CN103329394B - 充电控制设备和充电控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及充电控制设备和充电控制方法。一种充电控制装置(10),其用于对多台电动车辆(208,209,210)的充电进行控制,其包括:充电确定单元(305),其确定经由接触器(202,203,204)被连接至该充电确定单元的电动车辆(208,209,210)的充电状态是否满足预定条件,并且其在该条件得以满足的情况下确定对满足条件的电动车辆进行充电,并且其确定中断不满足条件的电动车辆的充电,并且对其它电动车辆进行充电;以及接触器控制单元(302),其基于由该充电确定单元(305)所进行的确定来对接触器(202,203,204)进行控制。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于电动汽车的充电控制设备、充电控制方法和程序。
背景技术
近年来,电动汽车(EV)已经日益普及,并且因此可预见到的是,未来可能会出现大量EV使用数量有限的充电器进行充电的情形。在这样的情况下,最为简单的充电方法是,重复地,每次对一台EV进行充电,在该EV完全充电或被充电至预定终止充电容量时终止充电,随后开始对下一台EV进行充电,等等。然而,利用该方法,在较早进入充电队列的所有EV都已经完全充电之前不会对较晚进入充电队列的EV开始充电,因此该EV必须长时间等待。
专利文献1公开了一种车辆供电系统,其包括多个电池以及生成用来对该多个电池进行充电的电能的发电机,其中该系统包括:用于基于流到每个电池的电流的检测值,来计算每个电池的充电接受属性的计算装置;以及用于基于相应计算的充电接受属性来从多个电池中选择要优先充电的电池,并且优先对所选择的电池进行充电。
专利文献1:专利公布JP-A-2004-222473
然而,利用专利文献1中所描述的设备,多个电池被两极分化为已经被优先进行充电的完全充电的电池和根本还没有被充电的电池。
发明内容
因此,本发明的示例性目标是提供一种充电控制方法,利用该方法能够对在电动汽车之间在其充电状态上的变化进行抑制。
根据本发明的充电控制设备对多个电动汽车的充电进行控制,并且包括:充电确定单元,其确定经由接触器所连接的电动汽车的充电状态是否满足预定条件,在该条件得以满足时确定电动车辆要进行充电,并且在该条件未被满足时确定电动汽车的充电要被中断以便对另一电动汽车进行充电;以及接触器控制单元,其基于该充电确定但的确定来对接触器进行控制。
根据本发明的示例性方面,能够执行充电以使得对在电动汽车中的可充电电池的剩余电量上的变化进行抑制。
附图说明
图1是示出包括根据本发明的实施例的充电控制设备的充电系统的配置的框图;
图2是示出根据本发明的该实施例的充电控制设备的配置的框图;
图3是根据本发明的该实施例的当电动汽车连接至充电系统时由充电确定单元所执行的操作的流程图;
图4是根据本发明实施例的当电动汽车从充电系统断开连接时由充电确定单元所执行的操作的流程图;
图5是根据本发明实施例的充电确定单元所执行的充电控制处理的流程图的示例;
图6是示出锂离子电池的充电特性的视图;和
图7是图示本发明的效果的视图。
具体实施方式
接下来,将参考附图对本发明的示例性实施例进行详细描述。
图1是示出包括根据本发明的实施例的充电控制设备10的充电系统20的配置的框图。如该图所示,充电系统20包括充电控制设备10,供电单元201,接触器202、203、204,以及测量单元205、206、207。
供电单元201经由由开关构成的接触器202、203、204连接至电动汽车208、209、210,以便通过对其供电而对电动汽车208、209、210进行充电。测量单元205、206、207分别与接触器202、203、204相关联,以便测量连接至接触器的电动汽车208、209、210相应的充电状态。
测量充电状态的可能的方法包括通过将测量单元连接至电动汽车来测量电池电量、充电电压或充电电流的方法,以及通过将测量单元连接至接触器的前端和后端线缆来测量充电电压或充电电流的方法。该测量单元还检测电动汽车是否连接至接触器。
充电控制设备10通过基于由测量单元205、206、207所测量的充电状态对相应的接触器202、203、204进行控制,来控制相应的电动汽车208、209、210的充电。
图2是示出充电控制设备10的配置的框图。如该图所示,充电控制设备10包括充电状态收集单元301、接触器控制单元302、规则维护单元303、附加信息输入单元304和充电确定单元305。
充电状态收集单元301收集由测量单元205、206、207所测量的相应的电动汽车208、209、210的充电状态,以及电动汽车208、209、210到相应的接触器202、203、204的连接状况。
接触器控制单元302对接触器202、203、204进行控制。
规则维护单元303对充电控制设备10所执行的充电控制的规则进行维护。规则维护单元303所维护的规则可以从充电控制设备10之外进行修改。可以根据充电控制设备10所获得的控制结果在内部更新规则。
在使用相应的电动汽车208、209、210的充电状态以外的信息对接触器202、203、204进行控制的情况下,附加信息输入单元304被用来维护或从外部输入充电状态之外的信息。充电状态之外的信息可以是指示每个电动汽车的车辆类型的信息、与电池容量相关的信息,以及诸如电动汽车的出发时间的信息。附加信息输入单元304还可以被用来经由用户或管理员执行的人工操作,或者通过使用传感器等所进行的检测,来输入指示电动汽车连接至系统以及电动汽车从系统断开连接的信息。
使用充电状态收集单元301所收集的信息以及来自附加信息输入单元304的信息,充电确定单元305基于由规则维护单元303所维护的规则来确定是否对接触器进行控制(即,开启或关闭接触器),并且将针对每个接触器的控制指令传送至接触器控制单元302。
注意,可以对充电系统20中除充电控制设备之外的配置应用常规技术,并且因此已经省略了对这些配置的详细描述。电动汽车208、209、210可以是单独利用电力运行的电动汽车,或者是使用电力和汽油进行操作的混合电动汽车。
图3是当电动汽车208、209、210连接至充电系统20时由充电确定单元305所执行的操作的流程图。
在经由充电状态收集单元301或附加信息输入单元304检测到电动汽车已经连接到系统之后(步骤401:是),充电确定单元305将电动汽车已经与之连接的接触器的标识符添加至第一充电列表(步骤402)。
这里,第一充电列表是由充电确定单元305所保存的表格,其包括还没有开始充电的电动车辆与之相连接的接触器的标识符的列表。除了接触器的标识符之外,第一充电列表还可以保存电动汽车的连接时间、与电动汽车的用户相关的信息,等等。
图4是当电动汽车208、209、210从充电系统20断开连接时由充电确定单元305所执行的操作的流程图。
在经由充电状态收集单元301或附加信息输入单元304检测到电动汽车已经从系统断开连接之后(步骤501:是),充电确定单元305检索第一充电列表和第二充电列表,并且删除电动车辆曾与之连接的接触器的标识符(步骤502)。这里,第二充电列表是充电确定单元305所保存的表格,其包括已经满足某种充电状态条件的电动汽车与之相连接的接触器的标识符的列表。除了接触器的标识符之外,第二充电列表还可以保存电动汽车的连接时间、与电动汽车的用户相关的信息,等等。
图5是充电确定单元305所执行的充电控制处理的流程图的示例。充电确定单元305等待接触器被添加至第一充电列表(步骤601)。换句话说,充电确定单元305等待电动汽车被连接至充电系统20。
当接触器被添加至第一充电列表时(步骤601:是),第一充电列表上的接触器被选择,并且向接触器控制单元302发出指令来对于所选择的接触器进行控制以便开始充电(步骤602)。注意,当多个接触器被记录在第一充电列表上时,选择并控制单个接触器。可能的选择方法包括优先选择具有到充电系统20的最早连接时间的接触器的方法、基于用户信息优先选择支付最高费用的用户,等等。
当充电开始时,充电确定单元305经由充电状态收集单元304和测量单元205、206、207来测量连接至接触器执行充电的电动汽车的充电状态,并且执行监视以确定测量值是否高于或低于预定阈值(步骤603)。
这里,是否执行监视以确定充电状态已经高于或低于阈值取决于作为充电状态所测量的值。在该实施例中,例如,将充电容量(电池电量)作为充电状态进行测量。当测量充电容量作为充电状态时,执行监视以确定测量值是否已经高于预定阈值。
图6是示出锂离子电池(LiB)的充电特性的视图。图6示出了在使用作为典型的LiB充电方法的恒定电流/恒定电压充电方法时“充电电流”、“电压”和“充电容量”的变化。如从图中所显见的,在恒定电流/恒定电压充电方法中,在充电容量保持很小时以恒定电流值执行充电。随后,当电压达到某个值时,电流值逐渐减小以使得以恒定电压执行充电。该方法被用来保护可充电电池免于过度的电压增高。
如从图6中充电容量的图形所显见的,在充电开始时,充电量稳定增加,但是其增加速度从中间点降低。因此,充电大约相同的充电量所需的时间量在充电刚开始之后和充电即将结束之前是不同的,并且因此充电效率随充电容量的增加而变差。注意,增加速度开始降低的充电容量还取决于充电电流值,从而使得当以大的电流执行充电时,增加速度在更小的充电容量开始降低。
与此同时,考虑用户关于充电容量和充电时间的满意度,如果具有60%充电容量的EV用十分钟达到80%,但是处于80%的EV用三十分钟达到100%,则即使在两种情况下充电量都增加了20%,用户满意程度也可能非常不同。另外,虽然充电量在两种情况下都增加了20%,但是如果考虑到充电前和充电后的充电量之间的相对比率,则用户的满意程度可能在充电容量从60%增加至80%时更高。
在该实施例中,事先设置充电容量阈值,并且执行监视以确定电池电量是否已经超过该阈值。例如,当充电容量阈值被设置在75%时,50%的电池电量被确定为低于该阈值并且90%的电池电量则被确定为高于该阈值。
注意,也可以进测量充电电流和充电电压作为充电状态。当测量充电电流时,充电电流随着充电进行而稳定下降,并且因此执行监视以确定充电电流是否已经低于预定阈值。另外,当测量充电电压时,执行监视以确定充电电压是否已经高于预定阈值。此外,可以在测量值监视操作中包括时间。例如,当测量充电电压时,充电电压随着充电进行而变为恒定,并且因此可以基于充电电压高于阈值的点之后所过去的时间来确定充电状态。
在确定了进行充电的电动汽车的充电状态已经达到预定条件(即,已经高于或低于阈值)的情况下(步骤603:是),充电确定单元305向接触器控制单元302发出指令以中断充电,并且随后从第一充电列表中删除执行充电的接触器并且将该接触器添加至第二充电列表(步骤604)。
接下来,充电确定单元305检查是否仍然有接触器被记录于第一充电列表上,并且当该仍然有接触器被记录时(步骤605:是),进行至步骤602。
当没有接触器被记录在第一充电列表上时(步骤605:否),充电确定单元305检查是否有接触器被记录于第二充电列表上,并且当有接触器被记录于第二充电列表上时(步骤606:是),充电确定单元305从第二充电列表中选择接触器并且向接触器控制单元302发出指令以对所选择的接触器进行控制以便开始充电(步骤607)。
注意,当多个接触器被记录于第二充电列表上时,选择并控制单个接触器。可能的选择方法包括优先选择具有到充电系统20的最早充电时间的接触器的方法、基于用户信息优先选择支付最高费用的用户,等等。
在确定了进行充电的电动汽车的充电状态已经达到了可以终止充电的条件之后(步骤608:是),充电确定单元305向接触器控制单元302发出指令以终止充电(步骤609)。充电确定单元305随后返回到步骤605,并且重复充电处理直至没有接触器被记录于第一充电列表和第二充电列表上。
注意,在该实施例中,对充电系统20一次仅能够对一台电动汽车进行充电的情形作为示例进行了描述,但是本发明也可以应用于能够同时对多台电动汽车进行充电的系统。在这种情况下,假设能够同时由系统进行充电的电动汽车的数量小于能够同时连接至该系统的电动汽车的最大数量。
根据该实施例,如以上所描述的,能够执行充电以使得抑制在电动汽车之间在可充电电池的剩余电量上的变化。现在使用图7描述对此的原因。图7A是图示由根据比较示例的充电控制设备所执行的充电处理的视图,而图7B是图示由根据本发明的充电控制设备所执行的充电处理的视图。在图7A和7B中,示意性示出了经历充电的三台电动汽车,即,EV1、2和3,相应的电池电量。横坐标示出了时间。
在图7A中,以使得当进行充电的EV达到可以终止充电的条件时开始对下一台EV充电的顺序,对EV1、2和3进行充电。如从图中所显见的,当电池电量接近充电终止水平时,电池电量的增加速度降低。
在图7B中,当相应的EV的电池电量超过由虚线所指示的预定阈值时,EV与之相连接的接触器被转移至第二充电列表。因此,当应用本发明时,三台EV的电池电量达到预定阈值所需的充电时间能够被缩短。
另外,根据该实施例,优先对相对于充电时间而具有高的电池电量增加速度的EV执行充电,并且因此能够实现增加电池电量所需时间的整体减少。作为结果,能够改善用户满意度。
本申请要求基于2011年1月21日提交的日本专利申请No.2011-11346的优先权,其全部内容被结合于此。
以上参考其实施例对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于以上实施例,并且可以在本发明范围之内关于本发明的配置和细节实施本领域技术人员所能够理解的各种修改。
以上所描述的全部或部分实施例可以被描述为以下注解,但是实施例并不局限于此。
(注解1)
一种对多台电动汽车的充电进行控制的充电控制设备,包括:
充电确定单元,其确定经由接触器所连接的电动汽车的充电状态是否满足预定条件,当满足该条件时确定该电动汽车要被充电,并且当不满足该条件时确定该电动汽车的充电要被中断以便对另一台电动汽车进行充电;以及
接触器控制单元,其基于充电确定单元的确定来对接触器进行控制。
(注解2)
根据注解1的充电控制设备,其中充电状态是电动汽车的可充电电池的剩余电量,并且
当剩余电量等于或小于预定阈值时该条件被满足。
(注解3)
根据注解1的充电控制设备,其中充电状态是电动汽车充电期间的电流值,并且
当电流值等于或大于预定阈值时该条件被满足。
(注解4)
根据注解1的充电控制设备,其中充电状态是电动汽车充电期间的电压值,并且
当电压值等于或小于预定阈值时该条件被满足。
(注解5)
一种用于对多台电动汽车的充电进行控制的充电控制方法,包括步骤:
确定经由接触器所连接的电动汽车的充电状态是否满足预定条件,当满足该条件时确定该电动汽车要被充电,并且当不满足该条件时确定该电动汽车的充电要被中断以便对另一台电动汽车进行充电;以及
基于该确定来对接触器进行控制。
(注解6)
一种使得计算机用作对多台电动汽车的充电进行控制的充电控制设备的程序,该程序使得该计算机用作:
充电确定单元,其确定经由接触器所连接的电动汽车的充电状态是否满足预定条件,当满足该条件时确定该电动汽车要被充电,并且当不满足该条件时确定该电动汽车的充电要被中断以便对另一台电动汽车进行充电;以及
接触器控制单元,其基于充电确定单元的确定来对接触器进行控制。
本发明适于执行充电以使得抑制在电动汽车之间在可充电电池的剩余电量上的变化。
10充电控制设备
20充电系统
201供电单元
202,203,204接触器
205,206,207测量单元
208,209,210电动汽车
301充电状态收集单元
302接触器控制单元
303规则维护单元
304附加信息输入单元
305充电确定单元
Claims (5)
1.一种充电控制设备,其用于对多台电动汽车的充电进行控制,该充电控制设备包括:
充电确定单元,所述充电确定单元用于确定经由接触器所连接的电动汽车的充电状态是否满足预定条件,当满足所述条件时确定所述电动汽车要被充电,并且当不满足所述条件时确定所述电动汽车的充电要被中断以便对另一台电动汽车进行充电;以及
接触器控制单元,所述接触器控制单元基于所述充电确定单元的所述确定来对所述接触器进行控制,
其中,所述充电确定单元保存有下述列表,该列表包括电动车辆所连接到的接触器的标识符以及所述电动车辆的连接时间,并且所述充电确定单元从所述列表中选择具有最早连接时间的接触器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的充电控制设备,其中,
所述充电状态是所述电动汽车的可充电电池的剩余电量,并且
当所述剩余电量等于或小于预定阈值时,所述条件被满足。
3.根据权利要求1所述的充电控制设备,其中,
所述充电状态是所述电动汽车的充电期间的电流值,并且
当所述电流值等于或大于预定阈值时,所述条件被满足。
4.根据权利要求1所述的充电控制设备,其中,
所述充电状态是所述电动汽车的充电期间的电压值,并且
当所述电压值等于或小于预定阈值时,所述条件被满足。
5.一种充电控制方法,其用于对多台电动汽车的充电进行控制,该充电控制方法包括以下各步骤:
确定经由接触器所连接的电动汽车的充电状态是否满足预定条件,当满足所述条件时确定所述电动汽车要被充电,并且当不满足所述条件时确定所述电动汽车的充电要被中断以便对另一台电动汽车进行充电;以及
基于所述确定来对所述接触器进行控制,
其中,保存有其中包括电动车辆所连接到的接触器的标识符以及所述电动车辆的连接时间的列表,并且从所述列表中选择具有最早连接时间的接触器。
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JP7308069B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-25 | 2023-07-13 | 河村電器産業株式会社 | 車両充電装置 |
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JP7387296B2 (ja) * | 2019-05-17 | 2023-11-28 | 河村電器産業株式会社 | 車両充電システム |
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CN101878576A (zh) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-11-03 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 充电控制装置及充电控制方法 |
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US7888883B2 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2011-02-15 | Eveready Battery Company, Inc. | Lighting device having cross-fade and method thereof |
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US8294420B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2012-10-23 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Kiosk vehicle charging and selecting systems |
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- 2012-01-18 US US13/980,209 patent/US20130293195A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2012-01-18 EP EP12737107.8A patent/EP2667480A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-18 KR KR1020137020622A patent/KR20130114232A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN101878576A (zh) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-11-03 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 充电控制装置及充电控制方法 |
CN201374569Y (zh) * | 2008-12-09 | 2009-12-30 | 剩沅科技股份有限公司 | 充电站 |
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CN103329394A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
WO2012099160A1 (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
EP2667480A4 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
EP2667480A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
JPWO2012099160A1 (ja) | 2014-06-30 |
KR20130114232A (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
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