CN114719698A - Ultra-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis - Google Patents
Ultra-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN114719698A CN114719698A CN202210521477.9A CN202210521477A CN114719698A CN 114719698 A CN114719698 A CN 114719698A CN 202210521477 A CN202210521477 A CN 202210521477A CN 114719698 A CN114719698 A CN 114719698A
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention discloses a super-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis, which comprises the steps of firstly calculating the number of designed blast holes according to a traditional empirical formula; then optimally designing the structure and the explosive loading amount of a tunnel driving blast hole, wherein the structure comprises that a blast hole rock emulsion explosive package and an interval water bag are intermittently placed, and the position of an orifice is blocked by stemming; obtaining a design loading amount based on the strength of the rock and the grade of the surrounding rock, and gradually reducing the loading amount of the blast holes which are gradually close to the surrounding rock from inside to outside along the center line of the tunnel on the basis of the design loading amount, so that the blasting stress of the blast holes forms a cutting effect and the whole blasting effect is not influenced; and finally, calculating to obtain the optimal charge of each blast hole, and blasting according to the sequence of the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes. The method provided by the invention can accurately determine the position of the blast hole and the loading amount thereof, so that the blasting is more accurate, the blasting quality meets the requirement, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction quality is ensured, and meanwhile, the economic waste is effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a super-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of basic traffic construction in China, more and more tunnel projects are used in railway and highway construction. Wherein, the tunnel often causes the blasting to reach the requirement because the blasting position of selection or blasting technology etc. are unsatisfactory in the work progress of blasting excavation, appears the deviation during the blasting, seriously influences the construction progress, and meanwhile, the punchhole low-usage has also caused serious economic waste.
The overlength lower step means that the length that one shot blasting tunneled is longer when the lower step is excavated, generally is 3m, and the length of blasting tunnelling of overlength lower step in this application exceeds 6 m. When the current bench tunnel blasting construction under overlength, the powder charge amount is either according to unified quantity and carries out the powder charge, or just simply adjusts based on experience, causes the blasting to surpass and owe the volume of digging huge.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a super-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a blasting fine analysis-based ultra-long lower step blasting construction method comprises the following steps:
determining the arrangement position of the blast holes: taking excavation blasting of a left lower pilot tunnel as an example, firstly, calculating and designing the number of blasting holes according to a traditional empirical formula, wherein the blasting holes comprise auxiliary holes and peripheral holes positioned on the outer sides of the auxiliary holes;
optimize the charge structure of blast hole: a plurality of explosive bags are arranged in the blast hole at intervals, a water bag is arranged between every two adjacent explosive bags, and the hole opening of the blast hole is plugged by stemming; the explosion energy is transmitted to surrounding rocks through water without loss, and simultaneously, the water wedge effect is generated, so that the rock is broken, the atomization and dust fall effects are realized, and the explosive amount is saved. Preferably, the shape of the stemming is columnar, and the outer diameter of the stemming is matched with the inner diameter of the blast hole. The explosive is an emulsion explosive.
Designing the explosive loading of the blast hole: the method comprises the steps of firstly obtaining a design loading amount based on the strength of rocks and the grade of surrounding rocks, and gradually reducing the loading amount of blast holes close to the surrounding rocks from inside to outside along the center line of a tunnel on the basis of the design loading amount, so that the blasting stress of the blast holes forms a cut effect and the whole blasting effect is not influenced.
And (3) detonating: blasting is performed in the order of the auxiliary holes first and the peripheral holes later.
Furthermore, smooth blasting is adopted for blasting, the circulating excavation length is 6m, the blasting footage is 3m, and each circulating blasting is carried out in two times.
Further, the auxiliary holes comprise three groups which are arranged from top to bottom, namely, a group A of auxiliary holes, a group B of auxiliary holes and a group C of auxiliary holes in sequence; the peripheral holes comprise a group D of peripheral holes positioned at the upper part and a group E of peripheral holes positioned at the bottom edge; the detonation sequence of the blast holes is as follows: group a auxiliary hole → group B auxiliary hole → group C auxiliary hole → group D peripheral hole → group E peripheral hole.
Further, the designed charge amount and the final explosive amount of the auxiliary hole are respectively marked as Q auxiliary and Q auxiliary', wherein Q auxiliary is Q auxiliary/2 +0.02X, wherein X is the distance between the auxiliary hole and the central line of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
the design charge and the final explosive dosage of the peripheral holes are respectively recorded as Q circumference and Q circumference', wherein Q circumference is Q circumference/2 +0.01X, X is the distance between the peripheral holes and the central line of the tunnel, and the unit is m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the ultra-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting fine analysis provided by the invention can accurately determine the position of the blasting hole and the explosive loading amount thereof, so that blasting is more accurate, the blasting quality meets the requirement, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction quality is ensured, and meanwhile, economic waste is effectively avoided
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the location of a tunnel boring blast hole;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charging structure in a blast hole;
reference numerals: A. b, C groups are auxiliary holes, D, E groups are peripheral holes, 1-emulsion explosive bag, 2-water bag and 3-stemming.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A blasting fine analysis-based ultra-long lower step blasting construction method comprises the following steps:
the tunnel blasting adopts smooth blasting, the circulating excavation length is 6m, the blasting footage is 3m, and each circulating blasting is carried out twice. In order to ensure the blasting effect, the depth of the blast holes in the actual engineering is determined to be 3.2 m/hole.
The blast holes include auxiliary holes and peripheral holes located outside the auxiliary holes, and referring to fig. 1, A, B, C groups of the blast holes are auxiliary holes, D, E groups of the blast holes are peripheral holes, and the initiation sequence is as follows: a → B → C → D → E.
Taking excavation blasting of the lower left pilot tunnel as an example, the number of blasting holes, the explosive quantity per cycle and the single-hole explosive quantity at the lower left pilot tunnel are designed according to a traditional empirical formula. The specific method comprises the following steps:
number of blast holes:
N＝(K·S·η·m)/(α·G) (1)
in the formula: n is the number of blast holes;
k, consumption of explosive;
s-excavation of the cross-sectional area, the upper left pilot tunnel is about 25.26m2；
Eta-blast hole utilization rate, namely, charge coefficient, and taking eta as 0.9;
m-length of each pack, m;
g-weight of each pack, kg.
Alpha-average charge coefficient of the blast holes, and 0.6-0.72 is taken when the diameter of the explosive package is 32 mm;
N＝(K·S·η·m)/(α·G)
＝(0.67·25.26·0.9·0.3)/(0.6·0.15)
51 (pieces) for 50.77.
The explosive amount per cycle is as follows:
Q＝qv＝qSLη (2)
in the formula: the utilization rate of eta-blast holes is generally 0.8-0.95, and the design is 0.90;
Q＝qSLη
＝0.89×25.26×3.2×0.90
≈64.7464kg，
the design is actually 64.75 kg.
Depth of each type of hole:
auxiliary hole L auxiliary equal to 3.2m
Peripheral hole L circumference is 3.2m
And (3) hole blasting by light:
the W light (10-20) d is 42-85 cm, the W light (60 cm) is adopted in the design,
pitch of holes: according to the empirical formula a, the light is W (0.6-0.8), the light is a 36-48 cm,
the design is that the peripheral hole a is 55cm, and the auxiliary hole a is 80-85 cm
Single-hole loading:
q＝QEV (3)
in the formula: q-concentration of charge, kg/m
Q-consumption per unit volume, g/m3
E-peripheral hole spacing, m;
v-line of least resistance, m.
According to empirical values, the linear medicine loading density is as follows: the auxiliary holes q were 0.38kg/m, and the peripheral holes q were 0.20 kg/m. (q varies with pore size and rock strength factor)
Q-qL-0.38 × 3.2 ≈ 1.216kg, 1.22kg is taken.
Q circle is qL circle is 0.20 × 3.2 is appropriated to 0.640kg, and 0.64kg is taken.
On the basis of designing the explosive loading amount, the structure of a tunnel tunneling blasting explosive loading hole is optimally designed, referring to fig. 2, an emulsion explosive bag 1 and a water bag 2 are placed in the blasting hole intermittently, and the hole opening is plugged by a columnar stemming 3. Because the shock wave of energy transmission in aqueous is to the incompressibility of water, make the explosion energy almost not have the loss in water transmits the country rock, simultaneously, "water wedge" effect that water produced under the effect of explosion gas expansion is favorable to the rock breakage, and the water in the blast hole can play the atomizing dust fall effect, and greatly reduced dust is to the pollution of environment, saves the explosive quantity simultaneously, and is economic high-efficient.
According to the optimized design, the explosive dosage is reduced by about half:
q auxiliary2Auxiliary Q ═ Q/2≈0.608kg。 (4)
Week Q2Q cycle/2 ≈ 0.320 kg. (5)
On the basis of designing the explosive loading amount, the explosive loading amount of the tunnel tunneling blasting explosive loading hole is optimally designed, the central line of the tunnel is from inside to outside, and the explosive amount can be gradually reduced by the auxiliary holes which are gradually close to the surrounding rock, so that the blasting stress of the tunnel does not influence the whole blasting effect while forming the cut effect. And calculating according to a formula to obtain the optimal explosive loading of each blast hole.
Optimizing the design to obtain the final explosive with the dosage as follows:
group A of holes: qAAuxiliary Q ═ Q2+aAX，aA＝0.02 (6)
B group of holes: qBAuxiliary Q ═ Q2+aBX，aB＝0.02 (7)
Group C of wells: qCAuxiliary Q ═ Q2+aCX，aC＝0.02 (8)
D group of holes: qDQ cycle2+aDX，aD＝0.01 (9)
E group of holes: qEQ cycle2+aEX，aE＝0.01 (10)
In the formula: a isiThe reduction coefficient of the ith assembled medicine hole is that A, B, C, D and E are taken as kg/m and i;
x is the distance between the blast hole and the center line of the tunnel (the left lower pilot pit takes a negative value), and m.
The charge calculation formula is obtained by fitting on the basis of multiple test blasting according to the thickness of the overlying rock mass in blasting considered on the basis of the calculated amount of single-hole blasting.
In this example, the total number of blast holes is 39. The number of the auxiliary holes is 22 (6 in group A, 7 in group B and 9 in group C), and the number of the peripheral holes is 17 (6 in group D and 11 in group E).
The total explosive amount in each cycle is reduced by more than half of the original design amount, the blasting is accurate, and the blasting quality meets the requirement.
Therefore, the method provided by the invention is easy to construct, strong in realizability, wide in application range, economic and reasonable.
Claims (6)
1. A super-long lower step blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
determining the arrangement position of the blast holes: firstly, calculating and designing the number of blast holes according to a traditional empirical formula, wherein the blast holes comprise auxiliary holes and peripheral holes positioned on the outer sides of the auxiliary holes;
optimize the charge structure of blast hole: a plurality of explosive bags are arranged in the blast hole at intervals, a water bag is arranged between every two adjacent explosive bags, and the hole opening of the blast hole is plugged by stemming;
designing the explosive loading of the blast hole: firstly, obtaining a design charge based on the strength of the rock and the grade of the surrounding rock, and gradually reducing the charge of the blast holes close to the surrounding rock from inside to outside along the center line of the tunnel on the basis of the design charge;
detonating: blasting is performed in the order of the auxiliary holes first and the peripheral holes later.
2. The ultra-long downstairs blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary holes comprise three groups which are arranged from top to bottom, namely a group A auxiliary hole, a group B auxiliary hole and a group C auxiliary hole in sequence; the peripheral holes comprise a group D of peripheral holes positioned at the upper part and a group E of peripheral holes positioned at the bottom edge; the detonation sequence of the blast holes is as follows: group a auxiliary hole → group B auxiliary hole → group C auxiliary hole → group D peripheral hole → group E peripheral hole.
3. The ultra-long downstairs blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the design charge amount and the final explosive amount of the auxiliary hole are respectively marked as Q auxiliary and Q auxiliary', wherein Q auxiliary is Q auxiliary/2 +0.02X, wherein X is the distance between the auxiliary hole and the central line of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
the design charge and the final explosive dosage of the peripheral holes are respectively recorded as Q circumference and Q circumference', wherein Q circumference is Q circumference/2 +0.01X, X is the distance between the peripheral holes and the central line of the tunnel, and the unit is m.
4. The ultra-long downstairs blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shape of stemming is the column, and its external diameter is with the internal diameter looks adaptation in blast hole.
5. The ultra-long downstairs blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the explosive is an emulsion explosive.
6. The ultra-long lower bench blasting construction method based on blasting refinement analysis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the blasting adopts smooth blasting, the circulating excavation length is 6m, the blasting footage is 3m, and each circulating blasting is carried out twice.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115342696A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-11-15 | 南昌大学 | Rock foundation excavation forming construction method |
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