration tunneling test comprise: penetration, torque and tool speed; the penetration parameter range is as follows: 1 mm/r-4 mm/r, tool rotation speed: 5rpm to 6 rpm;
step 2.3, the tunneling effect and the damage range are calculated,
step 2.4, obtaining mechanical excavation parameters; calculating the tunneling effect and the damage range according to the step 2.3, and carrying out numerical analysis on the excavation efficiency of the tunneling machine, the surrounding rock damage, the thrust, the torque, the cutter rotating speed and the penetration of the tunneling machine; and obtaining the planned mechanical excavation parameters.
4. The geotechnical engineering excavation construction test method according to claim 3, wherein: the fourth step, implement the blasting construction of many sections, still include: the suitability judgment basis comprises: excavating efficiency of rock mass, damage of surrounding rock, excavating economy, construction organization feasibility and construction period; then, if the combined excavation of the multi-section blasting-tunneling machine is adopted, the excavation effect under the condition of different section sizes can be continuously simulated so as to determine the section size of the combined excavation;
if the common operation construction of blasting and the heading machine is not needed, judging whether blasting construction or heading machine construction is selected according to parameter analysis results of the blasting test and the heading machine excavation test in the first step and the second step; and further, determining blasting parameters corresponding to the single blasting construction and tunneling machine parameters corresponding to the single tunneling machine construction according to the blasting test and tunneling test results of the tunneling machine.
5. The geotechnical engineering excavation construction test method according to claim 4, wherein: step five, the excavation of the heading machine comprises the following steps: observing whether the multi-section blasting effect of the step four reaches expectation, and if so, carrying out excavation construction of the heading machine according to planned excavation parameters of the heading machine; if the result does not reach the expectation, improving the blasting parameters, and continuing to implement the blasting operation until the blasting effect is achieved; and then, performing excavation construction of the tunneling machine according to the planned excavation parameters of the tunneling machine.
6. The geotechnical engineering excavation construction test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rock material includes: the uniaxial compressive strength range of the medium-high strength rock mass is as follows: 100-300 MPa.
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