CN101762218A - Hole-by-hole blasting method - Google Patents
Hole-by-hole blasting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101762218A CN101762218A CN200910153279A CN200910153279A CN101762218A CN 101762218 A CN101762218 A CN 101762218A CN 200910153279 A CN200910153279 A CN 200910153279A CN 200910153279 A CN200910153279 A CN 200910153279A CN 101762218 A CN101762218 A CN 101762218A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a blasting method, in particular to a hole-by-hole blasting method which belongs to the technical field of the exploitation of mines. The hole-by-hole blasting method is characterized by comprising the steps of drilling a plurality of rows of blast holes on a blasting working face, controlling the initiation time delay between the rows of the blast holes to be 8-15ms/m and controlling the initiation time delay between the blast holes of the same row to be 2-5ms/m. Under the condition that the drilling and blasting cost keeps unchanged basically or is slightly increased, the method can well enhance the safety, lowers the blasting concussion, improve the loose degree of blasted piles, overcome and reduces the foundation effectively, reduce the generation of chunks and enhance the primary blasting efficiency, thereby enhancing the excavation efficiency obviously, reducing the frequency of secondary blasting and finally, lowering the comprehensive cost of mining.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blasting method, relate in particular to a kind of hole-by-hole blasting method, belong to the mining technical field.
Background technology
Along with the brand-new development of blasting technique and priming system manufacturing technology, traditional explosive and detonation mode manifest many drawbacks day by day.The one, concussion of blasting is excessive, easily produce slungshot, detonating simultaneously, the big gun hole is many, the largest segment dose is too high, force equipment and personnel to need bigger safe distance, reduced mine production efficiency, increase the equipment mobility, increased production management difficulty and cost, also caused mine and peripheral resident's strained relations simultaneously; The 2nd, the defer time dispersion is excessive, causes the firing order disorder, and demolition effect is poor, mainly shows as the base plate injustice, and the real difficulty of quick-fried pile-up is dug, and backlash, side blow etc. have not only influenced shovel dress efficient, also is later stage boring and platform maintenance having increased management difficulty; The 3rd, initiation net networking difficulty, complicated operation and reliability are low.Explosion is the key link of mine production process, and demolition effect directly has influence on shovel dress, transportation, two quick-fried, first technology costs such as broken.As the drilling and blasting cost that the coveted low integrated cost that may cause digging up mine is too high.Angle from science, economy in actual mining activity, neither makes the drilling and blasting cost too high, does not also pursue low drilling and blasting cost simply, and correct way is to make the drilling and blasting cost keep a reasonable range.Explosion lumpiness and drilling and blasting cost have relation closely, too small big gun hole parameter, and higher explosive specific charge, the perforation cost is corresponding higher.Though can obtain less breaking size, two quick-fried, just broken, to excavate cost of transportation lower, the drilling and blasting cost is too high, the integrated cost that causes digging up mine is also higher.On the contrary, when excessive expanded hole network parameters, when reducing explosive specific charge, though the drilling and blasting cost is lower, the explosion lumpiness is not good enough, and bulk is more, and quick-fried heap is not loose, two quick-fried, first broken, sharply increases of loading cost of transportation, the corresponding raising of mining integrated cost.Quick-fried heap shatter value and preshoot degree are the key factors that the dress expense is dug in influence, under the approaching substantially situation of the lumpiness of quick-fried heap, the shatter value of quick-fried heap is good and preshoot is little, and explosion is dug the dress expense and will be descended significantly, the shatter value difference and the preshoot of quick-fried heap are big, and explosion is dug the dress expense and will be risen.Scale mining has proposed more and more higher requirement to practicality, reliability, security, economy, the feature of environmental protection of explosive and blasting technique method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of hole-by-hole blasting method for solving the problems of the technologies described above, it has following advantage: keeping under the drilling and blasting cost situation constant substantially or that slightly increase, can fine raising security, reduce concussion of blasting, improve quick-fried heap shatter value, effectively overcome and reduce foundation, reduce the generation of bulk, improve just broken efficient, digging efficiency obviously improves, two quick-fried number of times reduce thereby make, and the mining integrated cost is reduced.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs: a kind of hole-by-hole blasting method, it is characterized in that: be included in and stamp many artillery salvos hole on the blasting work face, and the detonating time-delay between the row of control big gun hole is 8～15ms/m, and the time-delay of detonating between the hole of control with artillery salvo hole is 2～5ms/m.
Explosion mechanism by the hole explosion is in the blasting process, and detonating of each big gun hole all is relatively independent.By means of the accurate time-delay of High-precision Detonator, the reasonable time combination by detonator in the hole and face of land detonator makes the big gun hole be detonated successively in order by fire point.When the extension in adjacent big gun hole is chosen rationally at interval, collision extruding mutually also can take place in the ore deposit rock between adjacent big gun hole when mobile, thereby has guaranteed the further fragmentation of rock.
Compare with short-delay blasting between common row, when implementing hole-by-hole initiation, quick-fried big gun hole is that the more freedom face is created in quick-fried big gun hole, back earlier, and the burst stress Pohle reflects fully with the scope of freedom, and the largest segment explosive payload is disperseed on room and time.Thereby reach the superposition that makes full use of explosive energy, explosive consumption is most economical, reasonable, and rock breaking efficiency is best, and the concussion of blasting that is produced is also minimum.The reasonable combination of defer time between the row of reaching between the row's of utilization endoporus, hole by hole initiation technique can effectively reach following demolition effect: the explosion lumpiness is good, and boulder yield is low, and the secondary blasting amount is few; End root is few, or does not have end root; Control backlash or side blow destroy is convenient to the linking of quick-fried district; Control quick-fried heap moving direction, reduce dilution; Control quick-fried heap shape, the installing of performance shovel is equipped with efficient; Control the quick-fried heap shatter value and the loose uniformity, be convenient to excavate; The controlled blasting vibrations, noise, slungshot; Blast working is easy and simple to handle, safety.
As preferably, the pitch-row in described big gun hole is 2.5～5.0m, and array pitch is 2.0～4.5m; The layout in described big gun hole forms quincunx.
As preferably, described aperture is 79～89mm; Blast hole depth 〉=14m; Inclination angle, big gun hole 〉=75 °.
For reaching best explosion lumpiness, the defer time an of the best is arranged between row's endoporus and the hole.According to the long experience accumulation of inventor, reach maximum for making the effect between the big gun hole, obtain best crushing effect, be 2-5ms/m with the best defer time between artillery salvo hole.In the actual explosion, occurrence depends on the character of blow-up point rock.Produce reality according to the mine, can choose suitable face of land delay detonator.To crack agensis, lithology is more complete and hardness is less rock, delay to get 17ms face of land delay detonator between the hole and be advisable.
The shatter value of quick-fried heap and the shape of quick-fried heap have a significant impact digging efficiency, and the length of defer time has determined the shape and the shatter value of quick-fried heap between row.When defer time is too small between row, back round and the mutual excessive compression of preceding round, thus shatter value is relatively poor; When the front and rear row defer time was long, the rock after the preceding round explosion was dished out and is stopped to move, and back artillery salvo hole is thrown the rock of explosion on the quick-fried heap that stops again, and quick-fried heap is by compacted, and shatter value is variation also.Keep defer time and array pitch between the row of reasonable shatter value, formation hardness relevant, best defer time is 8-15ms/m.The average array pitch of testing quick-fried district is 3.2m, so defer time scope 25.6ms～48ms should be chosen in test the face of land delay detonator of 42ms.
In sum, the present invention has following beneficial effect: keeping under the drilling and blasting cost situation constant substantially or that slightly increase, can fine raising security, reduce concussion of blasting, improve quick-fried heap shatter value, effectively overcome and reduce foundation, reduce the generation of bulk, improve just broken efficient, digging efficiency obviously improves, two quick-fried number of times reduce thereby make, and the mining integrated cost is reduced; The inventive method shock dropping effect is fairly obvious, reaches more than 50%, can reduce the displacement of main equipment, has improved labor productivity indirectly, reduces and the surrounding resident dispute simultaneously; Blasting output per meter hole increases, and has reduced the cost consumption of drilling equipment, and comprehensive drilling and blasting cost is effectively controlled.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for adopting the quick-fried district schematic diagram of short-delay blasting method between common row;
Fig. 2 is for adopting the quick-fried district schematic diagram of the inventive method hole-by-hole blasting method.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
This specific embodiment only is an explanation of the invention; it is not a limitation of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make the modification that does not have creative contribution to present embodiment as required after reading this specification, but as long as all are subjected to the protection of Patent Law in claim scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
A kind of hole-by-hole blasting method is characterized in that: be included in and stamp many artillery salvos hole on the blasting work face, and the detonating time-delay between the row of control big gun hole is 8ms/m that detonating between the hole of control with artillery salvo hole time-delay is 2ms/m.The pitch-row in described big gun hole is 2.5m, and array pitch is 2.0m; The layout in described big gun hole forms quincunx.Described aperture is 79mm; Blast hole depth is 14m; Inclination angle, big gun hole is 75 °.
Embodiment two
A kind of hole-by-hole blasting method is characterized in that: be included in and stamp many artillery salvos hole on the blasting work face, and the detonating time-delay between the row of control big gun hole is 15ms/m that detonating between the hole of control with artillery salvo hole time-delay is 5ms/m.The pitch-row in described big gun hole is 5.0m, and array pitch is 4.5m; The layout in described big gun hole forms quincunx.Described aperture is 89mm; Blast hole depth is 18m; Inclination angle, big gun hole is 85 °.
Embodiment three
A kind of hole-by-hole blasting method is characterized in that: be included in and stamp many artillery salvos hole on the blasting work face, and the detonating time-delay between the row of control big gun hole is 12ms/m that detonating between the hole of control with artillery salvo hole time-delay is 4ms/m.The pitch-row in described big gun hole is 4m, and array pitch is 3m; The layout in described big gun hole forms quincunx.Described aperture is 84mm; Blast hole depth is 16m; Inclination angle, big gun hole is 80 °.
Explosion bulge test
1.1 explosion bulge test purpose
The superiority of checking hole by hole initiation technique and the security reliability of high accuracy Nonel detonator, and can optimize the blasting technique parameter, analyze demolition effect, carry out the pre-design of initial optimization etc.
1.2 explosion bulge test content
The reliability of hole-by-hole blasting method, security, operability;
Determine the rational elementary errors time, test face of land initiation net;
The quick-fried heap uniformity, shovel dress efficient, bulk and the contrast of end root situation contrast concussion of blasting.
2.1 explosion bulge test method
By traditional blasting network and hole-by-hole blasting method comparative analysis demolition effect of the present invention and shovel dress efficient
2.2 contrast test performance
According to the original plan, original hole pattern parameter should be the main with reference to part of this explosion bulge test, by improving demolition effect by the hole blasting technique, improves shovel dress efficient, and reducing comprehensive production cost is the main flow development trend that present mining industry is produced.Duration of test, new Katyuan, Huzhou mine portion of rubble Co., Ltd engineering personnel explosion contrast scheme is total to 2 quick-fried districts of explosion, and 231 big gun holes are with 361 of High-precision Detonator, 258 of plain detonators, shot rock side amount 〉=39960m altogether
3
2.3 test quick-fried district concrete condition
The contrast explosion bulge test is mainly specified operation on the step surface in mine portion, has successively carried out 2 separate explosion operations, and traditional blasting method and hole-by-hole blasting method of the present invention are respectively at carrying out in the morning on November 4th, 2007, the morning on November 6th, 2007.
Be respectively the concrete condition of 2 separate explosions below.
Figure 1 shows that the quick-fried district of on November 4th, 2007, be total to explosion 111 holes for short-delay blasting method explosion between the row of employing, 8.7846 tons of powder charges (containing the secondary blasting explosive), with 258 of plain detonators (deduction secondary blasting detonator), explosion side's amount is 18648m3.Blasting network detonates fully, uses in the hole twoly to send out common the MS1 detonator, and the face of land sends out the extension of MS3 detonator common with two, adopt four-way detonator connector to connect initiation net, the single hop maximum big gun hole of detonating is 14 holes, and quick-fried heap is flat to loose, disperse, the rear portion does not have " V " shape cutting groove, backlash control is bad, and open wiring is irregular, and the part bulk is arranged, no slungshot, concussion of blasting is bigger, and the lumpiness uniformity is general, and demolition effect is general.
Figure 2 shows that the quick-fried district that adopted the explosion of the inventive method hole-by-hole blasting method pipe on November 6th, 2007, be total to explosion 120 holes, 10.1 tons of powder charges (containing the secondary blasting explosive), with 360 of the auspicious triumphant High-precision Detonator of Australia, explosion side's amount is 21312m
3The design blasting network that detonates detonates fully, uses MS400ms and MS375ms detonator in the hole in, the face of land with SDD17ms and SDD42ms SDD65ms collocation use, between have contiguous block to connect, the single hop maximum big gun hole of detonating is 4 holes, quick-fried heap is very concentrated, quick-fried heap spine rises the gallery, and rear portion " V " shape cutting groove is very obvious, and the degree of depth reaches more than the 7m, the side slope open wiring is neat, backlash is controlled well, and no slungshot shakes little, quick-fried heap lumpiness is even, and demolition effect is good.
2.4 result
2 separate explosion resultant effects are compared as follows shown in the table
The comprehensive comparison sheet of quick-fried district demolition effect
2.5 analyze
2.5.1 blasting vibration verification contrast
Short-delay blasting between row is adopted in explosion on November 4th, 2007, has 14 holes to detonate simultaneously in the 8sm window, and promptly maximum single hop explosive quantity is the real explosive payloads in 14 holes.The explosion of hole-by-hole initiation network is adopted in explosion on November 6, at most only has 4 holes to detonate simultaneously in the 8ms window, and maximum single hop explosive quantity is the real explosive payloads in 4 holes.
Adopt blasting vibration empirical equation contrast blasting vibration national safety standard (GB6722-2003) to check.The checking computations comparison procedure is as follows:
1. check safety distance for blasting
Ore deposit, mine, new Katyuan, Huzhou rock hardness degree is f=5.5, and soft firmly partially in the genus, vibration wave attenuation coefficient a gets 1.8, and the geology coefficient k is got 200 (a, k rule of thumb choose, and vibrate the measured value adjustment in case of necessity as required) herein; Checking computations safe distance R is taken as 200m, and the single hop maximum dose that detonates simultaneously is respectively: Q is general=and 14 * 72=1008kg, Q Australia=4 * 72=288kg carries out the blasting vibration checking computations by real explosive payload respectively.
Actual safe distance is
When checking actual safe distance, get vibration velocity 1cm/s by safety criterion of blasting vibration, it is rational that safe distance is got 200m.
2. check 200m safe distance place particle vibration velocity
The two all reaches v200＜1cm/s, conforms with the safety criterion of blasting vibration requirement.But it is fairly obvious that the effect of shaking falls in the auspicious triumphant hole-by-hole initiation network of Australia, and blasting vibration decreases by more than 52.8%.
2.5.2 drilling and blasting cost comparative analysis
The drilling and blasting integrated cost that relates to by the explosion to different hole pattern parameter is analyzed, and clearly, uses the inventive method to have very outstanding technical advantage and economic benefit advantage.
By the contrast table analysis, we can know: under the constant situation of single hole charge constitution and explosive payload, use the inventive method purchase cost to rise, but the decline that can bring comprehensive drilling and blasting cost.
Following table is that the cost of the inventive method and common little row's difference method compares.The partial parameters value is by calculating with bore.
The cost of the inventive method and common little row's difference method relatively
2.5.3 safety, operability are relatively
New Katyuan stone ore uses the inventive method test situation from Huzhou, and any problem does not take place, and operating position is normal, has a plastics contiguous block because the face of land connects detonator itself, and this makes its quick-fried network connect safety, simple, reliable.
Comprehensively compare by 2 actual demolition effects, the elementary errors method has more superiority between the common relatively row of the inventive method.Be mainly reflected in: the explosion lumpiness is good, and boulder yield is low, and the secondary blasting amount is few; End root is few, or does not have end root; Control backlash or side blow destroy is convenient to the linking of quick-fried district; Control quick-fried heap moving direction, reduce dilution; Control quick-fried heap shape, the installing of performance shovel is equipped with efficient; Control the quick-fried heap shatter value and the loose uniformity, be convenient to excavate; The controlled blasting vibrations, noise, slungshot; Blast working is easy and simple to handle, safety; The inventive method shock dropping effect is fairly obvious, reaches more than 50%, can reduce the displacement of main equipment, has improved labor productivity indirectly, reduces and the surrounding resident dispute simultaneously; Blasting output per meter hole increases, and has reduced the cost consumption of drilling equipment, and comprehensive drilling and blasting cost is effectively controlled.
Claims (3)
1. hole-by-hole blasting method is characterized in that: be included in and stamp many artillery salvos hole on the blasting work face, and the detonating time-delay between control big gun hole row is 8～15ms/m that the time-delay of detonating between the hole of control with artillery salvo hole is 2～5ms/m.
2. hole-by-hole blasting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pitch-row in described big gun hole is 2.5～5.0m, and array pitch is 2.0～4.5m; The layout in described big gun hole forms quincunx.
3. hole-by-hole blasting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described aperture is 79～89mm; Blast hole depth 〉=14m; Inclination angle, big gun hole 〉=75 °.
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| CN200910153279A CN101762218A (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2009-10-30 | Hole-by-hole blasting method |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102374833A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-03-14 | 云南文山斗南锰业股份有限公司 | Mine gallery excavation blasting method |
| CN102607343A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Tunnel blasting excavation method |
| CN102607342A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Blasting method controlling damage of damage rings of tunnel |
| CN102607341A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Stable-control blasting method for open-pit mine slopes |
| CN102620612A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-01 | 薛世忠 | Underground mine medium-length hole blasting method |
| CN102661688A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-12 | 湖南省第五工程有限公司 | Pile foundation control blasting excavation method of integral-plate rocky area |
| CN102808621A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-05 | 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 | Method for blasting heavy-inclined thick ore bodies |
| CN102997768A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-27 | 董少南 | Rock blasting method |
| CN103884247A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | Rock static blasting method |
| CN104713431A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-17 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Smooth blasting method based on phi 32 mm cartridges |
| CN107003104A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2017-08-01 | 刘仁武 | Delaying blasting method and explosion and delay instrument between most short row endoporus |
| CN110332866A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-15 | 中南大学 | Single free-face combines blasthole kerf blasting method |
| CN113790645A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-14 | 广西鱼峰水泥股份有限公司 | Digital electronic detonator hole-by-hole detonating circuit and blasting delay scheme thereof |
| RU2791609C1 (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-03-13 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" | Method of conducting blasting operations on extended blocks, taking into account the pre-destruction zone |
| CN116822311A (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-09-29 | 昆明理工大学 | Method and system for predicting surrounding stress of explosion instant blast hole |
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| CN102808621B (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2014-11-12 | 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 | Method for blasting heavy-inclined thick ore bodies |
| CN102808621A (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-05 | 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 | Method for blasting heavy-inclined thick ore bodies |
| CN102374833A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-03-14 | 云南文山斗南锰业股份有限公司 | Mine gallery excavation blasting method |
| CN102607343A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Tunnel blasting excavation method |
| CN102607342A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Blasting method controlling damage of damage rings of tunnel |
| CN102607341A (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2012-07-25 | 薛世忠 | Stable-control blasting method for open-pit mine slopes |
| CN102607342B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2016-06-22 | 薛世忠 | A kind of tunnel damage circle destroys controlled blasting method |
| CN102607341B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2015-12-09 | 薛世忠 | A kind of Stability of Open-pit Mine Slope controlled blasting method |
| CN102607343B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2015-12-16 | 薛世忠 | Tunnel blasting excavation method |
| CN102620612A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-01 | 薛世忠 | Underground mine medium-length hole blasting method |
| CN102620612B (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2016-03-09 | 卓利维(北京)科技有限公司 | Underground mine medium-length hole blasting method |
| CN102661688A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-12 | 湖南省第五工程有限公司 | Pile foundation control blasting excavation method of integral-plate rocky area |
| CN102997768A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-27 | 董少南 | Rock blasting method |
| CN103884247B (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-02-15 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | Rock static blasting method |
| CN103884247A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | Rock static blasting method |
| CN107003104A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2017-08-01 | 刘仁武 | Delaying blasting method and explosion and delay instrument between most short row endoporus |
| CN104713431A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-17 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Smooth blasting method based on phi 32 mm cartridges |
| CN110332866A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-10-15 | 中南大学 | Single free-face combines blasthole kerf blasting method |
| CN113790645A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-12-14 | 广西鱼峰水泥股份有限公司 | Digital electronic detonator hole-by-hole detonating circuit and blasting delay scheme thereof |
| RU2791609C1 (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-03-13 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тихоокеанский государственный университет" | Method of conducting blasting operations on extended blocks, taking into account the pre-destruction zone |
| CN116822311A (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-09-29 | 昆明理工大学 | Method and system for predicting surrounding stress of explosion instant blast hole |
| CN116822311B (en) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-11-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Method and system for predicting surrounding stress of explosion instant blast hole |
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Application publication date: 20100630 |