CN113464121B - Method for determining gamma geosteering drilling track of azimuth while drilling - Google Patents
Method for determining gamma geosteering drilling track of azimuth while drilling Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for determining a gamma geosteering drilling path along with drilling azimuth, which comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting exploration data of a target mining area, and determining a gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data; step 2, determining a gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data; step 3, determining gamma curve amplitude values of different data collection sectors in a target mining area according to the gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient determined in the step 1 and the gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient determined in the step 2, wherein the gamma curve amplitude values comprise an upper gamma curve amplitude value and a lower gamma curve amplitude value; step 4, determining the drilling meeting distance and the vertical distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface according to the collected exploration data; and 5, determining the geosteering drilling track.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of coal and coalbed methane exploitation and detection, and particularly relates to a method for determining a gamma geosteering drilling track along with drilling azimuth.
Background
In recent years, near-horizontal directional drilling technology and equipment in coal mines has evolved rapidly. With the use of comprehensive mechanical coal mining technology in coal fields, the requirements on underground exploration holes, gas extraction hole technology and equipment are gradually increased. Logging while drilling technology is also gradually extending into the coal field, beginning to play an important role.
The gamma logging while drilling can realize the measurement of gamma amplitude values in different directions while drilling by matching with a coal mine drilling machine. At present, the research progress of the gamma logging while drilling for the coal mine is relatively slow in China, and the research is mainly focused on the overall design of instruments and the manual identification of the interface between a relatively simple coal bed and a top/bottom plate. In addition, the directional drilling in the coal mine mainly takes the length of a single drill rod as a spacing point, and the diameter of the drilling in the coal mine is obviously smaller.
At present, the underground coal mine can realize the long-distance drilling and the accurate control of the drilling track, but how to accurately determine the coal-rock interface position so as to ensure that a drill bit can successfully drill a coal seam is still difficult, and the requirement of efficiently extracting gas cannot be met in actual operation, so that a method capable of playing an important role in lithology distinction of the coal seam, a top plate and a bottom plate, and judgment of the position of the drill bit and the interface distance is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the application provides a method for determining a gamma geosteering drilling track along with the drilling direction, which aims to solve the technical problems that the position of a coal-rock interface cannot be accurately determined in the prior art and the smooth drilling of a drill bit into a coal seam is difficult to ensure.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of determining a gamma geosteering drilling trajectory for an azimuth while drilling, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, collecting exploration data of a target mining area, and determining a gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data;
step 2, determining a gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data;
step 3, determining gamma curve amplitude values of different data collection sectors in a target mining area according to the gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient determined in the step 1 and the gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient determined in the step 2, wherein the gamma curve amplitude values comprise an upper gamma curve amplitude value and a lower gamma curve amplitude value;
step 4, determining the drilling meeting distance and the vertical distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface according to the collected exploration data;
and 5, determining a geosteering drilling track according to the upper gamma curve amplitude value and the lower gamma curve amplitude value obtained in the step 3 and the drilling meeting distance and the vertical distance obtained in the step 4.
The application also has the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the gamma-ray intensity formation absorption correction coefficient described in step 1 is determined according to the following formula:
wherein J (ac) is a gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient, ac is a stratum absorption coefficient, eta is a position parameter, and sigma is a scale parameter.
Further, the gamma-ray intensity formation thickness correction factor of step 2 is determined according to the following equation:
wherein, the thickness correction coefficient of the stratum of the intensity of J (H) gamma rays is the thickness of a top plate or a bottom plate of the coal seam, the unit is m, eta is a position parameter, and sigma is a scale parameter.
Further, the gamma curve amplitude values of the different data collection sectors in the mining target area in the step 3 are determined according to the following formula:
f(S i )＝J(H)*J(ac)*N j
wherein f is the amplitude of the gamma curve, the unit is API, S i Gamma count value for the ith data collection sector, and i is an integer ranging from 1 to 8, N j To at S i Gamma ray intensity count values for detection depth j within the data collection sector;
wherein G is 1j 、G 2j 、G 3j 、G 4j The contribution values of gamma ray intensity count values of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument at depth j and with tool face angles of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees are respectively shown, θ is the tool face angle of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, the unit is the angle, V is the drilling speed of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, the unit is m/s, and R is the rotating speed of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, and the unit is R/s.
Further, the drilling distance and the vertical distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface in the step 4 are determined by the following formula:
L＝D/sin(α)-L ac
c L＝L·sin(α)
n D +1 ＝ n D-dep·sin(α)
wherein α=α Stratum layer - n dev
Wherein L is the drilling distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface, and the unit is m; l (L) c The unit is m, which is the vertical distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface; l (L) ac The unit is m for the distance from the azimuth logging while drilling instrument to the drill bit; d is the distance from the detector at the opening point to the coal-rock interface, and the unit is m; alpha is the included angle between the coal-rock interface and the instrument, and the unit is an angle; dep is the measurement interval, and the unit is m; n is the number of measurements, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, dev n The unit is an angle of inclination for the nth measurement of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, and the value range is 0-360 degrees; a, a Stratum layer The unit is the stratum inclination angle, and the value range is 0-360 degrees; d (D) n For the distance from the detector to the coal-rock interface in the nth measurement, the unit is m and D n+1 The unit is m for the distance from the detector to the coal-rock interface in the n+1st measurement.
Further, the step 5 specifically includes:
when the drill bit drills into a coal seam roof from the coal seam, the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are gradually increased, the drilling distance is gradually increased, and when the drilling distance is less than 5-8 m or the vertical distance is 0.1-0.5 m, and the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, the drill bit is adjusted to drill along the original drilling direction at a tool facing angle of 180 degrees;
when the drill bit drills into a coal bed bottom plate from the coal bed, the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are gradually increased, the drilling distance is gradually increased, and when the drilling distance is less than 5-8 m or the vertical distance is 0.1-0.5 m, and the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both more than 70API, the drill bit is adjusted to drill along the original drilling direction by 180 degrees along the tool facing angle of the instrument;
when the drill bit drills along the coal seam, if the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, the drill bit is indicated to enter the top/bottom plate of the coal seam; and if the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are smaller than 50API, the drill bit is indicated to drill along the coal seam.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects:
the method utilizes the azimuth gamma geosteering method to carry out geosteering drilling so as to determine a reasonable drilling track, and effectively solves the problems that the drilling track cannot be monitored in real time in the actual construction process and the drilling track adjustment process is complex, not intuitive and insufficient in effectiveness by adjusting the drilling track in real time in the drilling process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of formation absorption coefficient versus gamma ray intensity for the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of bit-to-interface distance in azimuthal gamma geosteering in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a geosteering drilling trajectory of the present application;
FIG. 5 is the magnitude of the upper and lower gamma curves and the drilling path obtained in example 1 of the present application;
FIG. 6 is the amplitude and trajectory of the up and down gamma curve obtained for the azimuth while drilling tool to bit distance of 1 meter in example 2.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of multi-cluster generalized fracturing of horizontal leg of a horizontal well in example 2;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the effect of multi-cluster temporary plugging and steering staged fracturing on a horizontal well horizontal leg in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present application. It is to be expressly noted that in the description below, detailed descriptions of known functions and designs are omitted here as perhaps obscuring the present application.
In the measurement process of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, when the azimuth logging while drilling instrument is used for measuring in a borehole, the amplitude of the gamma curve is influenced by the lithology, thickness and stratum absorption coefficient of the top/bottom plate of the coal seam in addition to the gamma rays of the coal seam. The probe arranged on the azimuth logging while drilling instrument is utilized to realize azimuth measurement, measured azimuth data are recorded in 8 sectors, then the measured values of the natural gamma intensity of the four azimuth directions are synthesized and uploaded to the ground in real time, and the drilling track of the drill bit can be adjusted in real time according to the obtained data to finish drilling.
The terms involved in the present application are explained as follows:
drilling distance: the distance of the drill bit from the coal-rock interface along the drilling direction.
Vertical distance: the vertical line distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface.
Tool facing angle: refers to the angle of the tool face after the deflecting tool is lowered to the bottom of the well.
Coal-rock interface: the coal seam top/bottom plate refers to rock strata positioned above and below a coal seam by a certain distance in a coal system, and the rock strata positioned below the coal seam and generated before the coal seam are bottom plates according to a deposition sequence under the normal condition; the rock formation located above the coal seam after formation of the coal seam is called a roof, and the interface of the coal seam and the rock formation is called a coal-rock interface.
Example 1
Following the above technical solution, the present embodiment provides a method for determining a while-drilling azimuth gamma geosteering drilling trajectory, including the following steps:
step 1, collecting exploration data of a target mining area, and determining a gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data; the collected exploration data specifically comprises the thickness of a target coal seam, the thickness of a top/bottom plate of the target coal seam, the distance from a logging-while-drilling azimuth logging instrument arranged on a drill bit to the drill bit, the measurement interval, the included angle between a coal-rock interface and the instrument, the formation dip angle, the formation absorption coefficient, the distance from a detector at an opening point to the coal-rock interface and the like.
In this embodiment, a three-layer stratum model is first built to perform a simulation experiment, the thickness of a coal seam roof is 5m, the thickness of a coal seam bottom plate is 3m, the thickness of a coal seam is 5m, the distance Lac from an azimuth logging while drilling instrument to a drill bit is 1m, the distance d=2m from a detector to a coal-rock interface at an open pore point, the measurement interval dep is 0.3m, the stratum absorption coefficient ac is 0.15, the position parameter η is 0, the scale parameter σ is 1, the natural gamma amplitude of the coal seam is 15API, the natural gamma amplitude of the coal seam roof is 60API, the natural gamma amplitude of the coal seam bottom plate is 90API, the open pore inclination angle is 0 °, the angle between the coal-rock interface and the instrument obtained by calculating the open pore inclination angle is 0 °, wherein the angle a between the coal-rock interface and the stratum a of the instrument (azimuth logging while drilling instrument) is=the open pore inclination angle-inclination angle a Stratum layer 。
The gamma ray intensity formation absorption correction factor is determined by:
wherein J (ac) is a gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient, ac is a stratum absorption coefficient, eta is a position parameter, and sigma is a scale parameter.
Substituting the parameters into the above formula to obtain the gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient J (ac) of 10.95.
Step 2, determining a gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data; the gamma ray intensity formation thickness correction factor is determined according to the following equation:
substituting the parameters into the above formula to obtain the gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient J (H) of 4.567.
Step 3, determining gamma curve amplitude values of different data collection sectors in a target mining area according to the gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient determined in the step 1 and the gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient determined in the step 2, wherein the gamma curve amplitude values comprise an upper gamma curve amplitude value and a lower gamma curve amplitude value; and carrying out connection operation on the obtained upper gamma curve amplitude and lower gamma curve amplitude to obtain an upper gamma curve and a lower gamma curve.
The gamma curve magnitudes for the different data collection sectors are determined according to the following equation:
f(S i )＝J(H)*J(ac)*N j
wherein f is the amplitude of the gamma curve, the unit is API, S i Gamma count value for the ith data collection sector, and i is an integer ranging from 1 to 8, N j To at S i Gamma ray intensity count values for detection depth j within the data collection sector;
in the exploration and development of coal bed gas, the azimuth logging instrument while drilling drills along the coal bed, the natural radioactivity of the top/bottom plate of the coal bed is generally greatly different from that of the coal bed, therefore, when a drill bit meets the coal-rock interface, the coal-rock interface can be distinguished through the conversion sequence of the amplitude values of an upper gamma curve and a lower gamma curve and the inclinometry data, so that the direction of the drill bit can be timely adjusted, and the drilling along the coal bed is maintained, in the above formula, under the condition that the thickness of the coal bed and the thickness of the top/bottom plate of the coal bed are fixed, J (H) and J (ac) are fixed values, but N j Is variable, so the gamma curve amplitude is as N j Variable which changes and changes, N j The value can be obtained by the following method,
wherein G is 1j 、G 2j 、G 3j 、G 4j The contribution values of gamma ray intensity count values of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument at depth j and with tool face angles of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees are respectively shown, θ is the tool face angle of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, the unit is the angle, V is the drilling speed of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, the unit is m/s, and R is the rotating speed of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, and the unit is R/s.
Step 4, determining the drilling meeting distance and the vertical distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface according to the collected exploration data;
L＝D/sin(α)-L ac
c L＝L·sin(α)
n D +1 ＝ n D-dep·sin(α)
wherein α=α Stratum layer - n dev
Wherein L is the drilling distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface, and the unit is m; l (L) c The unit is m, which is the vertical distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface; l (L) ac The unit is m for the distance from the azimuth logging while drilling instrument to the drill bit; d is the distance from the detector at the opening point to the coal-rock interface, and the unit is m; alpha is the included angle between the coal-rock interface and the instrument, and the unit is an angle; dep is the measurement interval, and the unit is m; n is the number of measurements, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, dev n The unit is an angle of inclination for the nth measurement of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, and the value range is 0-360 degrees; a, a Stratum layer The unit is the stratum inclination angle, and the value range is 0-360 degrees; d (D) n For the distance from the detector to the coal-rock interface in the nth measurement, the unit is m and D n+1 The unit is m for the distance from the detector to the coal-rock interface in the n+1st measurement.
And 5, determining a geosteering drilling track according to the upper gamma curve amplitude value and the lower gamma curve amplitude value obtained in the step 3 and the drilling meeting distance and the vertical distance obtained in the step 4.
When the drill bit drills into a coal seam roof from the coal seam, the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are gradually increased, the drilling distance is gradually increased, and when the drilling distance is less than 5-8 m or the vertical distance is 0.1-0.5 m, and the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, the drill bit is adjusted to drill along the original drilling direction at a tool facing angle of 180 degrees;
when the drill bit drills into a coal bed bottom plate from the coal bed, the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are gradually increased, the drilling distance is gradually increased, and when the drilling distance is less than 5-8 m or the vertical distance is 0.1-0.5 m, and the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both more than 70API, the drill bit is adjusted to drill along the original drilling direction by 180 degrees along the tool facing angle of the instrument;
when the drill bit drills along the coal seam, if the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, the drill bit is indicated to enter the top/bottom plate of the coal seam; and if the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are smaller than 50API, the drill bit is indicated to drill along the coal seam.
According to the method, gamma curve amplitudes of different data collection sectors are obtained by calculation, wherein the gamma curve amplitudes comprise an upper gamma curve amplitude and a lower gamma curve amplitude, so as to obtain a drilling track curve, and as shown in the figure 5, after the drilling is carried out, a drill bit gradually adjusts the track to drill to a top plate, and when the drilling depth reaches 50m, the measurement dip angle (i.e. the well dip angle in the figure) measured by a while-drilling azimuth logging instrument n 2.5 DEG, when the distance L from the logging instrument to the drill bit is measured along with the drilling direction ac When=1m, the drilling distance L from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface is greater than L ac And when the amplitudes of the upper and lower gamma curves are both smaller than 50API, the drill bit is proved to drill along the coal seam.
When the drilling depth reaches 70m, the measurement dip angle displayed by the inclinometer is 4 degrees, the lower gamma curve amplitude value displayed by the azimuth logging while drilling instrument is 15API, the upper gamma curve amplitude value is 30API, and the drilling contact distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface is L 70 As can be seen from the curve values and the drilling contact distance analysis of the bit to the coal-rock interface, the upper gamma curve amplitude is greater than the lower gamma curve amplitude and the drilling contact distance of the bit to the coal-rock interface is reducedAnd when the amplitude of the upper and lower gamma curves is smaller than 50API, the drill bit is drilled along the coal seam.
When the drilling depth reaches 85m, the measurement inclination angle displayed by the inclinometer is 5 degrees, the measurement of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument displays that the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are 60API, and the drilling contact distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface is L 85 The curve values and the drilling distance analysis of the drill bit to coal-rock interface show that the drill bit has entered the coal seam roof.
And when the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, adjusting the drill bit to drill along the original drilling direction instrument tool facing angle of 180 degrees, so that the drilling track returns to the coal seam again.
When the drilling depth reaches 270m, the measurement inclination angle displayed by the inclinometer is-5 degrees, the measurement of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument displays that the amplitude of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are 60API, the drilling contact distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface is 1.2m, and the drill contact distance analysis from the curve value and the drill bit to the coal-rock interface shows that the drill bit is still positioned in the coal seam roof and gradually approaches the coal seam.
When the drilling depth reaches 290m, the measurement inclination angle displayed by the inclinometer is-6 degrees, the measurement of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument displays that the lower gamma curve amplitude is 30API, the upper gamma curve amplitude is 40API, the drilling distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface is 1m, and the drill bit enters the coal seam according to the curve value and the drilling distance analysis from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface.
When the drilling depth reaches 300m, the measurement inclination angle displayed by the inclinometer is-6.2 degrees, the amplitude values of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are 15API (application program interface) as measured by the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, the drilling contact distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface is 2m, and the drill bit is still in the coal layer according to the curve value and the drilling contact distance analysis from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface.
When the drilling depth reaches 340m, the inclinometer displays that the currently measured measurement inclination angle is-8.2 degrees, the measurement of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument displays that the amplitude of the upper gamma curve and the amplitude of the lower gamma curve are 90API, the drilling contact distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface is 2m, and the drill bit is known to enter the coal seam bottom plate through the curve value and the drilling contact distance analysis between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface.
At this time, when the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, the drill bit is adjusted to drill along the original drilling direction instrument tool facing angle of 180 degrees, so that the drill bit returns to the coal seam again.
A geosteering drilling path schematic of the present application as shown in fig. 4 may be obtained using the method of the present application. The method can calculate the distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface in real time, judge and predict the state of the drilling top layer in time, adjust the track to drill in the target direction at the first time, improve the drilling meeting rate and the drilling efficiency, and avoid ineffective drilling in the existing drilling process.
Under the same working condition, the conventional method is adopted to drill, the drilling of a 1500m horizontal well can be completed in 10 days, and the method can complete the drilling 5 days in advance, so that the efficiency is doubled, the construction period is greatly shortened, the construction efficiency is improved, and the cost of enterprises is reduced.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the target mining area is a certain mining area in Huai north, which is a typical high-gas outburst mining area in China, has a complex geological structure and serious gas disasters, and has occurred too many gas outburst and explosion accidents, so that the development of gas pre-extraction before coal mining is very necessary. The underground conventional method adopts the ground plate rock roadway layer-penetrating drilling or coal roadway layer-following horizontal drilling to pre-extract gas, and because the coal seam is crushed and soft and low in permeability, the single-hole gas extraction amount is low, the extraction standard reaching time is long, and the extraction and succession contradiction is quite prominent. The vertical fracturing vertical well is adopted for ground coal bed gas extraction in the initial stage, so that a certain effect is achieved, but the method has the defects of long extraction time, small single well control area, large peripheral engineering quantity and the like.
Therefore, data of the exploratory well and the coalbed methane development well in the earlier stage of the target mining area are collected, and a roof horizontal well is constructed in the coal mining area after 8 years.
The embodiment provides a method for extracting coal bed gas of a horizontal well by fracturing a top plate or a bottom plate of a crushed soft low-permeability coal bed in a segmented manner, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining that a horizontal well type is U-shaped for a target mining area because the target mining area has less geological exploration data in the earlier stage, the average well distance of exploration holes is 400-500 m, and no working face full coverage requirement exists.
S2, determining the well position of the horizontal well according to the collected exploration data;
the contour line of the coal seam roof where the horizontal section of the horizontal well is positioned is ensured to be 5m higher than that of the coal seam roof where the vertical well position is positioned, so that the later drainage and gas production are facilitated.
And S3, determining 19-58 layers of binary coals in the well field of the Huaibei mine according to the exploration data of the target mining area collected in the earlier stage, wherein 8 layers of the recoverable and locally recoverable coal layers are formed, the upper 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 coal layers are thin coal layers, the ash content is high, the coal layer stability is poor, only the recoverable and locally recoverable coal layers are formed, and the average recoverable total thickness is 31.75m. 8. The coal beds 9 and 10 are the main coal mining layers of the mining area. The 8 coal seam and the 9 coal seam are relatively close to each other in the longitudinal direction, so that the 8 coal seam and the 9 coal seam are used as target coal seams for the development of the coal seam gas, and the horizontal well is arranged in a coal seam roof above the top surface of the 8 coal seam.
In this embodiment, a fracturing simulation test is performed by using three-dimensional fracturing numerical simulation software MFrac Suite, and a horizontal well horizontal section is arranged in a coal seam roof to obtain the extension data of a fracturing crack when the distance between the horizontal well horizontal section and the top surface of the coal seam is 0.5 m-8 m, and the result is as follows:
when the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is 0.5m, the half length of the fracturing seam is as follows: 91.23 m, the total height of the fracture is: 55.297 meters, the height of the crack above the top surface of the coal seam is: 29.702 meters, the height of the lower pressure crack below the top surface of the coal seam is: 25.595 meters;
when the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is 1.0m, the half length of the fracturing seam is as follows: 86.109 m, the total height of the fracture is: 58.964 meters, the height of the crack above the top surface of the coal seam is: 31.915 meters, the height of the lower pressure crack below the top surface of the coal seam is: 27.049 meters;
when the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is 2.0m, the half length of the fracturing seam is as follows: 85.132 m, the total height of the fracture is: 61.068 meters, the height of the crack above the top surface of the coal seam is: 33.084 meters, the height of the lower pressure crack below the top surface of the coal seam is: 27.984 meters;
when the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is 4.0m, the half length of the fracturing seam is as follows: 80.155 m, the total height of the fracture is: 66.728 meters, the height of the crack above the top surface of the coal seam is: 36.361 meters, the height of the lower pressure crack below the top surface of the coal seam is: 30.367 meters;
when the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is 8.0m, the half length of the fracturing seam is as follows: 74.356 m, the total height of the fracture is: 74.621 meters, the height of the crack above the top surface of the coal seam is: 41.161 meters, the height of the lower pressure crack below the top surface of the coal seam is: 33.46 meters.
From the data, it can be seen that the horizontal well horizontal section is arranged in the coal seam roof, and the crack can cross the interface between the coal seam and the coal seam roof to realize the penetrating expansion, so that the lower coal seam is communicated, and a channel is provided for coal seam gas to enter the shaft.
When the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is increased from 0.5m to 8m, the height of the crack is increased slightly, and the height of the crack above the top surface of the coal seam is also increased gradually, so that the coal seam gas seepage flow is not greatly assisted in the shaft of the horizontal section of the horizontal well.
When the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is smaller than 0.5m, the horizontal section of the horizontal well is easy to drill into a target crushed soft coal layer during drilling, on one hand, underground accidents such as drilling burying and jamming are easy to occur, and on the other hand, the coal seam is easy to be polluted.
When the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is greater than 8m, the invalid crack length above the top surface of the coal seam is greatly increased during fracturing, so that the invalid investment during fracturing construction is increased, on the other hand, the larger the distance is, the more complex the stratum condition between the shaft of the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the coal seam is, the contact interface between the stratum is increased, and the difficulty of communicating the hydraulic fracturing crack with the coal seam is increased.
In addition, the smaller the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam is, the more the crack can rapidly penetrate and spread into the lower coal seam after being cracked from the top plate, the shorter the crack penetrating and spreading time is, and the smaller the height of the crack above the top surface of the coal seam is, namely the smaller the length of the generated invalid crack is.
In this embodiment, the height H of the seam below the top surface of the coal seam is preset coal 15m, because the total thickness of the 8 seam top to 9 seam bottom surfaces in the target zone averages about 15m,when the height of the crack below the top surface of the coal bed is more than or equal to 15m, a channel can be provided for the coal bed gas flow of the 8 coal bed and the 9 coal bed. The preset fracture half length L is 80-100 m, and the good extraction effect can be obtained when the fracture half length is in the interval by combining the past construction experience of the mining area and the capacity numerical simulation.
In order to achieve the preset values of the crack length and the crack height above the top surface of the coal seam, the distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top surface of the coal seam should be less than 4.0m, and in order to promote the crack to extend from the top plate of the coal seam into the lower coal seam.
Thus, in this embodiment, the vertical distance between the horizontal well horizontal section and the top/bottom surface of the coal seam is set to 0.5-2.0 m. Preferably, the vertical distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top/bottom surface of the coal seam is 1.5 meters.
And S4, combining with the Chinese ground stress distribution diagram, and setting the horizontal well horizontal section layout azimuth angle to be 0 degrees according to the ground stress direction of the mining area obtained by cross dipole acoustic logging interpretation.
S5, drilling the vertical well, and completing drilling of a horizontal well by one or two times; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
In this embodiment, the vertical well belongs to a coalbed methane parameter well and a production well, and is also a drainage well of a later horizontal well, the design well depth of the vertical well is 816.00m, and the actual drilling well depth is 806.00m. In the drilling process, parameters such as burial depth, thickness, structure and the like of the coal bed are required to be obtained, and the coal bed gas content and injection/pressure drop well test are completed.
The vertical well adopts a two-open well structure. And (5) drilling the first drill hole to a depth of 256.50m and drilling the second drill hole to a depth of 806.00m. And (5) after drilling, putting down a production sleeve with the diameter of 177.8mm, and cementing.
In order to facilitate the subsequent butt joint and hole reaming and hole making operation of the horizontal well, a glass fiber reinforced plastic casing is adopted at the position of 724.9 m-733.15 m for well completion, and the total position of 726.65-731.15 m is reamed and hole making is carried out for 4.50m, wherein the diameter of the hole is 0.5m.
Then constructing a pilot hole well, logging while drilling, determining a guiding layer position, burying the pilot hole well, and casing and cementing after sidetrack drilling to a landing site; in order to ensure that the vertical distance between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top/bottom surface of the coal seam is about 1.5m, in the construction process, the inclined pilot hole well is drilled first to detect the position of the coal seam so as to realize the accurate control of landing points when the horizontal section of the horizontal well drills.
S6, performing horizontal section geosteering of the horizontal well by using a while-drilling azimuth gamma geosteering drilling path determining method, adjusting the drilling path of the horizontal section of the horizontal well in real time, enabling the drilling path of the drill bit to be positioned in a target coal seam, and enabling the vertical distance determined in the step S3 to be kept between the horizontal section of the horizontal well and the top/bottom surface of the coal seam;
comprises the following substeps:
s6.1, collecting exploration data of a target mining area, and determining a gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data;
s6.2, determining a gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data;
step S6.3, determining gamma curve amplitude values of different data collection sectors in a target mining area according to the gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient determined in the step S6.1 and the gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient determined in the step S6.2, wherein the gamma curve amplitude values comprise an upper gamma curve amplitude value and a lower gamma curve amplitude value;
s6.4, determining the drilling distance and the vertical distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface according to the collected exploration data;
and S6.5, determining a geosteering drilling path according to the upper gamma curve amplitude and the lower gamma curve amplitude obtained in the step S6.3 and the drilling distance and the vertical distance obtained in the step S6.4.
In this embodiment, when the azimuth logging while drilling instrument is used to perform horizontal well horizontal section geosteering drilling, the azimuth logging while drilling instrument is arranged on the drill collar to obtain a real-time gamma curve amplitude, where the gamma curve amplitude includes an upper gamma curve amplitude and a lower gamma curve amplitude, and specific results refer to fig. 6, it should be noted that, in fig. 6, the depth unit is hundred meters, as shown in fig. 6, the drill bit drills along the coal seam first, when the drilling depth reaches about 700 meters, the upper and lower gamma curve amplitudes all become progressively larger, and the upper gamma curve amplitude becomes larger before the lower gamma curve amplitude, during this process, the drilling distance is reduced first and then increased, so that the drill bit is instructed to drill the coal-rock interface at this time, and when the upper and lower gamma curve amplitudes reach about 78API and the drilling depth reaches about 800 meters, the upper and lower gamma curve amplitudes no longer change, which indicates that the drill bit has penetrated out of the coal seam and is in the coal seam roof, at this time, the drilling track of the drill bit needs to be adjusted, and the tool faces 180 ° along the original drilling direction.
When the drilling depth is 800-2850 m, the amplitude of the upper and lower gamma curves is unchanged, and the drill bit is still drilled in the coal seam roof at the moment.
When the drilling depth reaches 2850-2950 meters, the amplitude of the upper and lower gamma curves is gradually changed from about 78API to less than 20API, and the amplitude of the lower gamma curve is smaller than that of the upper gamma curve, in the process, the drilling meeting distance is reduced and then increased, and the amplitude of the upper and lower gamma curves is obviously reduced, so that the drill bit enters the coal seam.
When the drilling depth reaches 2950-3300 m, the amplitude of the upper and lower gamma curves is kept unchanged, and the drill bit is indicated to drill in the coal seam at the moment.
When the drilling depth exceeds 3300 m, the upper and lower gamma curve amplitude values are gradually increased again and the lower gamma curve amplitude value is increased before the upper gamma curve amplitude value, so that the drill bit is indicated to meet the coal seam bottom plate, the upper and lower gamma curve amplitude values reach about 120API, the upper and lower gamma curve amplitude values are not changed any more, the drill bit is indicated to drill in the coal seam bottom plate, and the drilling track of the drill bit is required to be adjusted.
In actual construction, according to experience, when the coal seam is drilled, if the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, the drill bit is indicated to enter the top/bottom plate of the coal seam; if the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are smaller than 50API, the drill bit is required to drill along the coal seam, or the drilling direction of the drill bit is required to be adjusted when the drilling meeting distance is smaller than 5-8 m or the vertical distance is 0.1-0.5 m.
S7, carrying out sectional packing on a horizontal section of the horizontal well, carrying out directional perforation or multi-cluster directional perforation in the direction of the coal bed, and then carrying out multi-cluster temporary plugging steering sectional fracturing construction;
in this embodiment, the length of the horizontal section of the horizontal well to be laid is about 800m, the interval between the fracturing sections is set to be 80m, the number of temporary plugging perforation clusters in each section is 3, the cluster interval is 20m, and the first bridge plug is placed in a position 20m away from the vertical well shaft.
In the staged fracturing construction process, perforating a first section of a horizontal well by adopting a cable pumping bridge plug perforation combined mode, after the bridge plug reaches the designed well depth, performing a pressing test for 5min, and if the pressure is not reduced, completing setting of a perforation cluster of the first section; then lifting up the perforating gun to fire perforation; continuously lifting the perforating gun to the perforating position of the second cluster of the first section, and igniting the perforating; and continuously lifting the perforating gun to the perforating position of the third cluster of the first section, igniting perforation, and carrying out total perforation of 3 clusters, wherein the perforation density of each section is 14 holes/meter, and the perforation density of each section is 1.5 m. After perforation is successful, pumping a pad fluid, a sand carrying fluid and a displacement fluid, and carrying out fracturing construction of the first section, wherein the proportion of the pad fluid is 40%, and the formula of the fracturing fluid is as follows: clear water, 1 percent KCl and 0.05 percent bactericide, propping agent is Lanzhou quartz sand, and the injection displacement of fracturing fluid is 10m 3 And/min, wherein the average sand ratio is 10-15%.
After the fracturing construction of all the fracturing sections is completed, the horizontal sections of the horizontal well are subjected to total fracturing of 9 sections and 27 clusters.
To verify the effect of injection displacement variation on fracture, a comparative experiment was performed, and the results are shown in fig. 7 and 8, wherein fig. 7 shows the fracture morphology when injected at a constant displacement of 30mL/min, and fig. 8 shows the fracture morphology when the initial displacement is 30mL/min, and the 30s immediately after the fracture of the coal seam is switched to 20 mL/min.
Compared with the conventional multi-cluster general fracturing construction, the method has the advantages that in the multi-cluster temporary plugging steering staged fracturing construction, the injection displacement of the front liquid in the initial stage is 11-15 m 3 And/min, then reducing to 8-10 m 3 And/min, thereby achieving the purpose of 'promoting crack penetration by large displacement, promoting crack uniform expansion by medium and low displacement'. In both injection modes, the fracture realizes the penetrating expansion across the coal-rock interface, but under the condition of injecting at a constant displacement of 30mL/min, the fracture area in the coal seam roof is small, and when the initial displacement is 30mL/min, the coal seam is cut immediately after being broken for 30sWhen the flow rate is changed to 20ml/min, the cracks in the coal seam roof and the coal seam develop more fully, the area of the cracks is larger, and the later drainage is facilitated.
And S8, performing flowback and well flushing operation after finishing multi-cluster temporary plugging steering staged fracturing construction, and then performing coal bed gas drainage and gas production.
S8.1, after the open flow flowback operation is finished, a milling pipe column is put in to uniformly drill and mill bridge plugs, after all bridge plugs of the horizontal section of the horizontal well are completely milled, the milling pipe column is continuously put down to the artificial bottom of the horizontal well, clean water with the volume being 1.5 times that of the shaft of the horizontal well is positively circulated, and then the milling pipe column is put out;
s8.2, performing circulating well flushing operation on the horizontal shaft, observing outlet returned liquid condition until the water quality of the outlet is consistent, and stopping well flushing operation when the outlet liquid is clean and free of impurity dirt;
and S8.3, installing horizontal well drainage equipment according to drainage design specification requirements, and conducting drainage operation on the horizontal well.
Claims (2)
1. A method of determining a gamma geosteering drilling trajectory for an azimuth while drilling, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, collecting exploration data of a target mining area, and determining a gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data;
step 2, determining a gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient in the target mining area according to the collected exploration data;
step 3, determining gamma curve amplitude values of different data collection sectors in a target mining area according to the gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient determined in the step 1 and the gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient determined in the step 2, wherein the gamma curve amplitude values comprise an upper gamma curve amplitude value and a lower gamma curve amplitude value;
step 4, determining the drilling meeting distance and the vertical distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface according to the collected exploration data;
step 5, determining a geosteering drilling track according to the upper gamma curve amplitude value and the lower gamma curve amplitude value obtained in the step 3 and the drilling meeting distance and the vertical distance obtained in the step 4;
the gamma ray intensity formation absorption correction factor described in step 1 is determined according to the following equation:
wherein J (ac) is a gamma ray intensity stratum absorption correction coefficient, ac is a stratum absorption coefficient, eta is a position parameter, and sigma is a scale parameter;
the gamma ray intensity formation thickness correction factor described in step 2 is determined according to the following equation:
wherein J (H) is the gamma ray intensity stratum thickness correction coefficient, H is the thickness of a coal seam roof or floor,
unit (B)
M, eta is a position parameter, and sigma is a scale parameter;
the gamma curve amplitude values of the different data collection sectors described in step 3:
f(S i )＝J(H)*J(ac)*N j
wherein f is the amplitude of the gamma curve, the unit is API, S i Gamma count value for the ith data collection sector, and i is an integer ranging from 1 to 8, N j To at S i Gamma ray intensity count values for detection depth j within the data collection sector;
wherein G is 1j 、G 2j 、G 3j 、G 4j The contribution values of gamma ray intensity count values of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument at depth j and tool facing angles of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG are respectively, and theta is the azimuth while drilling instrumentThe tool face angle of the position logging instrument is in degrees, V is the drilling speed of the position logging instrument while drilling, in m/s, R is the rotating speed of the position logging instrument while drilling, and in R/s;
and (3) determining the drilling contact distance and the vertical distance between the drill bit and the coal-rock interface in the step (4) by the following formula:
L＝D/sin(α)-L ac
c L＝L·sin(α)
n D +1 ＝ n D-depsin(α)
wherein α=α Stratum layer - n dev
Wherein L is the drilling distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface, and the unit is m; l (L) c The unit is m, which is the vertical distance from the drill bit to the coal-rock interface; l (L) ac The unit is m for the distance from the azimuth logging while drilling instrument to the drill bit; d is the distance from the detector at the opening point to the coal-rock interface, and the unit is m; alpha is the included angle between the coal-rock interface and the instrument, and the unit is an angle; dep is the measurement interval, and the unit is m; n is the number of measurements, n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, dev n The unit is an angle of inclination for the nth measurement of the azimuth logging while drilling instrument, and the value range is 0-360 degrees; a, a Stratum layer The unit is the stratum inclination angle, and the value range is 0-360 degrees; d (D) n For the distance from the detector to the coal-rock interface in the nth measurement, the unit is m and D n+1 The unit is m for the distance from the detector to the coal-rock interface in the n+1st measurement.
2. The method for determining a gamma geosteering drilling path for a azimuth while drilling as defined in claim 1, wherein said step 5 comprises:
when the drill bit drills into a coal seam roof from the coal seam, the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are gradually increased, the drilling distance is gradually increased, and when the drilling distance is less than 5-8 m or the vertical distance is 0.1-0.5 m, and the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, the drill bit is adjusted to drill along the original drilling direction at a tool facing angle of 180 degrees;
when the drill bit drills into a coal bed bottom plate from the coal bed, the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are gradually increased, the drilling distance is gradually increased, and when the drilling distance is less than 5-8 m or the vertical distance is 0.1-0.5 m, and the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both more than 70API, the drill bit is adjusted to drill along the original drilling direction by 180 degrees along the tool facing angle of the instrument;
when the drill bit drills along the coal seam, if the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are both over 70API, the drill bit is indicated to enter the top/bottom plate of the coal seam; and if the amplitudes of the upper gamma curve and the lower gamma curve are smaller than 50API, the drill bit is indicated to drill along the coal seam.
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| CN113605874B (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-10 | 山西蓝焰煤层气集团有限责任公司 | Method for extracting coal bed gas of broken soft coal bed top and bottom double-layer horizontal well |
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| CN113530497B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-07 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Turning radial well device and sectional guiding horizontal fracturing well coal bed gas extraction method |
| CN114294059A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-08 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | High-precision control method for hydraulic fracturing layer of hard rock stratum |
| CN114439428B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-08-25 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Enhanced extraction method for coal bed gas horizontal well of coal group under goaf group |
| CN115628100B (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-01-23 | 铁福来装备制造集团股份有限公司 | Coal seam punching and hole making method |
| CN116291353B (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2024-03-15 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Method for expanding in-situ leaching solvent sweep range of sandstone uranium ores |
| CN117027934A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-11-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Water-bearing layer drainage hole arrangement method for coal mine roof water damage treatment |
| CN117287177A (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-12-26 | 甘肃靖远煤电股份有限公司魏家地煤矿 | Coal-bed gas well aerodynamic hole making method based on continuous pressure holding and releasing |
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