CN103321894B - 摆锤式滑动泵 - Google Patents

摆锤式滑动泵 Download PDF

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CN103321894B
CN103321894B CN201310090603.0A CN201310090603A CN103321894B CN 103321894 B CN103321894 B CN 103321894B CN 201310090603 A CN201310090603 A CN 201310090603A CN 103321894 B CN103321894 B CN 103321894B
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CN103321894A (zh
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安德烈·梅德
艾克·斯蒂特瑞奇
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C14/00Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations
    • F04C14/18Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber
    • F04C14/22Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber by changing the eccentricity between cooperating members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/32Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movement defined in groups F04C2/02 and relative reciprocation between co-operating members
    • F04C2/332Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movement defined in groups F04C2/02 and relative reciprocation between co-operating members with vanes hinged to the outer member and reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/34Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C2/344Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F04C2/348Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in groups F04C2/08 or F04C2/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member the vanes positively engaging, with circumferential play, an outer rotatable member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/30Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C2/32Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movement defined in groups F04C2/02 and relative reciprocation between co-operating members
    • F04C2/324Rotary-piston machines or pumps having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F04C2/02, F04C2/08, F04C2/22, F04C2/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movement defined in groups F04C2/02 and relative reciprocation between co-operating members with vanes hinged to the inner member and reciprocating with respect to the outer member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2250/00Geometry
    • F04C2250/20Geometry of the rotor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种摆锤式滑动泵(1),具有旋转安装的内转子(2),该内转子经由摆锤(2)连接到外转子(4)。本发明的基本结构在于,凹槽(5)具有两个凹槽壁(8),其经由各倒圆区域(9)延伸入共用的凹槽底部(10);倒圆区域(9)具有变化的凹槽半径(s)并构造为无曲率突变地或以至少减少的曲率突变(12)延伸入凹槽底部(10)和/或凹槽壁(8);至凹槽壁(8)的过渡段和至凹槽底部(10)的过渡段中的凹槽半径(s)大于所述过渡段之间的凹槽半径(s)。因此,能减少所产生的应力并显著提高寿命。

Description

摆锤式滑动泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种摆锤式滑动泵,其具有旋转安装的内转子,该内转子经由摆锤连接到外转子。本发明还涉及该摆锤式滑动泵在机动车辆中的用途,以及用于该摆锤式滑动泵的内转子。
背景技术
将在数量上控制的摆锤式滑动泵用在内燃机中早已经是现有技术,其目的在于例如能够易于适应内燃机所要求的待传送流体的输送速度和压力。
例如由DE19532703C1所公知的这样一种普通的摆锤式滑动泵,用于为内燃机供给润滑剂,特别是供给油。
然而,公知的摆锤式滑动泵的缺点在于,在内转子的特别敏感部位处的应力较高,也就是在从凹槽壁到凹槽底部的过渡部位,或在各个凹槽底部自身中。在所描述的实施例中,摆锤在这里铰接地安装在外转子上并且在先前描述的内转子中的凹槽中被径向地引导。
发明内容
本发明因此涉及需要对普通型的摆锤式滑动泵提出改进实施例的问题,该改进实施例的特别优势在于具有改进的构造,并因而提高了寿命和负载能力。
该问题能够根据独立权利要求的主题发明而得到解决。优选实施例为从属权利要求的主题。
本发明所基于的总的构思是修改凹槽的几何形状,即,修改内转子或外转子中的摆锤的径向导承(radial guidance)的几何形状,从而与迄今为止的凹槽几何形状相比,尤其在从凹槽底部到侧凹槽壁/凹槽侧的过渡段(即,在倒圆区域)中的应力能够显著减少。为此,根据本发明的摆锤式滑动泵具有:旋转安装的内转子,其经由所述摆锤连接到外转子。所述摆锤铰接地安装在外转子上并且在内转子的关联凹槽中被径向地引导,或反之则其中所述凹槽布置在外转子中。根据本发明,所述凹槽各具有两个凹槽壁或凹槽侧,其各自经由倒圆区域延伸入共用的凹槽底部。倒圆区域具有变化的凹槽半径,从而无曲率突变地或至少以减少的曲率突变延伸入所述凹槽底部和凹槽壁。变化的凹槽半径意为在至凹槽壁的过渡段中和至凹槽底部的过渡段中的凹槽半径大于过渡段之间的凹槽半径。这意味着凹槽壁以较大的凹槽半径、较小的曲率延伸入倒圆区域。随后,凹槽半径朝向倒圆区域的中心减小,从而曲率在该处增加。凹槽半径朝向凹槽底部再次增加,从而曲率减小,且倒圆区域无曲率突变地或至少以显著减少的曲率突变延伸入凹槽底部。优选地,在凹槽底部、倒圆区域和凹槽壁之间不设置曲率突变。不过,曲率方向的变化即使减小了,也还是呈现在凹槽底部自身中,其在曲率方向上有改变,不过未延伸到倒圆区域中。通过对迄今为止呈现在凹槽底部或各凹槽壁和各倒圆区域之间的过渡段中的曲率突变进行消除,内转子或各外转子的尤其危险部位处的应力能够得到显著的减少,即,特别是在从凹槽底部/凹槽壁至倒圆区域的过渡段中的应力,从而内转子/外转子以及摆锤式滑动泵的寿命能够得到显著的提高。该改变的凹槽几何形状的制作能够通过制造技术容易地实现,例如,通过改变的烧结工具实现,其中各个摆锤的腿部(foot)不需改动,从而摆锤可以无改动地沿用。与迄今为止的凹槽深度相比,其各个凹槽的深度也可以保持不变,从而根据本发明,通过简单地改变内转子/外转子,可以获得显著提高耐磨性的优点。除了增加耐磨性,特别的优点还在于,耐久限度尤其得到了提高,从而寿命得到了提高,以及驱动轴和各内转子之间相互结合的效率、所传送的转矩也得到了提高。
本发明的进一步的优点在于,从凹槽底部经由倒圆区域进入相关联的凹槽壁的过渡段构造为无曲率方向的变化。因此,在这种情况下,在凹槽底部的区域中和再至倒圆区域的过渡段中或各至凹槽壁的过渡段中曲率方向均是一致的,从而再次减少了应力,延长了寿命和耐磨性。
根据本发明的方案的进一步具优势的实施例中,凹槽底部具有椭圆形状,其中椭圆体的凹槽底部的第一半径相当于约凹槽宽度的一半,第二半径相当于约第一半径的3/8。由此也能在很大程度上实现动态安全的增强和寿命的增加。
通过根据本发明的改变的凹槽几何形状,可显著减少摆锤式滑动泵的内转子的应力,特别是在其高应力区域,从而明显增加内转子的寿命和耐磨性。在传送的意义上,上文所描述的也当然能够相应地应用到外转子上,其中摆锤铰接于外转子内。
本发明的进一步重要特征将从从属权利要求、附图和借助该附图的与附图关联的说明中进一步展现。
应理解到上述特征和下文待描述的特征在不脱离本发明的范围的前提下不仅能用在各个所指明的组合中,而且能用在其他组合中或能单独使用。
本发明的优选示例性实施例图示于附图中并在下文的说明中有详细的解释,其中同样的附图标记指代同样的或类似的或功能上一样的元件。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的摆锤式滑动泵的剪切图,
图2a是根据现有技术的摆锤式滑动泵的内转子的凹槽几何结构,其中局部具有以航线图表示的曲率,
图2b是图2a的局部放大图,
图3a类似图2,但具有根据本发明的凹槽几何形状,其中在从凹槽壁/凹槽底部至倒圆区域的过渡段处具有显著减少的曲率突变,
图3b是图3a的局部放大图,
图4是根据本发明的内转子,其中无曲率方向变化的凹槽底部以极小的曲率突变从凹槽底部延伸入倒圆区域且以减少的曲率突变从凹槽壁延伸入倒圆区域,
图5是图4的可选实施例,其在凹槽底部区域和倒圆区域中无曲率方向的变化,但从凹槽壁至倒圆区域具有较大的曲率突变。
具体实施方式
根据图1,根据本发明的摆锤式滑动泵1具有旋转安装的内转子2,其经由摆锤3连接到外转子4。为了简洁起见,仅图示了外转子4的剪切部分和单个摆锤3。所图示的摆锤3铰接地安装在外转子4上并在内转子2的关联凹槽5中在径向上被引导。一般地,摆锤3由摆锤头部6和摆锤腿部7构成,其中摆锤头部6旋转安装在外转子4上,摆锤腿部7安装为能在内转子2的凹槽5内以平动的方式移动。当然,相反的实施例也是可想到的,其中摆锤3的摆锤头部6旋转安装在内转子2上,且摆锤腿部7能够在外转子4上布置的凹槽内以平动的方式移动。内转子制成为一个部件,特别是整体制成,例如通过烧结工艺。图1中所呈现的双色调并无特定含义。不过内转子2也可以用多层不同材料构成。
摆锤式滑动泵1可用于例如对内燃机(未图示)供给润滑剂,例如油,其中可选地也可以想到将其用于待传送的其他流体,例如致冷剂,冷冻剂或水。凹槽5具有两个凹槽壁/凹槽侧8,其经由倒圆区域9延伸入共用凹槽底部10,在凹槽壁8、倒圆区域9和凹槽底部10的过渡区域,局部存在的曲率以航线图的方式示出。该区域从A点经由B和C直至D点。在图2-5中,图示了多种转子的凹槽几何形状和各曲率。这里的曲率是滚动曲线的导数,其产生于当凹槽半径s和凹槽底部10被当作曲线时。该导数是滚动曲线的数学导数。该导数相当于滚动曲线的曲率。如果该曲率为常数,即为固定半径的圆周的情况,在图中可见连续的长线s和包络线g,见图2b。根据图2,在B点和C点,曲率从负值突变为正值(或反之亦然)。这里,呈现出曲率方向变化11和曲率突变12。线s的长度表示曲率的大小。曲率突变发生在图2b的B点和C点处,因为易于在倒圆区域处以圆周段的形式延伸入凹槽底部10,其中在B点和C点处曲率方向反转。因此,包络线g具有曲率突变12的形式的至少两个断点B和C。这意味着滚动曲线在从A经由B和C到D的整个路线上的曲率并不恒定。然而,在从A到B、B到C和C到D的部分区域中是连续的,除了在B点和C点处。在连续运行时,内转子的机械应力在这些部位,即B点和C点处,是最大的,因此这里由于应力而造成内转子2的破裂最容易发生。这构成了内转子2的公知状态。
可通过机械或光学测量方法测得各内转子2的局部曲率(滚动曲线),且其也可在多种设计程序中确定。对于多种滚动曲线的可能的负载限制可通过复合计算来确定。用所获得的数据以新发明的几何形状制出内转子2,可期待其展现出摆锤式滑动泵1的更高寿命。
如果现在考虑凹槽5的凹槽几何形状(根据如图2所示的现有技术构造),会发现凹槽底部10的B点和C点处的区域呈现出曲率方向变化11和曲率突变12,其将会对根据该发明的内转子2的或各相关联的摆锤式滑动泵1的耐磨性和寿命造成负面效果。其同样应用于A点和D点,即,在凹槽壁8和邻接的倒圆区域9之间的过渡段中。根据图2的凹槽5在倒圆区域9中具有切线上恒定的半径s,其中凹槽底部10自身以轻微凸起的方式向凹槽内部弯曲。
为了能够增加摆锤式滑动泵1的寿命,在如图3所示的根据本发明的内转子2中,凹槽5构造为其倒圆区域9具有变化的半径s和变化的曲率,并具有平整不弯曲的凹槽底部10。此处也呈现了曲率方向变化11,其本质上具有负面效果,不过如包络线g所示,曲率突变12明显小得多。在B’点和C’点,线s1的长度显著小于图2b所示。这里,s和半径以及曲率的大小沿着滚动曲线而变化,g为其包络线。显然,这里的具有反转曲率的区域要比图2中的窄得多也小得多。
虽然倒圆区域9具有变化的凹槽半径s,且在倒圆区域9中,至凹槽壁8的过渡段和至凹槽底部10的过渡段中的凹槽半径s大于过渡段之间的凹槽半径s,但其无曲率突变地或者至少以减少的曲率突变12延伸入凹槽底部10和凹槽壁8。
如果根据图4考虑根据本发明的内转子2,则凹槽底部10和倒圆区域9之间的过渡段构造为无曲率方向变化11,但具有微小的曲率突变12。在凹槽底部10和倒圆区域9之间的过渡点B和C中,不呈现曲率方向变化11,从而与图1所示的内转子2相比,可实现动态安全的增强和寿命的增加。从A经由B和C到D的整个滚动曲线不具有曲率方向变化11,而仅在B点和C点有较小的曲率突变12。然而,在倒圆区域9和凹槽壁8之间的过渡段中,曲率突变12要比例如图3所示的示例性实施例中的大。椭圆体的凹槽底部10的第一半径r1相当于约凹槽宽度b(见图4顶部)的一半,而第二半径r2相当于约第一半径r1的一半。在根据本发明的修改的实施例的椭圆体的凹槽底部10中,第一半径r1相当于约凹槽宽度b的一半,而第二半径r2相当于约第一半径r1的3/8。因此,该椭圆形具有显著较平的形状。
如果参照图5考虑根据本发明的内转子2,则凹槽底部10和倒圆区域9之间的过渡段构造为不具有曲率方向变化11,也不具有曲率突变12。在凹槽底部10和倒圆区域9之间的过渡点B和C处,不呈现曲率方向变化11和曲率突变12,从而与图1所示的内转子2相比,同样能实现增强动态安全并增加寿命。从A经由B和C到D的整个滚动曲线上也没有曲率方向变化11。然而,在倒圆区域9和凹槽壁8之间的过渡段中,曲率突变12明显大于根据图3和图4的示例性实施例。在所有的示例性实施例中,基本的是,倒圆区域9具有变化的凹槽半径s并构造为无曲率突变地或者至少以减少的曲率突变12延伸入凹槽底部10和/或凹槽壁8,且至凹槽壁8的过渡段和至凹槽底部10的过渡段中的凹槽半径s大于过渡段之间的凹槽半径s。
在如图5所示的内转子2中,凹槽底部10也具有椭圆形状,即,其轮廓也具有恒定曲率,从而在凹槽底部10中不呈现曲率方向变化11。此外,在倒圆区域9到凹槽底部10的过渡段处的B点和C点处也不呈现曲率突变12。
如果考虑如图3和5所示的实施例,可观察到,与图2的实施例相比,静态和动态安全显著增强,其中图2代表基本结构。根据图4和图5可获得最大的增强。
在示出的附图中,在凹槽壁8至倒圆区域9的过渡区域中,即,在点A和点D中,未关于曲率相容性进行优化,不过优化也是可行的,并且如果能应用的话较为有利。在实际应用中,在A点和D点未发生过这么高的应力,因此内转子2破裂的风险事实上不存在。对于这些过渡段,如果凹槽壁8这样平滑地延伸入倒圆区域9使得摆锤式滑动泵1的摆锤3能够以几乎无摩擦的方式滑动于其上,就已完全足够。
总之,可以说通过根据本发明的修改的凹槽几何形状,可实现根据本发明的摆锤式滑动泵1的动态安全的显著增强和寿命的显著提高,而完全无需改动根据本发明的摆锤式滑动泵1的如摆锤3等其他元件。

Claims (7)

1.一种摆锤式滑动泵(1),具有旋转安装的内转子(2),该内转子经由摆锤(2)连接到外转子(4),其特征在于,
-摆锤(3)铰接地安装在外转子(4)上且在内转子(2)中的相关联的凹槽(5)内被径向地引导,或所述摆锤(3)旋转安装在所述内转子(2)上且在外转子(4)上布置的凹槽内以平动的方式移动,
-凹槽(5)具有两个凹槽壁(8),其经由各倒圆区域(9)延伸入共用的凹槽底部(10),
-倒圆区域(9)具有变化的凹槽半径(s)并构造为无曲率突变地或至少以减少的曲率突变(12)延伸入凹槽底部(10)和/或凹槽壁(8),
-至凹槽壁(8)的过渡段和至凹槽底部(10)的过渡段中的凹槽半径(s)大于所述过渡段之间的凹槽半径(s)。
2.如权利要求1所述的摆锤式滑动泵,其特征在于,从凹槽底部(10)到凹槽壁(8)的过渡段构造为不具有曲率方向变化。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的摆锤式滑动泵,其特征在于,凹槽底部(10)具有椭圆形状。
4.如权利要求3所述的摆锤式滑动泵,其特征在于,椭圆体的凹槽底部(10)的第一半径(r1)相当于凹槽宽度(b)的一半,其第二半径相当于第一半径(r1)的一半。
5.如权利要求3所述的摆锤式滑动泵,其特征在于,椭圆体的凹槽底部(10)的第一半径(r1)相当于凹槽宽度(b)的一半,其第二半径(r2)相当于第一半径(r1)的0.375倍。
6.一种内转子(2)或外转子(4),其用于根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的摆锤式滑动泵(1),其中凹槽(5)具有两个凹槽壁(8),其各经由倒圆区域(9)延伸入共用的凹槽底部(10),其中倒圆区域(9)具有变化的凹槽半径(s)且构造为无曲率突变地或至少以减少的曲率突变(12)延伸入凹槽底部(10)和/或凹槽壁(8),且其中至凹槽壁(8)的过渡段和至凹槽底部(10)的过渡段中的凹槽半径(s)大于所述过渡段之间的凹槽半径(s)。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的摆锤式滑动泵(1)在具有内燃机或混合电路驱动器或电驱动器的机动车辆中的用途。
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