CN110879028A - Surface mine blasting technical method for preventing frozen layer from being massive - Google Patents
Surface mine blasting technical method for preventing frozen layer from being massive Download PDFInfo
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- CN110879028A CN110879028A CN201911068360.4A CN201911068360A CN110879028A CN 110879028 A CN110879028 A CN 110879028A CN 201911068360 A CN201911068360 A CN 201911068360A CN 110879028 A CN110879028 A CN 110879028A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
Abstract
The invention provides a surface mine blasting technical method for avoiding large frozen layer blocks, and belongs to the technical field of mining engineering blasting. The invention comprises the following steps: step one, drilling: determining the direction according to the actual topographic conditions, determining hole positions and hole row distances, and drilling blast holes on a blasting operation platform with a frozen layer by adopting a roller-cone drilling machine with the aperture of 250 mm; step two, hole mounting: according to the obtained blast hole, the method comprises the steps of firstly continuously charging 9/17 into the blast hole, then backfilling crushed stone 7/34, then charging 1/17, and then backfilling crushed stone 7/34 by adopting spaced charging; step three, a detonation mode: each blast hole is provided with three detonators, the detonators are arranged in the detonating bomb and are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the continuous explosive loading part at the bottom and the middle position of the explosive loading part at the upper part, and the detonator lead is connected with the surface detonating tube and is detonated by using the detonator. The continuous charging grain of the invention mainly plays a role in loosening the frozen layer, and the modified grain directly acts on the frozen layer to play a role in crushing, thereby effectively avoiding the generation of large blocks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a surface mine blasting technical method for avoiding frozen layer blocking, and belongs to the technical field of mining engineering blasting.
Background
The loosening blasting is generally implemented in large-scale open mine blasting engineering, and the blasting quality is required to meet the requirements of shovel loading transportation and gyratory crushers on the lumpiness of ores. The current more common perforation equipment is a roller cone drill (with the aperture of 250 mm), and the design of the hole pattern parameters can be different according to different rock properties. Designing the step with the height of 15m, wherein the common hole row pitch is 8m multiplied by 6m, the ultra-deep is 2m, the blast hole depth is 17m, the lower part is continuously charged with 10m, and the backfill height is about 7m, as shown in figure 1. In chilly north, the earth's surface generally has about 2m thick frozen layer winter, and this kind of traditional blasting mode is relatively poor to the blasting effect on frozen layer, often can produce big frozen piece, is unfavorable for the shovel to adorn the transportation, also is not favorable to the ore to get into the breakage of gyratory crusher, handles big frozen piece and need spend a large amount of time and cost. The invention aims to solve the problem of large frozen layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor blasting effect of a frozen layer and generation of large frozen blocks in the prior art, and further provides a technical method for blasting an open mine, which avoids large frozen layers.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a surface mine blasting technical method for avoiding frozen layer blocking comprises the following steps:
step one, drilling: according to actual topographic conditions, triangular hole distribution is adopted, the direction is measured, hole positions and hole row distances are determined, and blast holes are drilled on a blasting operation platform with a frozen layer by a rotary drill;
step two, hole mounting: according to the blast hole obtained by a drilling machine, the aperture of the blast hole is 250mm, the blast hole is charged at intervals, firstly, the blast hole is continuously charged, the charging length is 9/17 of the depth of the blast hole, then, broken stones are backfilled, the length of the backfilled broken stones is 7/34 of the depth of the blast hole, the charging is carried out after the broken stones are backfilled, the charging length is 1/17 of the depth of the blast hole, then, the broken stones are backfilled, and the length of the backfilled broken stones is 7/34 of the depth of the blast hole;
step three, a detonation mode: each blast hole is provided with three detonators, the detonators are arranged in a detonating bomb, the detonators are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the continuous explosive loading part at the bottom and at the middle position of the explosive loading part at the upper part, earth surface micro-difference is adopted, 17ms of inter-hole delay is adopted, 65ms of inter-row delay is adopted, a complex series-parallel connection mode is adopted for connecting, a hole-by-hole detonating mode is adopted, a detonating tube detonating network is connected, and a detonator is.
The depth of the blast hole is 17 m.
The pitch parameter of the holes is 8m, and the pitch is 6 m.
The specification of the emulsion explosive is finished emulsion explosive with the diameter of a cartridge of 220 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the traditional charging structure is changed, in order to fill explosive columns at the proper positions of the original backfill height of about 7m aiming at the frozen layer with the thickness of about 2m, the whole blast hole is detonated simultaneously, and the problem of large blocks of the frozen layer can be effectively solved, the explosive columns are added at the proper positions of the original blast hole stuffing, the effective crushing effect on the upper frozen layer is mainly considered after the explosive columns are blasted, the stuffing height is ensured, the punching phenomenon during blasting is avoided, the blasting effect is not influenced, and the charging structure can meet the requirement of the blasting effect through practical verification.
According to the invention, the backfilled broken stone 7/34 and the later-filled powder 1/17 are used as the filling of the continuous powder charge 9/17, and the backfilled broken stone 7/34 is used as the filling of the 1/17 powder column which is later loaded, so that the blasting requirement can be met, and the filling length can be ensured. After blasting, the continuous charging grain is mainly used for loosening the frozen layer, and the modified 1/17 grain directly acts on the frozen layer by the explosive force, thereby playing a role in crushing and effectively avoiding the generation of large blocks.
The invention can also extend to the surface layer of the hard-to-explode lithologic part to easily generate a large-block blasting scheme for the effect of the frozen layer, and has the effect of reducing the large blocks. In addition, 2 detonators are arranged in the main medicine column filled with the explosive continuously, the detonators are arranged in the detonating bomb, the detonating energy is increased, the explosive can be detonated, and 1 detonator is additionally arranged to ensure that the explosive can be detonated to play a safety role.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional blasting charge configuration.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the charge structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the blasting action.
Figure 4 is a diagram of the detonation network of the present invention.
In the figure, reference numerals 1 are a frozen layer, 2 are backfilled broken stones, 3 are emulsion explosives, 4 are detonators, 5 are hole distances, 6 are the crushing action range of the modified explosive columns on the frozen layer, and 7 are the loosening range of the main explosive columns on the frozen layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation is given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the method for strip mine blasting to avoid freezing layer chunks according to the present embodiment includes the following steps:
step one, drilling: according to actual topographic conditions, triangular hole distribution is adopted, the direction is measured, hole positions and hole row distances are determined, and blast holes are drilled on a blasting operation platform with a frozen layer by a rotary drill;
step two, hole mounting: according to the blast hole obtained by a drilling machine, the aperture of the blast hole is 250mm, the blast hole is charged at intervals, firstly, the blast hole is continuously charged, the charging length is 9/17 of the depth of the blast hole, then, broken stones are backfilled, the length of the backfilled broken stones is 7/34 of the depth of the blast hole, the charging is carried out after the broken stones are backfilled, the charging length is 1/17 of the depth of the blast hole, then, the broken stones are backfilled, and the length of the backfilled broken stones is 7/34 of the depth of the blast hole;
step three, a detonation mode: each blast hole is provided with three detonators, the detonators are arranged in a detonating bomb, the detonators are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the continuous explosive loading part at the bottom and at the middle position of the explosive loading part at the upper part, earth surface micro-difference is adopted, 17ms of inter-hole delay is adopted, 65ms of inter-row delay is adopted, a complex series-parallel connection mode is adopted for connecting, a hole-by-hole detonating mode is adopted, a detonating tube detonating network is connected, and a detonator is.
The depth of the blast hole is 17 m.
The pitch parameter of the holes is 8m, and the pitch is 6 m.
The specification of the emulsion explosive is finished emulsion explosive with the diameter of a cartridge of 220 mm.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, drilling a frozen layer 1 with a thickness of about 2m, determining the direction according to actual topographic conditions, distributing holes in a triangular mode, setting the hole row pitch to be 8m multiplied by 6m according to different lithologies and different hole row pitches, and drilling blast holes on a blasting operation platform with a frozen layer by using a roller cone drilling machine;
hole installation: according to the blast hole obtained by the drilling machine, the aperture of the blast hole is 250mm, the emulsion explosive 3 with the blast hole depth of 9/17 is continuously loaded into the blast hole by adopting interval charging, then the backfill crushed stone 2 with the blast hole depth of 7/34 is backfilled, the emulsion explosive 3 with the blast hole depth of 1/17 is loaded after the backfill crushed stone, and then the backfill crushed stone 2 with the blast hole depth of 7/34 is backfilled;
the detonation mode is as follows: each blast hole is provided with three detonators 4, the detonators 4 are arranged in a detonating bomb to increase the detonating energy and ensure explosive detonation, the detonators 4 are respectively arranged at the bottom continuous explosive loading part, namely the upper part and the lower part of the emulsion explosive 3 with the blast hole depth of 9/17 are continuously loaded in the blast hole, the upper explosive loading part is arranged at the middle position of the emulsion explosive 3 with the blast hole depth of 1/17 after the crushed stones are backfilled, earth surface micro-difference (17 ms delay between holes and 65ms delay between rows) is adopted, the connection is carried out in a duplex serial-parallel mode, a hole-by-hole detonating mode is adopted, a detonating tube detonating network is connected, the detonator lead is connected with an earth surface detonating tube, and a detonator is used for.
Bottom continuous charge department is two detonators 4 of main explosive column dress in this embodiment promptly, compares to increase to adorn a detonator 4 in prior art and is to play the insurance effect for guaranteeing that the detonator can detonate the explosive, and upper portion explosive charge department is a detonator 4 of repacking explosive column dress promptly. As shown in fig. 3, the region shown by the crushing action range 5 of the modified explosive column on the frozen layer represents the range of the crushing action of the modified explosive column on the frozen layer after blasting, and the region shown by the loosening action range 6 of the main explosive column on the frozen layer is the crushing and loosening action range of the main explosive column on the frozen layer after blasting.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the depth of the blast hole is 17m, and the specific steps are as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: drilling: determining the direction according to the actual topographic conditions, determining hole positions and hole row distances, and drilling blast holes with the depth of 17m on a blasting operation platform with a frozen layer by adopting a roller-cone drilling machine with the aperture of 250 mm;
step two: hole installation: according to the blast hole obtained by a drilling machine, the aperture of the charging blast hole is 250mm, the charge is carried out at intervals, 9m of continuous charge is firstly carried out in the blast hole, then, 3.5m of broken stone is backfilled, 1m of charge is carried out after the broken stone is backfilled, and then, 3.5m of broken stone is backfilled;
step three: the detonation mode is as follows: each blast hole is provided with three detonators, the detonators are arranged in the detonating bomb to increase the detonating energy and ensure explosive detonation, and the detonators are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the continuous explosive loading part at the bottom and the middle position of the explosive loading part at the upper part, as shown in figure 4, earth surface micro-difference (17 ms delay between holes and 65ms delay between rows) is adopted, the detonators are connected in a duplex serial-parallel mode, a hole-by-hole detonating mode is adopted to connect a detonating tube detonating network, detonator wires are connected with an earth surface detonating tube, and a detonator is.
The embodiment is directed at about 2m thick frozen layer, at the former suitable position of about 7m backfill height, packs the powder column, and whole big hole of big gun is detonating simultaneously, can effectively improve the big massive problem of frozen layer to explosive force direct action plays the crushing effect on frozen layer, can effectually avoid the massive production. And increase the powder column in the suitable position that former big gun hole was clogged, consider that the powder column explodes the back, produce effectual crushing effect to the frozen layer of upper portion 2m thickness, and will ensure simultaneously the height of packing, the phenomenon of punching a hole appears when avoiding exploding, influences the blasting effect, through several actual verification, the loaded constitution of this embodiment can satisfy the blasting effect requirement.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and these embodiments are based on different implementations of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A surface mine blasting technical method for avoiding frozen layer blocking is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, drilling: according to actual topographic conditions, triangular hole distribution is adopted, the direction is measured, hole positions and hole row distances are determined, and blast holes are drilled on a blasting operation platform with a frozen layer by a rotary drill;
step two, hole mounting: according to the blast hole obtained by a drilling machine, the aperture of the blast hole is 250mm, the blast hole is charged at intervals, firstly, the blast hole is continuously charged, the charging length is 9/17 of the depth of the blast hole, then, broken stones are backfilled, the length of the backfilled broken stones is 7/34 of the depth of the blast hole, the charging is carried out after the broken stones are backfilled, the charging length is 1/17 of the depth of the blast hole, then, the broken stones are backfilled, and the length of the backfilled broken stones is 7/34 of the depth of the blast hole;
step three, a detonation mode: each blast hole is provided with three detonators, the detonators are arranged in a detonating bomb, the detonators are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the continuous explosive loading part at the bottom and at the middle position of the explosive loading part at the upper part, earth surface micro-difference is adopted, 17ms of inter-hole delay is adopted, 65ms of inter-row delay is adopted, a complex series-parallel connection mode is adopted for connecting, a hole-by-hole detonating mode is adopted, a detonating tube detonating network is connected, and a detonator is.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the depth of the blast hole is 17 m.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pitch parameters of the holes are 8m, and the pitch is 6 m.
4. The method for strip mine blasting to avoid frozen layer chunks according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion explosive is a finished emulsion explosive with a cartridge diameter of 220 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911068360.4A CN110879028A (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Surface mine blasting technical method for preventing frozen layer from being massive |
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| CN201911068360.4A CN110879028A (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Surface mine blasting technical method for preventing frozen layer from being massive |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114963903A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司 | Water-rich blast hole mixed emulsion explosive blasting method |
| CN115111980A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-27 | 成远矿业开发股份有限公司 | Frozen soil and rock complex blasting method for western severe cold region |
| CN115183640A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-14 | 中国五矿集团(黑龙江)石墨产业有限公司 | Refined blasting method for strip mine |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114963903A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽马钢矿业资源集团南山矿业有限公司 | Water-rich blast hole mixed emulsion explosive blasting method |
| CN115111980A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-27 | 成远矿业开发股份有限公司 | Frozen soil and rock complex blasting method for western severe cold region |
| CN115183640A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-14 | 中国五矿集团(黑龙江)石墨产业有限公司 | Refined blasting method for strip mine |
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Application publication date: 20200313 |