CN103304677A - Method for separating and purifying konjac glucomannan - Google Patents
Method for separating and purifying konjac glucomannan Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for separating and purifying konjac glucomannan and discloses a method for obtaining konjac glucomannan with two different molecular weights by utilizing membrane separation and an ethanol precipitation method for separation and purification. According to the method disclosed by the invention, commercially available konjac fine powder is taken as a raw material, and water solution, centrifugation, ultrafiltration separation, precipitation by sodium chloride and ethanol, ultrafiltration separation, ethanol precipitation and spray-drying are performed to prepare a finished product. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a high-purity product can be produced under mild conditions, and the method has the characteristics of simple production equipment, simplicity and convenience in operation, no emission of three wastes, low production cost and high utilization rate of resources. The konjac glucomannan product prepared by adopting the method disclosed by the invention can be widely applied to the fields of foods, medicines, chemical industry, daily chemicals, paper-making, textiles, petroleum, environmental protection and the like.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to the separating and purifying technology field of Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, be specifically related to utilize membrane sepn, the ethanol precipitate and separate obtains the method for high-purity kanjak glucomannosan.
Two, background technology
Konjaku is Araeceae perennial herb tuberous plant, and its stem tuber is rich in deposit property polysaccharide, obtains konjaku powder after processing through extracted many times.Contain 40%～80% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan (KGM) in the konjaku powder, also have a small amount of protein, foodstuff fibre, starch, free reducing sugar, amino acid and a small amount of inorganic salt etc.
Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan has significant lipid-lowering effect, and edible konjak products has good preventive and therapeutic effect to coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, habitual constipation and cancer etc. for a long time.In addition, because the high viscosity of Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan and the modified product water-sol thereof, stability, emulsifying property, high swollen property, film-forming properties, gelation and specific biological activity are so that they have good application prospect in fields such as food, medicine, chemical industry, daily use chemicals, papermaking, weaving, oil and environmental protection.The content of konjac glucomanna is higher in the konjaku powder, molecular weight is larger, and the quality of its fine powder and corresponding product thereof is all right, and its purity directly determines quality and the economic worth of product.
The method of existing purifying Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, such as " Food science " the 5th phase of the 35th volume in 2010 " research of an ethyl alcohol purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan " literary composition, disclosed method is: the ethanol with 90%, extract 3 times under 70 ℃ of conditions, each 3h, the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan purity that obtains is 90.8%.The main drawback of the method is: adopt merely ethanol that Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is carried out ethanol precipitation and extract and separate, and wherein the impurity that is insoluble to ethanol is not separated, cause product purity not high, the product utilization scope is restricted." Chinese Forest by-product and speciality " the 5th phase in 2008 " Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan purifying optimize and rehydration molten than stability study " literary composition and for example, disclosed method is: konjaku powder water swelling is filtered to get primary water colloidal sol, with by decompression dehydration, concentrated, desalination, regulate pH, add Savag reagent, separatory, leave standstill to get the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan water-sol, use successively subsequently successively wash-out of 70%, 80%, 95% ethanol, stir standing demix, the Büchner funnel precipitation separation, 45 ℃ of baking ovens are put in dehydrated alcohol and ether washing precipitation 3 times, namely get drying products.The major defect of the method is that the konjak portuguese gansu polyose sugar component that obtains is single, complex steps, and various micromolecular water solubility impurities also fail to remove.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the weak point for existing separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan method, a kind of high efficiency separation purifying Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is provided and obtains the method for two kinds of different molecular weight Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannans.But the present invention has the organic solvent Reusability, and cost is lower, and is simple to operate, and product purity is high, without characteristics such as " three wastes " dischargings.
Mechanism of the present invention is:
Except Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, mainly contain the impurity such as starch, protein, free reducing sugar, amino acid in the konjaku powder, wherein Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is water-soluble, and Mierocrystalline cellulose, starch etc. are water insoluble, therefore, the konjak portuguese gansu polyose sugar aqueous solution is centrifugal, can remove the insolubless such as Mierocrystalline cellulose; The molecular weight of Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is between 200,000～2,000,000, the konjaku protein molecular weight is less than 30,000, the molecular weight of the impurity such as free reducing sugar, amino acid is less, therefore, select the ultra-filtration membrane of certain molecular weight cut-off to carry out ultrafiltration and can remove small molecular weight impurity, obtain purifying konjak portuguese gansu polyose sugar soln; Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is precipitable separating out in certain density ethanolic soln, because molecular weight is different, separates out the required alcohol concn difference of precipitation, therefore can obtain konjak portuguese gansu polyose sugar components purifying, that molecular weight is different by regulating ethanolic soln concentration.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method of separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, take commercially available konjaku powder as raw material, through water-soluble and centrifugal, ultra-filtration and separation, sodium-chlor and ethanol precipitation, ultra-filtration and separation, ethanol precipitation, spraying drying, make the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan dried powder of two kinds of highly purified different molecular weights.Its concrete method steps is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
Take commercially available konjaku powder as raw material, with pure water as solvent, in konjaku powder quality (g): the ratio of pure water volume (mL) is 1: 200～400 ratio, in konjaku powder, add pure water, under 30～50 ℃ of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3～5h is then under 6000～10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out centrifugation, collect respectively centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation.For the centrifugal clear liquid of collecting, be used for next step and continue purifying and get Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, for the centrifugation of collecting can be directly as the binding agent of moulded coal etc.
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
(1) step finish after, 5～15 times of the centrifugal clear liquid dilutions of first (1) step being collected, centrifugal clear liquid with dilution pumps in the ultra-fine filter subsequently, it is 10～200,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1～0.3MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, the protein of small molecular weight, amino acid, reducing sugar, inorganic salt etc. see through ultra-filtration membrane, and the Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan of macromolecule can not see through ultra-filtration membrane and stay in the trapped fluid, collects respectively filtered solution and trapped fluid.For the trapped fluid of collecting, be used for precipitate and separate of lower step, for filtered solution, mainly contain the small-molecule substances such as amino acid, inorganic salt, it is carried out biochemical treatment, rear discharging up to standard.
(3) sodium-chlor and ethanol precipitation
(2) step finish after, the trapped fluid of collecting in (2) step successively: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10%～20%: add successively the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10%～20% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 10%～20% in the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 10%～20% trapped fluid that to be 1: 3～5: 3～5 ratio collect to (2) step, stirred 20～40 minutes, then under 6000～10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out the centrifugation second time, collect respectively secondary centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation.
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
(3) step finish after, secondary centrifugation with the collection of (3) step, in centrifugation quality (g) for the second time: pure water volume (mL) adds pure water than the ratio that is 1: 200～400 in the centrifugation second time, under 30～50 ℃ of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3～5h, and then be 10～200,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1～0.3MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, collect respectively secondary ultrafiltration filtered solution and trapped fluid.Pump in the spray-drier for secondary ultrafiltration trapped fluid, be that 6000～12000r/min, 120～150 ℃ of inlet temperature, air outlet temperature carry out spraying drying under 70～90 ℃ the condition at rotating speed, collect dried powder, namely obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is 94.61%～98.76% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder.
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
After finishing in (4) step, 1～5 times of the centrifugal clear liquid dilution second time that (3) step was collected is 10～200,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, carries out ultrafiltration under 0.1～0.3MPa, collects respectively the 3rd time ultrafiltration filtered solution and trapped fluid.In for the third time trapped fluid of collecting: massfraction is 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio to be 3: 1～1.5 ratio add in the trapped fluid for the third time massfraction is 95% ethanolic soln, stirred 20～40 minutes, then under 6000～10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out for the third time centrifugation, collect respectively for the third time centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation.With centrifugation for the third time, place the constant pressure and dry case, under 60～80 ℃, carry out drying, just making viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, purity is 95.72～98.80% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder, for centrifugal clear liquid for the third time, it is mixed with the ultrafiltration second time filtered solution collected in ultrafiltration filtered solution for the third time and (4) step, pumping in the vacuum concentrating apparatus, is-0.6～0.9MPa in vacuum tightness, temperature is under 70～85 ℃, carries out vacuum concentration, until in the concentrated solution during without the ethanol smell till, collect concentrated solution and evaporated liquor, evaporated liquor is the ethanol of recovery, reuses after can regulating its concentration; For the concentrated solution of collecting, evaporating solvent, recovery sodium-chlor reuse.
After the present invention adopts technique scheme, mainly contain following effect:
1, the present invention can effectively remove protein, the starch in the konjaku powder, the impurity such as reducing sugar, amino acid that dissociate under the condition of mild condition, and purification efficiency is high, and the purity of Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is high, up to 94.61～98.80%.
2, the present invention mainly uses the non-toxic substances such as ethanol, distilled water in process of production, and this is not only safe, pollution-free in process of production, and without " three wastes " discharging, production cost is low.
3, the technique of production process of the present invention is simple, save energy.
The product purity that adopts the inventive method to make is high, can be widely used in the industries such as food, medicine, chemical industry, daily use chemicals coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, habitual constipation and cancer etc. being had good preventive and therapeutic effect.
Four, embodiment further specifies the present invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, the concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
Take commercially available konjaku powder as raw material, with pure water as solvent, in konjaku powder quality (g): the ratio of pure water volume (mL) is 1: 200 ratio, in konjaku powder, add pure water, under 30 ℃ of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3h is then under 6000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out centrifugation, collect respectively centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation.For the centrifugal clear liquid of collecting, be used for next step and continue purifying and get Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, for the centrifugation of collecting can be directly as the binding agent of moulded coal etc.
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
(1) step finish after, 5 times of the centrifugal clear liquid dilutions of first (1) step being collected, centrifugal clear liquid with dilution pumps in the ultra-fine filter subsequently, it is 100,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, the amino acid of small molecular weight, reducing sugar, inorganic salt etc. see through ultra-filtration membrane, and macromolecular Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan can not see through ultra-filtration membrane and stay in the trapped fluid, collects respectively filtered solution and trapped fluid.For the trapped fluid of collecting, be used for precipitate and separate of lower step, for filtered solution, mainly contain the small-molecule substances such as amino acid, inorganic salt, it is carried out biochemical treatment, rear discharging up to standard.
(3) sodium-chlor and ethanol precipitation
(2) step finish after, the trapped fluid of collecting in (2) step successively: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10%: the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 10% is that 1: 3: 3 ratio adds the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 10% successively in the trapped fluid of (2) step collection, stirred 20 minutes, then under 6000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out the centrifugation second time, collect respectively secondary centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation.
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
(3) step finish after, secondary centrifugation with the collection of (3) step, in centrifugation quality (g) for the second time: pure water volume (mL) adds pure water than the ratio that is 1: 200 in the centrifugation second time, under 30 ℃ of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3h, and then be 100,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, collect respectively secondary ultrafiltration filtered solution and trapped fluid.Pump in the spray-drier for secondary ultrafiltration trapped fluid, be that 6000r/min, 120 ℃ of inlet temperature, air outlet temperature carry out spraying drying under 70 ℃ the condition at rotating speed, collect dried powder, namely obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is 94.61% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder.
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
After finishing in (4) step, 2 times of the centrifugal clear liquid dilutions second time that (3) step was collected are 100,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, carry out ultrafiltration under 0.1MPa, respectively collection ultrafiltration filtered solution and trapped fluid for the third time.In for the third time trapped fluid of collecting: massfraction is that 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio is that to add massfraction in the trapped fluid for the third time be 95% ethanolic soln for 3: 1 ratio, stirred 20 minutes, then under 6000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out for the third time centrifugation, collect respectively for the third time centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation.With centrifugation for the third time, place the constant pressure and dry case, under 60 ℃, carry out drying, just making viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, purity is 95.72% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder, for centrifugal clear liquid for the third time, it is mixed with the ultrafiltration second time filtered solution collected in ultrafiltration filtered solution for the third time and (4) step, pump in the vacuum concentrating apparatus, in vacuum tightness be-0.6MPa, temperature is under 70 ℃, carries out vacuum concentration, until in the concentrated solution during without the ethanol smell till, collect concentrated solution and evaporated liquor, evaporated liquor is the ethanol of recovery, reuses after can regulating its concentration; For the concentrated solution of collecting, evaporating solvent, crystallization are reclaimed sodium-chlor and are reused.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, the concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
With embodiment 1, wherein: konjaku powder quality (g): the ratio of pure water volume (mL) is 1: 300, and under 40 ℃ of conditions, then stirring and dissolving 4h under 8000 rev/mins rotating speed, carries out centrifugation.
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
With embodiment 1, wherein: the centrifugal clear liquid that (1) step collected dilutes 10 times, is that 100,000 ultra-filtration membrane carries out ultra-filtration and separation with molecular weight cut-off under 0.2MPa.
(3) sodium-chlor and ethanol precipitation
With embodiment 1, wherein: the trapped fluid that (2) step collected: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 15%: the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 15% is that 1: 4: 4 ratio adds the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 15% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 15% successively in the trapped fluid of (2) step collection, stirred 30 minutes, then under 8000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out the centrifugation second time.
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
With embodiment 1, wherein: centrifugation quality (g) for the second time: pure water volume (mL) is than being 1: 300, under 40 ℃ of conditions, stirring and dissolving 4h, molecular weight cut-off is 100,000 ultra-filtration membrane, carries out ultra-filtration and separation under 0.2MPa, and the spray-drier rotating speed is that 8000r/min, 130 ℃ of inlet temperature, air outlet temperature are 80 ℃, obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is 96.26% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder.
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
With embodiment 1, wherein: the centrifugal clear liquid second time that (3) step collected dilutes 3 times, molecular weight cut-off is 100,000 ultra-filtration membrane, under 0.2MPa, carry out ultrafiltration, the for the third time trapped fluid of collecting: massfraction is that 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio is 3: 1.5, stirred 30 minutes, and under 8000 rev/mins rotating speed, carried out for the third time centrifugation.Constant pressure and dry case temperature is 70 ℃, and making viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, and purity is 97.02% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder, is under 80 ℃ in vacuum tightness for-0.8MPa, temperature, carries out vacuum concentration.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan, the concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
With embodiment 1, wherein: konjaku powder quality (g): the ratio of pure water volume (mL) is 1: 400, and under 50 ℃ of conditions, then stirring and dissolving 5h under 10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carries out centrifugation.
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
With embodiment 1, wherein: the centrifugal clear liquid that (1) step collected dilutes 15 times, is that 200,000 ultra-filtration membrane carries out ultra-filtration and separation with molecular weight cut-off under 0.3MPa.
(3) sodium-chlor and ethanol precipitation
With embodiment 1, wherein: the trapped fluid that (2) step collected: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 20%: the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 20% is that 1: 5: 5 ratio adds the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 20% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 20% successively in the trapped fluid of (2) step collection, stirred 40 minutes, then under 10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out the centrifugation second time.
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
With embodiment 1, wherein: centrifugation quality (g) for the second time: pure water volume (mL) is than being 1: 400, under 50 ℃ of conditions, stirring and dissolving 5h, molecular weight cut-off is 200,000 ultra-filtration membrane, carries out ultra-filtration and separation under 0.3MPa, and the spray-drier rotating speed is that 10000r/min, 150 ℃ of inlet temperature, air outlet temperature are 90 ℃, obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is 98.76% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder.
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
With embodiment 1, wherein: the centrifugal clear liquid second time that (3) step collected dilutes 5 times, molecular weight cut-off is 200,000 ultra-filtration membrane, under 0.3MPa, carry out ultrafiltration, the for the third time trapped fluid of collecting: massfraction is that 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio is 3: 1.5, stirred 40 minutes, and under 10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carried out for the third time centrifugation.Temperature is 80 ℃ in the constant pressure and dry case, and making viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, and purity is 98.80% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder, is under 85 ℃ in vacuum tightness for-0.8MPa, temperature, carries out vacuum concentration.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a separation and purification Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan is characterized in that the concrete grammar step is as follows:
(1) water-soluble and centrifugal
Take commercially available konjaku powder as raw material, with pure water as solvent, in the konjaku powder quality: the ratio of pure water volume is the ratio of 1g: 200～400mL, in konjaku powder, add pure water, under 30～50 ℃ of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3～5h is then under 6000～10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out centrifugation, collect respectively centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation;
(2) ultra-filtration and separation
(1) step finish after, 5～15 times of the centrifugal clear liquid dilutions of first (1) step being collected, centrifugal clear liquid with dilution pumps in the ultra-fine filter subsequently, it is 10～200,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1～0.3MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, collect respectively filtered solution and trapped fluid, filtered solution is carried out biochemical treatment;
(3) sodium-chlor and ethanol precipitation
(2) step finish after, the trapped fluid of collecting in (2) step successively: the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10%～20%: add successively the sodium chloride solution of massfraction 10%～20% and the ethanolic soln of massfraction 10%～20% in the volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio of massfraction 10%～20% trapped fluid that to be 1: 3～5: 3～5 ratio collect to (2) step, stirred 20～40 minutes, then under 6000～10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out the centrifugation second time, collect respectively secondary centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation;
(4) ultra-filtration and separation again
(3) step finish after, secondary centrifugation with the collection of (3) step, in centrifugation quality for the second time: the pure water volume ratio is that the ratio of 1g: 200～400mL adds pure water in the centrifugation second time, under 30～50 ℃ of conditions, stirring and dissolving 3～5h, and then be 10～200,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1～0.3MPa, carry out ultra-filtration and separation, collect respectively secondary ultrafiltration filtered solution and trapped fluid, pump in the spray-drier for secondary ultrafiltration trapped fluid, be 6000～12000r/min at rotating speed, 120～150 ℃ of inlet temperature, air outlet temperature is to carry out spraying drying under 70～90 ℃ the condition, collect dried powder, namely obtaining viscosity-average molecular weight is 2,000,000, and purity is 94.61%～98.76% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder;
(5) ethanolic soln precipitates again
(4) step finish after, the centrifugal clear liquid second time that (3) step was collected dilutes 1～5 times, it is 10～200,000 ultra-filtration membrane with molecular weight cut-off, under 0.1～0.3MPa, carry out ultrafiltration, collect respectively for the third time ultrafiltration filtered solution and trapped fluid, in for the third time trapped fluid of collecting: massfraction is 95% volumes of aqueous ethanol ratio to be 3: 1～1.5 ratio add in the trapped fluid for the third time massfraction is 95% ethanolic soln, stirred 20～40 minutes, then under 6000～10000 rev/mins rotating speed, carry out for the third time centrifugation, collect respectively for the third time centrifugal clear liquid and centrifugation, with centrifugation for the third time, place the constant pressure and dry case, under 60～80 ℃ of temperature, carry out drying, just making viscosity-average molecular weight is 1,180,000, and purity is 95.72～98.80% Rhizoma amorphophalli glucomannan powder, and for the third time centrifugal clear liquid is mixed with ultrafiltration filtered solution for the third time and the ultrafiltration second time filtered solution of collecting in (4) step.
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| CN114751996A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-15 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of konjac glucomannan gel |
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| CN109007690A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-18 | 中山市智联企业孵化器发展有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of konjaku powder |
| CN111303311A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-19 | 吉林大学 | Separation and purification method of konjac glucomannan |
| CN114751996A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-15 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of konjac glucomannan gel |
| CN114751996B (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-02-14 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of konjac glucomannan gel |
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