CN103283501A - Method for improving top inserting grafting survival rate of watermelons - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the grafting survival rate of watermelons in a top inserting mode, and belongs to the field of biotechnology. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of the watermelons in a top inserting mode is characterized in that (1) the section of a wound of each scion is cut into a 7-10mm wedge shape, and the contacted surface of the scions and stocks can be increased; (2) water drops on leaves, leaf axil, petioles and stems are wiped off before a grafting operation; (3) father and mother seedlings are cleaned with clear water one day before grafting; (4) the grafting seedlings are kept at the day temperature of 22-30 DEG C and the night temperature of 15-22 DEG C; (5) abamectin and hymexazol mixed liquor with an appropriate concentration is sprayed before grafting to prevent diseases and pests. The steps are added to the top inserting grafting technology of the watermelons, and the top inserting grafting survival rate of the watermelons can be effectively improved. The method for improving the top inserting grafting survival rate of the watermelons has the advantages of being simple in operation, being high in grafting survival rate of plant seedlings, and enabling seedlings to be tough rapidly, and can be widely applied to the field of production of watermelon grafting seedlings.

Description

A kind ofly improve the method that the watermelon tip cutting connects graft survival rate

Technical field

A kind ofly improve the method that the watermelon tip cutting connects graft survival rate, belong to watermelon graft technology field.

Background technology

Citrullus Curcurbitaceae annual herb plant, its fruit sweet succulence of distinguishing the flavor of contain abundant mineral salt and multivitamin, but clearing away heat and removing summer-heat is the main fruit of relieving summer heat in summer.Watermelon originates in Africa, and at the cultivation history in existing more than 2000 year of China, the cultivating watermelon area of reform and opening-up back China increases rapidly, and having become at present is the maximum in the world watermelon place of production.

Watermelon is unsuitable succession crop, the withered seedling of dying of illness of continuous cropping susceptible, and disease is multiple simultaneously, is seriously restricting the development of watermelon industry; Take watermelon graft seedling growth technology, the anti-low temperature ability of enhancing, prevention fusarium wilt and eqpidemic disease can be arranged, overcome continuous cropping obstacle, promote plant strain growth, increase output, realize the sustainable development of watermelon industry.The method of grafting is various, there is larger difference in the survival rate of grafting, produce at present to go up adopts the tip cutting connections to carry out grafting more, because it is more to influence into the factor of grafting motility rate, and the description of the prior art lacks comparatively complete systematicness, during grafting owing to exist: scion and stock affinity are not high, scion and stock seedling age and size mismatch, stock jack mode is lack of standardization, the wound tangent plane is less than normal, stock and fringe are broadcast wound surface water and dirt, warm light wet environment discomfort after the grafting, the stock rudiment is removed untimely, sick worm is controlled improper grade causes the graft survival rate in the production lower, seriously selects and has restricted applying of watermelon graft technology.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that the watermelon tip cutting connects graft survival rate that improves, so that promote the application of grafting in production, scientific research.

Technical scheme

1. one kind is improved the method that the watermelon tip cutting connects graft survival rate, comprises following sport technique segment:

(1) the high combination of the affinity of selection scion and stock;

(2) seedling age, size match, and the stock that scion is pegged graft is big slightly and scion is less than normal, and stock is sowed 3-5 days in advance prior to watermelon, and the watermelon scion is carried out when cotyledon flattens;

(3) adopt oblique cutting hole mode, degree of depth 7-10 mm, puncture in the hypocotyl stem meat to exocuticle;

(4) the wound tangent plane of scion is cut into the wedge shape of long 7-10 mm, the cotyledon that connects back scion and stock is cross.

(5) wipe the globule on blade, axil, petiole, the stem stalk away with toilet paper before the grafting operation;

(6) wash parents with clear water the previous day in grafting, foreign matters such as the dust on flush away plant stipes, the blade, dirt, chip;

(7) grafting requires 22～30 ℃ of temperature daytimes, 15～22 ℃ of evenings;

(8) keep earlier high humidity after the grafting, relative air humidity is more than 90%, after reduce humidity gradually, can carry out the normal humidity management after grafting survived about 5 days;

(9) first shading after the grafting, after gradually see light more, be principle to guarantee that seedling is not wilted, can carry out the normal illumination management after grafting survived about 5 days;

(10) strengthen diseases and pests controlling, spray the Avermectin and the mould clever mixed liquor of evil of debita spissitudo before the grafting, in time prevent and treat according to growing state again after the grafting;

(11) remove the stock rudiment early, be strictly on guard against Competition for Nutrients, in time observe after the grafting, find just removal of stock rudiment;

(12) after the interface healing, relative air humidity remains on about 65%, natural lighting, 25～30 ℃ of daytimes, about 15 ℃ of nights.

In the technique scheme, (4), (5), (6) and (10) bar initiate for us.Its effect is respectively:

1. link (4) is cut into the wedge shape of long 7-10 mm with the wound tangent plane of scion, can enlarge the contact-making surface of scion and stock, moisturizes and the conveying of nutrition, is conducive to improve survival rate.

2. wipe the globule on blade, axil, petiole, the stem stalk away with toilet paper before link (5) the grafting operation, in case moisture enters wound, form moisture film, the obstruction wound healing at the contact-making surface of stock and scion;

3. link (6) is washed parents with clear water in grafting the previous day, foreign matters such as the dust on flush away plant stipes, the blade, dirt, chip, and purpose is to prevent that foreign matter from falling into the grafting wound, forms interlayer, influences wound healing;

4. link (7) grafting requires 22～30 ℃ of temperature daytimes, is because we find can not heal at the wound of watermelon grafting below 15 ℃ 15～22 ℃ of evenings.

5. link (10) is strengthened diseases and pests controlling, sprays the Avermectin and the mould clever mixed liquor of evil of debita spissitudo before the grafting, and control Liriomyza, aphid, damping off, root rot, damping off etc. are are in time prevented and treated according to growing state after the grafting again; Spraying pesticide before grafting carries out the sick worm joint defence in seedling stage, and effect is splendid.

The reason that present watermelon graft technology fails extensively to push open mainly is exactly that melon growers fail to grasp above-mentioned key link, thus the lethality height that makes the watermelon grafting, and survival rate is low, cost Gao Qi, the enthusiasm of having dampened the melon grower.Whether simultaneously have those skilled in the art to mention above-mentioned key technology, this is the unusual part of the present invention just.

Beneficial effect

The present invention has the following advantages: 1) simple to operate, effective; 2) assurance influences the factor that the watermelon tip cutting connects grafting survival comprehensively, and the survival rate height can reach more than 99%; 3) plant strain growth is healthy and strong fast.The inventive method and result provide reliable technical scheme for the watermelon graft seedling growth.

Embodiment

Below by embodiment the present invention is further described in detail.

Method therefor is conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment.

1. enforcement material:

1. stock is selected: cucurbit; Scion is selected: watermelon productions such as glad No. 1 of early good 8424, capital with kind.

2. method: tip cutting connects.

2. implementation method:

1. the preparation of stock and scion: the cucurbit stock that selective affinity is higher and watermelon scion, rootstock seedling takes first watermelon seedling and was seeded in 3-5 days in preprepared nutritive cube or the cave dish, to when the heart is told in the flattening of rootstock seedling cotyledon, the watermelon seed of vernalization is seeded in the bed of growing seedlings, during watermelon young plant Ye Zhanping, to supply moisture in the nutritive cube of rootstock seedling or the cave dish, and the Avermectin that rootstock seedling and watermelon seedling is sprayed debita spissitudo with dislike mould clever mixed liquor, and then carry out grafting.

2. the enforcement that connects of tip cutting: during watermelon young plant Ye Zhanping, the growing point of sizeable rootstock seedling shaved remove, use bamboo let then, removing the hole of growing point by the slotting dark 7-10mm of a slice cotyledon skew back, bamboo let is not worn out epidermis, get the watermelon seedling again, 5mm place tiltedly partial application downwards (blade becomes with hypocotyl about 30 degree) under cotyledon, the back is cut second cutter with identical method at opposite side, watermelon seedling hypocotyl is whittled into wedge shape, makes wound length at 7-10mm, take out the bamboo let on the rootstock seedling then, scion is inserted the cotyledon of stock cotyledon and watermelon is " ten " font.Guarantee blade, bamboo let cleaning during grafting, stock and fringe are broadcast surface clean and are not had the globule, in case influence wound healing.

3. managing after grafting: be healing stage about 5 days after the grafting, this moment is for surviving the critical period, requires 22～30 ℃ of temperature daytimes, and in 18～22 ℃ of evenings, first high humidity is more than 90%, after reduce humidity gradually, first shading, after see light gradually.After surviving about 5 days, grafting can carry out normal temperature, humidity and illumination management.Begin timely observation after the grafting 3, remove the stock rudiment early, be strictly on guard against the disease worm, just transplant optional strong sprout when treating seedling length to 3 leaves, 1 heart.

2. treatment effect:

Selection is engaged in the producer 20 people of watermelon grafting as the tester, be divided into two groups of A, B, and A is organized the tester carry out the new method training of grafting of system by this law, carry out the grafting test then, every group of grafting 2000 strains, the situation of 20 days plant strain growths after the grafting, result show that the plant strain growth situation after the A group personnel grafting shows as survival rate height, fast growth, seedling quality excellent (table 1).

Claims (1)

1. one kind is improved the method that the watermelon tip cutting connects graft survival rate, comprises following sport technique segment:

(1) the high combination of the affinity of selection scion and stock;

(2) seedling age, size match, and the stock that scion is pegged graft is big slightly and scion is less than normal, and stock is sowed 3-5 days in advance prior to watermelon, and the watermelon scion is carried out when cotyledon flattens;

(3) adopt oblique cutting hole mode, degree of depth 7-10 mm, puncture in the hypocotyl stem meat to exocuticle;

(4) the wound tangent plane of scion is cut into the wedge shape of long 7-10 mm, the cotyledon that connects back scion and stock is cross;

(5) wipe the globule on blade, axil, petiole, the stem stalk away with toilet paper before the grafting operation;

(6) wash parents with clear water the previous day in grafting, foreign matters such as the dust on flush away plant stipes, the blade, dirt, chip;

(7) grafting requires 22～30 ℃ of temperature daytimes, 15～22 ℃ of evenings, and can not grafting below 15 ℃;

(8) keep earlier the relative air humidity of high humidity 90% or more after the grafting, after reduce humidity gradually, can carry out normal humidity after grafting survived about 5 days and manage;

(9) first shading after the grafting, after gradually see light more, be principle to guarantee that seedling is not wilted, can carry out the normal illumination management after grafting survived about 5 days;

(10) strengthen diseases and pests controlling, spray the Avermectin and the mould clever mixed liquor of evil of debita spissitudo before the grafting, in time prevent and treat according to growing state again after the grafting;

(11) remove the stock rudiment early, be strictly on guard against Competition for Nutrients, in time observe after the grafting, find just removal of stock rudiment;

(12) after the interface healing, relative air humidity remains on about 65%, natural lighting, 25～30 ℃ of daytimes, about 15 ℃ of nights.