CN103228895B - 在电的机器的支持下驱动内燃机的方法和内燃机 - Google Patents
在电的机器的支持下驱动内燃机的方法和内燃机 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
介绍一种用于驱动内燃机的方法,其中,进行测试喷射,以便在内燃机运行期间调整用于控制喷射过程的喷射参数。为此,在测试喷射期间,采用与通过测试喷射产生的正的扭矩脉冲同步的方式,由与内燃机耦连的电的机器产生负的扭矩脉冲,该扭矩脉冲反作用于通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲。通过这种方式避免了因测试喷射所产生的转速波动。还将介绍这种内燃机。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在电的机器的支持下驱动设置有至少一个喷射器的内燃机的方法,其中,进行测试喷射,以便在内燃机运行期间调整用于控制喷射过程的喷射器参数。本发明还涉及一种内燃机,其带有至少一个喷射器、控制单元和支持内燃机的电的机器。本发明特别地涉及柴油发动机或贫油运行的汽油发动机。
背景技术
内燃机的喷射器具有误差,这些误差会在喷射的燃油量方面导致并非所愿的不精确,进而会引起内燃机排放物品质的恶化。这可以在内燃机运行期间通过调整喷射器特性来予以防止。已知的是,针对汽油和柴油发动机,在发动机运行期间对喷射器的特性进行调整,以便补偿生产误差和在运行期间出现的变化。然后,经调整的喷射器特性用于对喷射器进行后续控制,从而能喷射准确的燃油量。因而,通过对整个喷射器特性的精确调整,甚至可以将在其寿命期间误差漂移程度高的喷射器用于甚至满足将来严格的排放要求。
为了对喷射器特性进行这种调整,在燃油阻断阶段期间进行测试喷射,其中,针对喷射器之一实行周期性的喷射脉冲,以便例如在到达相应气缸的每第二个上止点时(本企业内部的现有技术)喷射少量燃油。在这些测试喷射期间,借助于曲轴位置传感器来观察内燃机的转速情况。根据转速情况来估计所产生的发动机扭矩,并计算相应的要喷射的燃油量。针对每个气缸都重复地执行该过程,由此可以在内燃机运行期间针对每个气缸调整喷射器参数。然而,按照这种调整方法,内燃机会出现有干扰作用的转速波动。因此,该方法只能有限地应用,特别是仅结合以少量燃油且仅结合以一定的驱动状况应用。此外,为了根据求得的转速来估计所产生的扭矩,需要大量的校准劳动。
由DE 103 05 523 A1已知一种具有权利要求1的前序部分的特征的方法。
由EP 0 899 151 A2已知,通过富油再次建立NOx吸附装置的功能能力,由此产生的扭矩脉冲借助于电动机的可再次产生的制动力来补偿。
由DE 10 2006 013 295 A1已知,利用电动机来补偿由于运行方式之间的切换引起的内燃机扭矩变化。
在DE 197 51 100 A1中记载到,基于由扭矩/发动机电流-特性曲线决定装置确定的值,通过对电动机电流的改变来抑制内燃机的扭矩波动。
但采用已知的调整方法只能在喷射量很小时调整喷射器特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提出开头部分所述的方法,借此可以实现内燃机的特别良好的运行特性,且能实现以特别精确的方式调整喷射器特性。根据本发明,就所述方法而言,采用权利要求1的特征部分的特征来实现所述目的。
因此,根据本发明,由所进行的测试喷射引起的扭矩波动采用如下方式得以消除或补偿:由与内燃机耦连的电的机器产生扭矩脉冲,其反作用于进而补偿通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲。这种电的机器例如可以是混合动力机动车中的与内燃机并行地布置的电动机,但例如传统的内燃机也可以是通常的发电机或起动器-发电机。这种电的机器因此可以给内燃机的输出轴附加地提供扭矩,或者从这种输出轴上获取扭矩。从电的机器相应地获取扭矩,或者通过电的机器相应地提供扭矩,这在此称为“由电的机器产生扭矩”,这根据本发明经过适当控制,从而采用与通过测试喷射产生的正的扭矩脉冲同步的方式由电的机器产生负的能引起所希望的补偿的扭矩脉冲。
因此,本发明规定了一种在电的机器的支持下调整喷射器特性的方法。
通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲可以作为由发动机控制器预定的值输送给电的机器的控制器。然而,通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲,也可以第一次求得,并被输送给发动机控制器,然后被输送给电的机器的控制器。电的机器例如可以具有自己的控制器机构,于是,这些控制器机构根据所输送的与测试喷射的扭矩脉冲相应的值,相应地控制由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲(幅度和/或脉冲持续时间)。
由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲的幅度和/或持续时间优选可以随时间予以调整。由电的机器产生的经调整的扭矩脉冲的幅度和/或持续时间于是尤其可以用作通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲的量度,并用于计算要喷射的燃油量,和/或用于调整喷射参数。由此能精确地简单地求取要喷射的燃油量,或者能简单地精确地对喷射器参数进行调整。
还可以随之间调整由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲的形状。
本发明的方法可以在燃油阻断阶段期间实施。但同样有利的是,可以在内燃机的正常点火阶段期间实施所述方法,因为能以较大的燃油量进行测试喷射,这是因为按照本发明由此避免了所引起的转速波动。因而可以在内燃机的正常点火阶段期间对喷射器参数进行调整,具体为,提高气缸的所喷射的燃油量,并用电的机器的负的扭矩脉冲来补偿附加的扭矩。
按照本发明的方法的另一变型方案,通过测试脉冲产生的扭矩脉冲和由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲逐渐地提高。
因而根据本发明,电的机器包括受控制或受调节的发电机在内的扭矩产生用于补偿通过实施测试喷射实现的转速波动或转速振荡的负效应,且在这种情况下,电的机器的这种扭矩产生特别是用于求取要喷射的燃油量。总之,由此可以采用本发明的方法来实现内燃机的改善的安静运行,因为内燃机转速的波动或振荡得到了抑制。可以通过以较大的燃油量进行的测试喷射来调整相应的喷射器参数,而不会由此对内燃机的运行特性造成负面影响。对这些参数的调整尤其也可以在内燃机的正常点火阶段期间进行。通过测试喷射产生的扭矩可以简单地求取或估计,因为为此不再需要内燃机的转速动作。总之,可以实现特别精确地调整喷射器参数。
为了补偿通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲,优选在补偿时间点之前规定的时间控制电的机器,以便防止在实施时的延迟。通过这种方式,内燃机的控制单元(ECU)与电的机器的相应的控制机构之间的通信延迟得到了避免。尤其可以在通过测试喷射实现的扭矩产生之前一定的时间提高电的机器的扭矩给定值。
也可以随时间调节扭矩脉冲的形态,例如通过偏移来调节,以便实现最佳的同步。
本发明还涉及一种内燃机,其带有至少一个喷射器、控制单元和电的机器。根据本发明,该内燃机的特征在于,控制单元和电的机器被设计用于实施上述方法。
根据本发明的一种特殊设计,在电的机器的支持下驱动设置有至少一个喷射器的内燃机的方法具有如下步骤:
- 针对当前的运行状态计算内燃机的给定转速;
- 借助喷射器产生测试脉冲;
- 估计通过该测试脉冲产生的扭矩脉冲;
- 通过电的机器来测量算得的给定转速与内燃机的实际转速之间的偏差;
- 通过电的机器产生扭矩脉冲,用于补偿测得的偏差;
- 对通过电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲信息与所估计的扭矩脉冲信息进行比较,并求取差;和
- 利用求取的差来调整喷射器特性。
根据本发明的方法的前述特殊设计,借助喷射器产生测试脉冲。该测试脉冲导致内燃机转速相比于算得的给定转速有偏差。由于电的机器能够测量实际转速与给定转速之间的偏差,且特别是能够对这种偏差特别快速地做出反应,因为例如每一转就进行40次测量,所以,作为对该偏差的反应,电的机器能够产生扭矩脉冲,该扭矩脉冲导致对由喷射器的测试脉冲引起的内燃机转速偏差进行补偿。该扭矩脉冲的精确值可以由电的机器以很高的精确度(误差远小于1%)算得。由此通过这种方式对转速偏差进行补偿。
此外,根据本发明的方法的前述特殊设计,对由电的机器为补偿目的而产生的扭矩脉冲与通过测试脉冲产生的扭矩脉冲的由内燃机的控制单元求取的估计值进行比较,并求取两个值之间的差。两个值之间的该差准确地相应于喷射器特性的不精确。然后,利用求取的差对喷射器特性进行相应的调整。
因此,按照本发明,根据本发明的方法的前述特殊设计,电的机器按照闭环调节模式工作。内燃机的控制单元针对当前的运行状态计算内燃机的给定转速,其中,内燃机要求该给定转速,但也可以与内燃机并行地,电的机器要求该给定转速。
因此,根据本发明的方法的前述特殊设计,采用前述方式对喷射器特性进行调整,进而对所喷射的燃油量进行调整。如果内燃机具有多个喷射器,则优选针对全部喷射器在整个喷射范围内实施本发明的方法。由此可以把喷射器的误差减小至测量误差。
本发明的方法的前述特殊设计的优点在于,能够采用非常耐用的方式以良好的精确度对全部喷射器的整个特性进行调整。内燃机的转速波动以有效的方式由电的机器补偿。
根据本发明的方法的前述特殊设计的改进,由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲用于补偿内燃机的扭矩偏差。通过这种方式对内燃机进行扭矩调整。如果内燃机的扭矩模型是准确的,电的机器的形态便是负的。若内燃机的扭矩模型不准确,电的机器便提供相应的扭矩脉冲,以便补偿差。关于所需要的附加扭矩的相应信息可以用于调整内燃机的扭矩模型。本发明的根据权利要求1的方法优选在扭矩模型调整结束之后特别是对喷射器的喷射量进行调整。
本发明还涉及一种内燃机,其带有至少一个喷射器、控制单元和支持内燃机的电的机器。根据本发明,该内燃机的特征在于,控制单元和电的机器被设计用于实施本发明的方法的前述特殊设计的上述方法步骤。
附图说明
下面借助实施例结合附图详述本发明。其中:
图1为具有电的机器的内燃机的示意图;和
图2为用于执行本发明的方法的实施方式的流程图。
图3为本发明的方法的一个特殊实施例的方法步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1所示为设置有内燃机1的机动车的局部示意图。该内燃机具有进气道4以及废气道5。该内燃机设置有喷射系统,喷射系统的四个喷射器20被示意性地示出。
由内燃机1产生的扭矩经由输出轴2和变速器6输出到驱动系统(Antriebszug)7上,利用该驱动系统来驱动机动车的后轮。在输出轴2上连接着电的机器3例如起动器-发电机,该电的机器与逆变器10连接。
内燃机1还具有控制单元8(ECU),利用该控制单元来控制用于输出所希望的燃料量的喷射器20。此外,控制8与电的机器3通过引至逆变器10的总线11连接。利用转速传感器9来测量内燃机1的输出轴2的转速,并作为信号输送给控制单元8。
如上所述,进行相应的测试喷射,以便调整喷射器特性。由此产生的扭矩波动利用转速传感器9来检测,并作为信息输送给控制单元8。该控制单元根据转速情况计算或者估计所产生的发动机扭矩,并把该值提供给电的机器3的控制器,以便该电的机器产生相应的扭矩脉冲,该扭矩脉冲反作用于并补偿通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲。此外,由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲用于调整喷射器特性。
图2所示为本发明的方法的一个实施例的流程图。在步骤100中求取测试脉冲的初始值。根据步骤110,执行测试脉冲。然后在步骤120中分析转速信号。在步骤130中检查对喷射器特性的调整是否结束。如果情况如此,就采用相应的调整值(根据步骤150)。如果情况并非如此,该方法就前进到步骤140,在该步骤中进行当前补偿。然后,该方法又回到步骤110。
在图3中分各个步骤地示出本发明的方法的特殊设计。该方法的各个步骤以流程图示出。在开始之后,在211确定是否存在调整当前负载点的需要。如果情况并非如此,方法就前进到“结束”。如果存在调整需要,就在步骤212中按上述方式对内燃机进行扭矩调整。然后在步骤213中计算内燃机的给定转速。在步骤214中,内燃机和电的机器要求内燃机的给定转速。在步骤215中,内燃机产生喷射脉冲。在步骤216中,电的机器补偿内燃机的转速波动,测量所需要的扭矩值,并把该扭矩值传送给控制单元(ECU)。内燃机的控制单元(ECU)在步骤217中对电的机器的测得的扭矩与测试脉冲扭矩的所输入的估计值进行比较,并求取相应的差。然后在步骤218中,利用由步骤217的比较得到的差对喷射器特性进行调整。上述方法可以针对内燃机的每个喷射器分别单独地进行重复。
Claims (6)
1.一种在电的机器的支持下驱动设置有至少一个喷射器的内燃机的方法,其中,进行测试喷射,以便在内燃机运行期间调整用于控制喷射过程的喷射器参数,其中,在测试喷射期间,采用与通过测试喷射产生的正的扭矩脉冲同步的方式,由与内燃机耦连的电的机器产生负的扭矩脉冲,该扭矩脉冲反作用于通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲,其特征在于,由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲的幅度和/或持续时间随时间予以调整,并且由电的机器产生的经调整的扭矩脉冲的幅度和/或持续时间用作通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲的量度,并用于计算要喷射的燃油量,和/或用于调整喷射器参数,其中所述方法在内燃机的正常点火阶段期间实施。
2.如前述权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲和由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲逐渐地提高。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲作为由发动机控制器预定的值输送给电的机器的控制器。
4.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,求取通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲,并输送给发动机控制器,然后输送给电的机器的控制器。
5.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,为了补偿通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲,在补偿时间点之前规定的时间控制电的机器,以便防止在实施时的延迟。
6.一种内燃机,带有至少一个喷射器、控制单元和电的机器,其特征在于,控制单元(8)设计成使得由电的机器产生的扭矩脉冲的幅度和/或持续时间随时间予以调整,并且由电的机器产生的经调整的扭矩脉冲的幅度和/或持续时间用作通过测试喷射产生的扭矩脉冲的量度,并用于计算要喷射的燃油量,和/或用于调整喷射器参数,其中所述测试喷射在内燃机的正常点火阶段期间实施。
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