A kind of method of separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan
One, technical field
The invention belongs to the separating and purifying technology field of Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, be specifically related to utilize membrane sepn, alcohol settling is separated the method obtaining high-purity kanjak glucomannosan.
Two, background technology
Konjaku is Araeceae perennial herb tuberous plant, and its stem tuber is rich in deposit property polysaccharide, after extracted many times process, obtain konjaku powder.Containing the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan (KGM) of 40% ~ 80% in konjaku powder, also have a small amount of protein, foodstuff fibre, starch, free reducing sugar, amino acid and a small amount of inorganic salt etc.
Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan has significant lipid-lowering effect, and long-term edible konjak products has good preventive and therapeutic effect to coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, habitual constipation and cancer etc.In addition, due to the high viscosity of Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan and the modified product water-sol thereof, stability, emulsifying property, high swollen property, film-forming properties, gelation and specific biological activity, them are made to have good application prospect in fields such as food, medicine, chemical industry, daily use chemicals, papermaking, weaving, oil and environmental protection.In konjaku powder, the content of konjac glucomanna is higher, molecular weight is larger, and the quality of its fine powder and corresponding product thereof is all right, and its purity directly determines quality and the economic worth of product.
The method of existing purifying Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, as " Food science " the 35th volume the 5th phase " research of ethyl alcohol purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan " one literary composition in 2010, disclosed method is: with the ethanol of 90%, extracts 3 times under 70 DEG C of conditions, each 3h, the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan purity obtained is 90.8%.The main drawback of the method is: the simple ethanol that adopts carries out alcohol settling extraction and isolation to Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, and is not separated the impurity being insoluble to ethanol wherein, and cause product purity not high, product utilization scope is restricted.And for example " Chinese Forest by-product and speciality " the 5th phase in 2008 " Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan purifying is optimized and the molten comparatively stability study of rehydration " one literary composition, disclosed method is: konjaku powder is swollenly filtered to obtain primary water colloidal sol with water-soluble, with after through decompression dehydration, concentrated, desalination, regulate pH, add Savag reagent, separatory, leave standstill to obtain the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan water-sol, use 70%, 80%, 95% ethanol wash-out successively subsequently successively, stir, stratification, Büchner funnel precipitation separation, dehydrated alcohol and washed with diethylether precipitate 3 times, put 45 DEG C of baking ovens, obtain drying products.The major defect of the method is that the konjak portuguese gansu polyose sugar component obtained is single, complex steps, and various micromolecular water solubility impurity also fails to remove.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the weak point for existing separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan method, a kind of high efficiency separation purifying Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is provided and obtains the method for two kinds of different molecular weight Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannans.The present invention has organic solvent can Reusability, and cost is lower, simple to operate, and product purity is high, without features such as " three wastes " discharges.
Mechanism of the present invention is:
Except Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, starch, protein, the free impurity such as reducing sugar, amino acid is mainly contained in konjaku powder, wherein Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is water-soluble, and Mierocrystalline cellulose, starch etc. are water insoluble, therefore, by centrifugal for konjak portuguese gansu polyose sugar aqueous solution, the insolubless such as Mierocrystalline cellulose can be removed; The molecular weight of Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is between 200,000 ~ 2,000,000, konjaku protein molecular weight is less than 30,000, the molecular weight of the free impurity such as reducing sugar, amino acid is less, therefore, select the ultra-filtration membrane of certain molecular weight cut-off to carry out ultrafiltration and can remove small-molecular-weight impurity, obtain purifying konjak portuguese gansu polyose sugar soln; Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is precipitable precipitation in certain density ethanolic soln, and because molecular weight is different, the alcohol concn of separating out needed for precipitation is different, therefore by regulating that ethanol solution concentration can obtain purifying, that molecular weight is different konjak portuguese gansu polyose sugar component.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method of separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, with commercially available konjaku powder for raw material, through water-soluble and centrifugal, ultra-filtration and separation, sodium-chlor and alcohol settling, ultra-filtration and separation, alcohol settling, spraying dry, the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan dried powder of obtained two kinds of highly purified different molecular weights.Its concrete method steps is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
With commercially available konjaku powder for raw material, with pure water as solvent, in konjaku powder quality (g): the ratio of pure water volume (mL) is the ratio of 1: 200 ~ 400, pure water is added in konjaku powder, under 30 ~ 50 DEG C of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3 ~ 5h, then under the rotating speed of 6000 ~ 10000 revs/min, carry out centrifugation, collect centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation respectively.For the centrifugal clear liquid collected, continue purifying for next step and obtain Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, directly can be used as the binding agent of moulded coal etc. for the centrifugation of collecting.
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
After (1) step completes, the centrifugal clear liquid dilution 5 ~ 15 times of first (1) step being collected, subsequently the centrifugal clear liquid of dilution is pumped in ultra-fine filter, with the ultra-filtration membrane that molecular weight cut-off is 10 ~ 200,000, ultra-filtration and separation is carried out under 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa, the protein, amino acid, reducing sugar, inorganic salt etc. of small-molecular-weight are through ultra-filtration membrane, and the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan of macromolecule can not be stayed in trapped fluid through ultra-filtration membrane, collect filtered solution and trapped fluid respectively.For the trapped fluid collected, for lower step precipitate and separate, for filtered solution, mainly containing the small-molecule substance such as amino acid, inorganic salt, biochemical treatment is carried out to it, rear discharge up to standard.
(3) sodium-chlor and alcohol settling
After (2) step completes, successively in the trapped fluid that (2) step is collected: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10% ~ 20%: the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 10% ~ 20% is add the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10% ~ 20% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 10% ~ 20% successively in the trapped fluid collected to (2) step of ratio of 1: 3 ~ 5: 3 ~ 5, stir 20 ~ 40 minutes, then under the rotating speed of 6000 ~ 10000 revs/min, carry out second time centrifugation, collect secondary centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation respectively.
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
After (3) step completes, by secondary centrifugation that (3) step is collected, in second time centrifugation quality (g): pure water volume (mL) adds pure water than the ratio being 1: 200 ~ 400 in second time centrifugation, under 30 ~ 50 DEG C of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3 ~ 5h, and then be the ultra-filtration membrane of 10 ~ 200,000 with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, collect secondary ultrafiltration filtered solution and trapped fluid respectively.Secondary ultra-filter retentate is pumped in spray-drier, rotating speed be 6000 ~ 12000r/min, inlet temperature 120 ~ 150 DEG C, air outlet temperature carry out spraying dry under being the condition of 70 ~ 90 DEG C, collect dried powder, namely obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder of 94.61% ~ 98.76%.
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
After (4) step completes, the second time centrifugal clear liquid dilution 1 ~ 5 times that (3) step is collected, with the ultra-filtration membrane that molecular weight cut-off is 10 ~ 200,000, under 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa, carry out ultrafiltration, collect ultrafiltration filtered solution and the trapped fluid of the 3rd time respectively.Third time trapped fluid in collecting: massfraction to be 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio be 3: 1 ~ 1.5 ratio in the trapped fluid of third time, add the ethanolic soln that massfraction is 95%, stir 20 ~ 40 minutes, then under the rotating speed of 6000 ~ 10000 revs/min, carry out third time centrifugation, collect centrifugal clear liquid and the centrifugation of third time respectively.By the centrifugation of third time, be placed in constant pressure and dry case, drying is carried out at 60 ~ 80 DEG C, just obtained viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, purity is the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder of 95.72 ~ 98.80%, for the centrifugal clear liquid of third time, it is mixed with the second time ultrafiltration filtered solution collected in (4) step with third time ultrafiltration filtered solution, pump in vacuum concentrating apparatus, be-0.6 ~ 0.9MPa in vacuum tightness, temperature is at 70 ~ 85 DEG C, carry out vacuum concentration, without till during ethanol smell in concentrated solution, collect concentrated solution and evaporated liquor, evaporated liquor is the ethanol of recovery, reuse after its concentration adjustable, for the concentrated solution collected, evaporating solvent, recovery sodium-chlor reuse.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly contain following effect:
1, the present invention effectively can remove protein, starch, the free impurity such as reducing sugar, amino acid in konjaku powder under the condition of mild condition, and purification efficiency is high, and the purity of Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is high, up to 94.61 ~ 98.80%.
2, the present invention in process of production, mainly uses the non-toxic substance such as ethanol, distilled water, and this is not only safe, pollution-free in process of production, and without " three wastes " discharge, production cost is low.
3, the technique of production process of the present invention is simple, save energy.
The product purity adopting the inventive method obtained is high, can be widely used in, in the industries such as food, medicine, chemical industry, daily use chemicals, having good preventive and therapeutic effect to coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, habitual constipation and cancer etc.
Four, embodiment, further illustrates the present invention
Embodiment 1
A method for separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
With commercially available konjaku powder for raw material, with pure water as solvent, in konjaku powder quality (g): the ratio of pure water volume (mL) is the ratio of 1: 200, pure water is added in konjaku powder, under 30 DEG C of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3h, then under the rotating speed of 6000 revs/min, carry out centrifugation, collect centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation respectively.For the centrifugal clear liquid collected, continue purifying for next step and obtain Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, directly can be used as the binding agent of moulded coal etc. for the centrifugation of collecting.
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
After (1) step completes, first the centrifugal clear liquid that (1) step is collected is diluted 5 times, subsequently the centrifugal clear liquid of dilution is pumped in ultra-fine filter, be the ultra-filtration membrane of 100,000 with molecular weight cut-off, ultra-filtration and separation is carried out under 0.1MPa, the amino acid, reducing sugar, inorganic salt etc. of small-molecular-weight are through ultra-filtration membrane, and macromolecular Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan can not be stayed in trapped fluid through ultra-filtration membrane, collect filtered solution and trapped fluid respectively.For the trapped fluid collected, for lower step precipitate and separate, for filtered solution, mainly containing the small-molecule substance such as amino acid, inorganic salt, biochemical treatment is carried out to it, rear discharge up to standard.
(3) sodium-chlor and alcohol settling
After (2) step completes, successively in the trapped fluid that (2) step is collected: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10%: the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 10% is add the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 10% successively in the trapped fluid collected to (2) step of ratio of 1: 3: 3, stir 20 minutes, then under the rotating speed of 6000 revs/min, carry out second time centrifugation, collect secondary centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation respectively.
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
After (3) step completes, by secondary centrifugation that (3) step is collected, in second time centrifugation quality (g): pure water volume (mL) adds pure water than the ratio being 1: 200 in second time centrifugation, under 30 DEG C of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3h, and then be the ultra-filtration membrane of 100,000 with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, collect secondary ultrafiltration filtered solution and trapped fluid respectively.Secondary ultra-filter retentate is pumped in spray-drier, rotating speed be 6000r/min, inlet temperature 120 DEG C, air outlet temperature carry out spraying dry under being the condition of 70 DEG C, collect dried powder, namely obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder of 94.61%.
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
After (4) step completes, the second time centrifugal clear liquid that (3) step is collected is diluted 2 times, is the ultra-filtration membrane of 100,000 with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1MPa, carries out ultrafiltration, collect ultrafiltration filtered solution and the trapped fluid of third time respectively.Third time trapped fluid in collecting: massfraction to be 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio be 3: 1 ratio in the trapped fluid of third time, add the ethanolic soln that massfraction is 95%, stir 20 minutes, then under the rotating speed of 6000 revs/min, carry out third time centrifugation, collect centrifugal clear liquid and the centrifugation of third time respectively.By the centrifugation of third time, be placed in constant pressure and dry case, drying is carried out at 60 DEG C, just obtained viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, purity is the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder of 95.72%, for the centrifugal clear liquid of third time, it is mixed with the second time ultrafiltration filtered solution collected in (4) step with third time ultrafiltration filtered solution, pump in vacuum concentrating apparatus, be-0.6MPa in vacuum tightness, temperature is at 70 DEG C, carry out vacuum concentration, without till during ethanol smell in concentrated solution, collect concentrated solution and evaporated liquor, evaporated liquor is the ethanol of recovery, reuse after its concentration adjustable, for the concentrated solution collected, evaporating solvent, crystallization, reclaim sodium-chlor and reuse.
Embodiment 2
A method for separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
With embodiment 1, wherein: konjaku powder quality (g): the ratio of pure water volume (mL) is under 1: 300,40 DEG C of conditions, and stirring and dissolving 4h, then under the rotating speed of 8000 revs/min, carries out centrifugation.
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
With embodiment 1, wherein: the centrifugal clear liquid that (1) step is collected dilutes 10 times, carries out ultra-filtration and separation at 0.2 mpa with the ultra-filtration membrane that molecular weight cut-off is 100,000.
(3) sodium-chlor and alcohol settling
With embodiment 1, wherein: the trapped fluid that (2) step is collected: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 15%: the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 15% is add the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 15% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 15% successively in the trapped fluid collected to (2) step of ratio of 1: 4: 4, stir 30 minutes, then, under the rotating speed of 8000 revs/min, second time centrifugation is carried out.
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
With embodiment 1, wherein: second time centrifugation quality (g): pure water volume (mL) is than being 1: 300, under 40 DEG C of conditions, stirring and dissolving 4h, molecular weight cut-off is the ultra-filtration membrane of 100,000, carries out ultra-filtration and separation at 0.2 mpa, and spray-drier rotating speed is 8000r/min, inlet temperature 130 DEG C, air outlet temperature are 80 DEG C, obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder of 96.26%.
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
With embodiment 1, wherein: the second time centrifugal clear liquid that (3) step is collected dilutes 3 times, molecular weight cut-off is the ultra-filtration membrane of 100,000, carry out ultrafiltration at 0.2 mpa, the third time trapped fluid collected: massfraction is 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio is 3: 1.5, stir 30 minutes, under the rotating speed of 8000 revs/min, carry out third time centrifugation.Constant pressure and dry case temperature is 70 DEG C, and obtained viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, and purity is the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder of 97.02%, is-0.8MPa in vacuum tightness, at temperature is 80 DEG C, carries out vacuum concentration.
Embodiment 3
A method for separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
With embodiment 1, wherein: konjaku powder quality (g): the ratio of pure water volume (mL) is under 1: 400,50 DEG C of conditions, and stirring and dissolving 5h, then under the rotating speed of 10000 revs/min, carries out centrifugation.
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
With embodiment 1, wherein: the centrifugal clear liquid that (1) step is collected dilutes 15 times, is that the ultra-filtration membrane of 200,000 carries out ultra-filtration and separation under 0.3MPa with molecular weight cut-off.
(3) sodium-chlor and alcohol settling
With embodiment 1, wherein: the trapped fluid that (2) step is collected: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 20%: the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 20% is add the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 20% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 20% successively in the trapped fluid collected to (2) step of ratio of 1: 5: 5, stir 40 minutes, then, under the rotating speed of 10000 revs/min, second time centrifugation is carried out.
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
With embodiment 1, wherein: second time centrifugation quality (g): pure water volume (mL) is than being 1: 400, under 50 DEG C of conditions, stirring and dissolving 5h, molecular weight cut-off is the ultra-filtration membrane of 200,000, under 0.3MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, and spray-drier rotating speed is 10000r/min, inlet temperature 150 DEG C, air outlet temperature are 90 DEG C, obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder of 98.76%.
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
With embodiment 1, wherein: the second time centrifugal clear liquid that (3) step is collected dilutes 5 times, molecular weight cut-off is the ultra-filtration membrane of 200,000, ultrafiltration is carried out under 0.3MPa, the third time trapped fluid collected: massfraction is 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio is 3: 1.5, stir 40 minutes, under the rotating speed of 10000 revs/min, carry out third time centrifugation.In constant pressure and dry case, temperature is 80 DEG C, and obtained viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, and purity is the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder of 98.80%, is-0.8MPa in vacuum tightness, at temperature is 85 DEG C, carries out vacuum concentration.