CN113834393A - Internal-throwing type step blasting method - Google Patents
Internal-throwing type step blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113834393A CN113834393A CN202111126897.9A CN202111126897A CN113834393A CN 113834393 A CN113834393 A CN 113834393A CN 202111126897 A CN202111126897 A CN 202111126897A CN 113834393 A CN113834393 A CN 113834393A
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- hole
- holes
- peripheral
- throwing
- cracking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/30—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/18—Plugs for boreholes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses an internal-throwing type step blasting method, which comprises the following steps: sequentially arranging an inner polishing hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral pre-splitting hole, a step pre-splitting hole and a step peripheral hole on a working surface; loading the common medicine roll into the inner throwing hole, the auxiliary hole, the peripheral pre-splitting hole, the step pre-splitting hole and the step peripheral hole; sealing; and (5) slightly detonating. The invention changes the throwing direction of the rock after the blast hole is exploded by arranging the inner throwing hole which is firstly detonated and adjusting the free surfaces of other blast holes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining construction, in particular to an internal throwing type bench blasting method.
Background
In the mining of resources in open-pit mines, bench blasting becomes the main mining means. In order to improve the mining efficiency, many open-pit mines adopt multiple types to be mined simultaneously from top to bottom, so that a good transportation channel is required. In the common step blasting, a blasting hole needs to be formed in a working face, after the blasting is carried out, the rock throwing direction is the direction of the step face, the outer side of the step is a transportation channel, and the thrown rock can easily damage the transportation channel or smash workers and machines on the lower layer during blasting. Therefore, it is necessary to design an internal-throwing bench blasting method to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an internal-throwing type step blasting method, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, reduce blasting splash and improve the safety of personnel and equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides an internal-throwing type step blasting method, which comprises the following steps:
opening a hole: a plurality of inner throwing holes, a plurality of peripheral pre-cracking holes, a plurality of auxiliary blasting layers, a plurality of step pre-cracking holes and a plurality of step peripheral holes are respectively arranged on the working surface;
preparing the medicine: filling the detonator into an explosive cartridge to manufacture a common explosive cartridge for detonation;
filling medicine: sequentially loading the common cartridges into the inner throwing hole, the peripheral pre-cracking hole, the auxiliary blasting layer, the step pre-cracking hole and the step peripheral hole;
and (3) sealing: sealing the inner throwing hole, the peripheral pre-cracking hole, the auxiliary blasting layer, the step pre-cracking hole and the step peripheral hole by using stemming;
and (3) ignition: and (5) slightly detonating.
Preferably, in the step of drilling, the inner throwing hole is arranged at the center of the working face, and a plurality of auxiliary blasting layers are sequentially arranged on the two transverse sides of the inner throwing hole; the step pre-splitting holes and the step peripheral holes are sequentially arranged below the inner throwing holes from top to bottom.
Preferably, the distance from the step peripheral hole to the step surface is 1.2-1.5 times of the distance from the step peripheral hole to the step pre-split hole.
Preferably, in the step of filling the explosive, the dosage of the common explosive roll arranged inside the inner throwing hole and the auxiliary blasting layer is the same; the loading amount of the common cartridges arranged in the peripheral pre-splitting holes is one third of that of the inner polishing holes, and the loading amount of the common cartridges arranged in the peripheral holes of the steps is half of that of the inner polishing holes.
Preferably, in the step of closing, the stepped peripheral hole stemming 1/3 is of a length of the other holes.
Preferably, in the ignition step, the sequence of the differential initiation is as follows: the inner throwing hole is detonated first, and the peripheral pre-cracking holes, the step pre-cracking holes, the auxiliary blasting layers and the step peripheral holes are detonated sequentially.
Preferably, the initiation sequence of the auxiliary blasting layers is from the center to the edge of the working face.
Preferably, the inner throwing holes, the peripheral pre-splitting holes, the auxiliary blasting layer, the step pre-splitting holes and the step peripheral holes are arranged on the working face at equal intervals in the transverse direction and at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction.
Preferably, the inner throwing holes, the peripheral pre-cracking holes, the auxiliary blasting layer, the step pre-cracking holes and the step peripheral holes are arranged in a staggered mode between two longitudinally adjacent rows.
Preferably, the inner throwing hole and the working face form an angle of 75-85 degrees, the peripheral pre-cracking hole, the auxiliary blasting layer, the step pre-cracking hole and the step peripheral hole are respectively vertical to the working face.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. the inner throwing hole is firstly detonated, and a free surface is formed for the auxiliary hole, the peripheral pre-splitting holes and the step pre-splitting holes, so that the rock breaking efficiency of blasting other blast holes can be increased, and the rock throwing direction can be changed more importantly, and the broken rock is not thrown towards the step direction any more.
2. The step pre-splitting holes are preferentially used for assisting hole initiation, so that the propagation of explosive stress waves and explosive gases to the step direction can be blocked, and the loss-reducing rock is thrown to the step direction.
3. When the peripheral holes of the steps are detonated, free surfaces and step surfaces formed by the pre-splitting holes of the steps are arranged. The explosion stress wave formed after the peripheral holes are detonated is propagated to the two free surfaces and can be reflected to form tensile stress wave, the tensile strength of the rock is poor, and the tensile stress wave can increase the breaking of the rock. Therefore, the blocking length of the peripheral hole of the step can be reduced, the action of explosive gas is reduced, and the rock throwing is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of B-B.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the structure of C-C.
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the present invention.
Wherein, the inner polishing hole is-1; peripheral pre-split holes-2; an auxiliary blasting layer-3; working face-4; a step surface-5; step pre-split hole-6; a step peripheral hole-7; auxiliary holes-8.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides an internal-throwing type step blasting method, which comprises the following steps:
opening a hole: a plurality of inner throwing holes 1, a plurality of peripheral pre-cracking holes 2, a plurality of auxiliary blasting layers 3, a plurality of step pre-cracking holes 6 and a plurality of step peripheral holes 7 are respectively arranged on the working surface 4;
preparing the medicine: filling the detonator into an explosive cartridge to manufacture a common explosive cartridge for detonation;
filling medicine: sequentially loading a common cartridge into the inner throwing hole 1, the peripheral pre-cracking hole 2, the auxiliary blasting layer 3, the step pre-cracking hole 6 and the step peripheral hole 7;
and (3) sealing: sealing the inner throwing hole 1, the peripheral pre-cracking hole 2, the auxiliary blasting layer 3, the step pre-cracking hole 6 and the step peripheral hole 7 by using stemming;
and (3) ignition: and (5) slightly detonating.
In the step of opening the hole, in order to enlarge the blasting area of the working face 4 and improve the blasting efficiency, the inner throwing hole 1 is arranged in the center of the working face 4, and the center of the working face 4 is blasted in advance to increase the area of the free face; according to the volume of earthwork and the crushing degree of the earthwork of a working surface 4 to be blasted, a plurality of auxiliary blasting layers 3 are required to be sequentially arranged on the two transverse sides of the inner throwing hole 1; peripheral pre-cracking holes 2 are arranged above the inner throwing holes 1, the step pre-cracking holes 6 are detonated preferentially than the auxiliary blasting layer 3, the propagation of explosive stress waves and explosive gases to the step direction can be blocked, and damage-reducing rocks are thrown to the step direction. Step pre-crack holes 6 and step peripheral holes 7 are sequentially arranged below the inner throwing hole 1 from top to bottom, and when the step peripheral holes 7 are detonated, the step pre-crack holes 6 explode to form larger free surfaces and step surfaces. The explosion stress wave formed after the step peripheral hole 7 is detonated is propagated to the two free surfaces and can be reflected to form tensile stress wave, the tensile strength of the rock is poor, and the tensile stress wave can increase the breaking of the rock. Therefore, the blocking length of the step peripheral hole 7 can be reduced, the explosive gas action can be reduced, and the rock throwing can be reduced.
Furthermore, the auxiliary blasting layer 3 is preferably provided with 3 layers, and each layer is provided with 3 auxiliary holes 8, so that the blasting requirements under various conditions can be met, the blasting explosive quantity can be reduced, the use cost and the number of dangerous hidden dangers are reduced, and the blasting efficiency is improved.
In a further optimization scheme, the distance from the step peripheral hole 7 to the step surface 5 is 1.2-1.5 times that from the step peripheral hole 7 to the step pre-split hole 6, the distance from the step peripheral hole 7 to the step surface 5 is increased, a foundation is made for buffering the explosion impact force of the step pre-split hole 6, and the step surface is prevented from being damaged by explosion of the step pre-split hole 6, so that the safety of people and machines on the step surface is further influenced.
In the step of filling the explosive, in order to offset the explosive force of the peripheral pre-splitting holes 2 and the explosive force of the step pre-splitting holes 6 and the step peripheral holes 7, avoid the damage of redundant explosive force to a non-preset explosive surface and improve the safety of excavation, the explosive amount of the common explosive rolls arranged inside the inner throwing holes 1 and the auxiliary blasting layer 3 is set to be the same according to the position arrangement of the peripheral pre-splitting holes 2, the step pre-splitting holes 6 and the step peripheral holes 7 and the characteristics of the common explosive rolls; the medicine loading amount of the common cartridge arranged in the peripheral pre-splitting hole 2 is one third of that of the inner polishing hole 1, and the medicine loading amount of the common cartridge arranged in the step peripheral hole 7 is half of that of the inner polishing hole 1.
Further, the inner throwing hole 1, the peripheral pre-cracking hole 2, the auxiliary hole 8 and the step pre-cracking hole 6 are all fully plugged by stemming.
In the step of sealing, the stemming length of the step peripheral holes 7 is 1/3 of other blast holes, the stemming length of the step peripheral holes 7 is shortened, the releasing rate of explosive force of the step peripheral holes 7 is improved, the impact force of the step peripheral holes 7 on the step surface is reduced, the integrity of the step surface is improved, the action of explosive gas is reduced, and the throwing of rocks is reduced.
In the ignition step, the sequence of the differential initiation is as follows: the inner throwing hole 1 is detonated first, and the peripheral pre-cracking hole 2, the step pre-cracking hole 6, the auxiliary blasting layers 3 and the step peripheral hole 7 are detonated sequentially.
Furthermore, the interval time of successive explosion of the inner throwing hole 1, the peripheral pre-cracking hole 2, the step pre-cracking hole 6, the auxiliary blasting layers 3 and the step peripheral hole 7 is 25-50 milliseconds, the explosive force of different layers is released in stages and collides with each other to generate strong tensile force and shearing force, the energy of the common explosive cartridge is fully utilized, and the explosion effect is improved.
In a further optimized scheme, the initiation sequence of the auxiliary blasting layers 3 is from the center to the edge of the working face 4.
In order to realize uniform blasting on the working face 4, all the blasting holes, namely the plurality of inner throwing holes 1, the plurality of peripheral pre-cracking holes 2, the plurality of auxiliary holes 8, the plurality of step pre-cracking holes 6 and the plurality of step peripheral holes 7 are arranged on the working face 4 at equal intervals in the transverse direction and at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction.
According to the further optimization scheme, the inner throwing holes 1, the peripheral pre-cracking holes 2, the auxiliary blasting layers 3, the step pre-cracking holes 6 and the step peripheral holes 7 are arranged in a longitudinally adjacent two rows in a staggered mode, so that the explosion between two adjacent layers of blasting holes is mutually staggered, a lever structure is formed through two adjacent layers in the transverse direction and one adjacent layer between the two adjacent layers, and the explosion effect of the blasting holes is improved.
In a further optimization scheme, the inner throwing hole 1 and the working face 4 form a 75-85 degree angle, the peripheral pre-cracking hole 2, the auxiliary blasting layer 3, the step pre-cracking hole 6 and the step peripheral hole 7 are respectively vertical to the working face 4.
Further, the auxiliary hole 8 is perpendicular to the working surface 4.
Example 1:
based on the internal throwing type step blasting process of the embodiment 1, the following steps are designed:
step 1: cleaning the working surface 4 and preparing for hole distribution;
step 2: calibrating the blast hole position of the inner throwing hole 1 on the working face 4;
preferably, 7 inner throwing holes 1 are arranged, the distance between every two adjacent inner throwing holes 1 is 4.5m, the diameter is 150mm, a wedge-shaped cutting mode is adopted, the angle between the wedge-shaped cutting mode and the working face 4 is 80 degrees, and the depth of each blast hole is 15 m.
And step 3: the blast hole position of the peripheral pre-split hole 2 is calibrated on the working face, and the peripheral pre-split hole 2 is positioned on the top contour line of the earth and stone to be blasted;
preferably, the distance between adjacent peripheral pre-split holes 2 is 4.5m, the row distance between the peripheral pre-split holes 2 and the auxiliary holes 8 is 5m, the diameter is 150mm, the angle between the peripheral pre-split holes 2 and the working face 4 is 90 degrees, and the depth of blast holes is 15 m;
and 4, step 4: marking the blast hole position of the auxiliary hole 8 on the working face;
preferably, the diameter of each auxiliary hole 8 is 150mm, the distance between blast holes is 4.5m, the row spacing is 5m, and the depth of each blast hole is 15 m;
and 5: calibrating the blast hole position of the step pre-split hole 6 on the working face;
according to the preferable scheme, the diameter of blast holes of 6 step pre-split holes is 150mm, the distance between the blast holes is 4.5m, the row spacing is 5m, and the depth of the blast holes is 15 m;
step 6: calibrating the blast hole position of the step pre-split hole 6 on the working face;
preferably, the diameter of blast holes of the step peripheral hole 7 is 150mm, the distance between the blast holes is 4.5m, the distance between the step peripheral hole 7 and the step surface is 7m, and the depth of the blast holes is 15 m.
And 7: preparing a common medicated roll: inserting the detonator into the finished explosive cartridge, and winding the cartridge by using a leg wire to fix the detonator and the explosive;
and 8: packing common explosive into an inner throwing hole 1, a peripheral pre-splitting hole 2, an auxiliary hole 8, a step pre-splitting hole 6 and a step peripheral hole 7, and detonating by adopting a hole bottom, wherein an initiating explosive charge is positioned at the lower part of a blast hole; the explosive loading of the peripheral pre-splitting holes 2 is one third of that of the common blast holes, and the explosive loading of the step peripheral holes 7 is half of that of the common explosive loading holes;
and step 9: sealing the blast holes by using water stemming, wherein the sealing length of the step peripheral holes 7 is 1/3 of the sealing length of other blast holes;
step 10: connecting a detonation network;
step 11: performing differential detonation, setting the detonation interval to be 30 milliseconds, detonating the inner throwing hole 1 first, and sequentially detonating the peripheral pre-splitting hole 2, the step pre-splitting hole 6, the auxiliary hole 8 and the step peripheral hole 7;
step 12: and (6) deslagging.
The embodiment is directed at the construction of the working face of 1.2 ten thousand square earth and stone volume, and the inner throwing hole 1 is detonated first, can give auxiliary hole 8, peripheral pre-splitting hole 2, step pre-splitting hole 6 multiformly and form a free surface, not only can increase the rock breaking efficiency of other blast holes blasting, more importantly can change the rock throwing direction, and make the broken rock no longer throw to the step direction. The step pre-cracking holes 6 are preferably detonated by a plurality of layers of auxiliary holes 8, so that the propagation of explosive stress waves and explosive gases to the step direction can be blocked, and the loss of rocks is thrown to the step direction. When the step peripheral holes 7 are detonated, free surfaces and step surfaces formed by the step pre-cracking holes 6 assist in improving the blasting effect.
The explosion stress wave formed after the step peripheral hole 7 is detonated is propagated to the two free surfaces and can be reflected to form tensile stress wave, the tensile strength of the rock is poor, and the tensile stress wave can increase the breaking of the rock. Therefore, the blocking length of the peripheral hole of the step can be reduced, the action of explosive gas is reduced, and the rock throwing is reduced.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An internal-throwing type step blasting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
opening a hole: a plurality of inner throwing holes (1), a plurality of peripheral pre-cracking holes (2), a plurality of auxiliary blasting layers (3), a plurality of step pre-cracking holes (6) and a plurality of step peripheral holes (7) are respectively arranged on the working surface (4);
preparing the medicine: filling the detonator into an explosive cartridge to manufacture a common explosive cartridge for detonation;
filling medicine: sequentially loading the common cartridges into the inner throwing hole (1), the peripheral pre-cracking hole (2), the auxiliary blasting layer (3), the step pre-cracking hole (6) and the step peripheral hole (7);
and (3) sealing: the inner throwing hole (1), the peripheral pre-cracking hole (2), the auxiliary blasting layer (3), the step pre-cracking hole (6) and the step peripheral hole (7) are sealed by stemming;
and (3) ignition: and (5) slightly detonating.
2. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in the hole opening step, the inner throwing hole (1) is arranged at the center of the working surface (4), and a plurality of auxiliary blasting layers (3) are sequentially arranged on the two transverse sides of the inner throwing hole (1); the periphery pre-splitting holes (2) are arranged above the inner throwing holes (1), and the step pre-splitting holes (6) and the step periphery holes (7) are sequentially arranged below the inner throwing holes (1) from top to bottom.
3. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 2, wherein: the distance from the step peripheral hole (7) to the step surface (5) is 1.2-1.5 times that from the step peripheral hole (7) to the step pre-split hole (6).
4. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step of filling the explosive, the dosage of the common explosive rolls arranged inside the inner throwing hole (1) and the auxiliary blasting layer (3) is the same; the loading amount of the common cartridges arranged in the peripheral pre-splitting holes (2) is one third of that of the inner throwing holes (1), and the loading amount of the common cartridges arranged in the step peripheral holes (7) is half of that of the inner throwing holes (1).
5. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in the sealing step, the stemming of the step peripheral hole (7) is used for plugging 1/3 with the length being equal to that of other blast holes.
6. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in the ignition step, the sequence of the differential initiation is as follows: the inner throwing hole (1) is detonated firstly; and sequentially detonating the peripheral pre-cracking holes (2), the step pre-cracking holes (6), the auxiliary blasting layers (3) and the step peripheral holes (7).
7. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 6, wherein: the initiation sequence of the auxiliary blasting layers (3) is from the center to the edge of the working face (4).
8. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: the inner throwing hole (1), the peripheral pre-cracking holes (2), the auxiliary blasting layer (3), the step pre-cracking holes (6) and the step peripheral holes (7) are transversely arranged at equal intervals and longitudinally arranged at equal intervals on the working face (4).
9. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 8, wherein: the inner throwing holes (1), the peripheral pre-cracking holes (2), the auxiliary blasting layer (3), the step pre-cracking holes (6) and the step peripheral holes (7) are arranged in a longitudinally adjacent mode in a staggered mode.
10. The internal-throwing bench blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: the inner throwing hole (1) and the working face (4) form a 75-85 DEG angle, the peripheral pre-cracking hole (2), the auxiliary blasting layer (3), the step pre-cracking hole (6) and the step peripheral hole (7) are respectively vertical to the working face (4).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111126897.9A CN113834393B (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Internal throwing type step blasting method for open pit mine |
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| CN202111126897.9A CN113834393B (en) | 2021-09-26 | 2021-09-26 | Internal throwing type step blasting method for open pit mine |
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| CN110006300A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-12 | 中建三局第三建设工程有限责任公司 | A kind of method of soft rock, high inclination-angle tunnel anchorage digital primer Blasting Excavation |
| CN111811348A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-10-23 | 中交路桥建设有限公司 | Excavation and tunneling construction method for damping control blasting of tunnel |
| CN113188391A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-07-30 | 嵩县金牛有限责任公司 | Blasting method for soft rock roadway tunneling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2517289C1 (en) * | 2013-01-09 | 2014-05-27 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ГЕОТИМС" | Drilling and blasting operations at open pits |
| CN103234403A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Static blasting construction method for highway tunnel |
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| CN108489350A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-09-04 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | III level surrounding rock tunnel top bar speedy drivage Smooth Blasting Construction method |
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| CN110006300A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-12 | 中建三局第三建设工程有限责任公司 | A kind of method of soft rock, high inclination-angle tunnel anchorage digital primer Blasting Excavation |
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| CN113834393B (en) | 2022-09-30 |
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