CN103204744A - Environment-friendly organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly organic-inorganic compound fertilizer. The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of solid waste organic, 30-50 parts of inorganic nitrogen phosphorus and potassium nutrient, 1-8 parts of glutathione, 1-2 parts of phosphate-solubilizing compound strain, and 5-10 parts of filler. The organic-matter containing raw material adopted by the fertilizer is from a large amount of solid waste organic from other industries, the byproduct or leftovers are used for providing abundant organic matter so as to produce the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, the waste is turned into wealth, the environmental protection is realized, the cost is saved, and the enterprise benefit is increased. The detoxication effect of the glutathione is used for producing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, so that the blank in China is filled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the organic fertilizer field, be specifically related to a kind of mixed fertilizer with the organic waste preparation.
Background technology
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is a kind of of new-type fertilizer, and it had both contained inorganic macronutrient, is rich in organic matter again, for quick promotion plant-growth, regulates soil fertility, and keeping the soil ecology balance has irreplaceable effect.The organic matter material that present most of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer manufacturer uses, major part is all from humic acids or weathered coal, mass consumption along with this Nonrenewable energy resources material, will cause the famine of resource, the operation of large quantities of large-scale organic-inorganic compound fertilizer producer also will be accelerated the consumption of resource.And use fertilizer also will cause accumulation and the enrichment of heavy metal-polluted soil in a large number, and this is totally unfavorable to plant-growth, and heavy metal is obtained enrichment by after the plant absorbing, and entering human body also can harm humans health.And heavy metal substance is stranded in the soil the plain combination of meeting and phosphorus, the phosphoric acid salt of generation insoluble, make the phosphorus element become not by the immobilization form of plant utilization, the reason of this respect causes the plain utilization ratio of every quaternary phosphonium to be had only about 20% just, has caused the serious waste of resource.
The method that solves pedo relict heavy metal problem at present both at home and abroad is to follow fertilizer to the soil application toxinicide mostly, most of detoxifying agent for plant all is the chemical industry synthetic product on the market, long-time a large amount of use can cause negative impact to plant unavoidably, feel at ease such as employed toxinicide in, China 2010 disclosed No. 200910144304.4 patents on January 20, " a kind of synergist of functional fertilizer and preparation method thereof ".And be easy to be immobilized the problem that causes utilization ratio not high for the phosphorus element, relevant scholar has also carried out relevant research both at home and abroad, comprising modified humic acid phosphate fertilizer, biologic phosphorus fertilizer, the plain activator of phosphorus etc., but this has all increased the planting cost of plant, has increased peasant's economical load.
Gsh is a kind of tripeptides of being made up of three seed amino acids, it has good chelating detoxifcation and antioxygenation, because it can help to keep normal function of immune system, at medicine and many functional foodstuffs more application is arranged at present, can delay senility, strengthening immunity, antitumor etc., and most of gsh is to be made by microbe fermentation method, do not contain chemical components, refining simple, can not cause the toxic action of accumulation property in use to plant.This product is at plant growing, and particularly report is not seen in the application on the fertiliser production as yet.
Summary of the invention
At the weak point that this area exists, the present invention proposes a kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of environmental protection.The present invention adopts the pre-treatment step of phosphorus element and organic waste, makes the phosphorus element become the part of organic framework, has namely solved the phosphorus element and easily has been immobilized the problem that causes utilization ratio not high, also turns waste into wealth, and takes full advantage of large solid organic waste; Later stage is added gsh, plays the detoxification of good chelating heavy metal.
Another object of the present invention is the method that proposes the described organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of preparation.
The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is:
A kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of environmental protection, the raw material of described fertilizer comprise the following composition of weight part:
Described solid organic waste is selected from one or more in mushroom residue, furfural dregs, plant ash, the grape dregs of rice, the chicken manure; Described inorganic npk nutrient comprises the plain and nitrogen of phosphorus, potassium nutrition, and described phosphorus element is selected from one or more in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, the triammonium phosphate; Described nitrogen, potassium nutrition are selected from one or more in urea, Repone K, the vitriolate of tartar; Described phosphorus decomposing composite bacteria be selected from bacillus megaterium, colon bacillus, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, the Pseudomonas fluorescens more than two kinds.
Solid organic waste used in the present invention derives from large by product of other industries.Wherein mushroom residue derives from the waste after mushroom is cultivated, and main what use is vegetable raw material such as crop stalk, contains abundant crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen extract, also contains mineral substance such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, and nutrition is quite abundant.The mushroom residue that the preferred stack retting of mushroom residue is crossed: mushroom residue is added water to about the 70%-80% of water retaining capacity, in a huddle, cover plastics film, after stack retting 3-4 month, spread air-dry use out.Furfural dregs also is a kind of in the biomass waste, derive from the waste after furfural is produced in the agricultural byproducts hydrolysis, contain small amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium and a large amount of organic, can improve Soil structure, increase soil granular quantity and permeability, regulate soil acidity or alkalinity, activating soil reduces the harm of heavy metal ion.Plant ash derives from the power plant of stalk as the raw material generating, produces a large amount of plant ash behind the straw burning, contains multiple mineral element, and its main effective constituent is salt of wormwood.
The organic matter material clover slag of selected use among the present invention derives from the alfalfa hay powder, and the byproduct that obtains after with water extraction compositions such as clover polysaccharide wherein dries through stack retting and to obtain, and contains more rich organic matter.The grape dregs of rice wherein derive from the tankage of winery, and the product that obtains after drying contains a large amount of organic matters and small amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium element.Chicken manure derives from the poulty house, through stack retting, become thoroughly decomposed, use after the deodorizing.
Wherein, described solid organic waste is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: mushroom residue 10-15 part, furfural dregs 10-15 part, plant ash 8-12 part, clover slag 2-8 part.
Perhaps, described solid organic waste is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: mushroom residue 10-15 part, furfural dregs 10-15 part, plant ash 8-12 part, grape dregs of rice 2-8 part.
Perhaps, described solid organic waste is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: mushroom residue 10-15 part, furfural dregs 10-15 part, plant ash 8-12 part, chicken manure 2-8 part.
Wherein, described inorganic npk nutrient is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: urea 10-15 part, monoammonium phosphate 10-15 part, vitriolate of tartar 8-12 part, Repone K 0-10 part.
Wherein, described phosphorus decomposing composite bacteria is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: bacillus megaterium 0.5-1 part, colon bacillus 0-0.5 part, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 0.5-1 part, Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.25-0.5 part.
Described bacterial classification can be available from Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center (CICC), and amplification obtains a large amount of thalline by fermentation, adopts carrier absorption back to use.Wherein bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) is for producing the special strain therefore of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer; Colon bacillus (E.coli) is efficient phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, and it can make the plain dissolving fast of phosphorus, accelerates the modification speed of phosphorus element; The effect of bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaqinosus) is that the invalid phosphorus, the potassium that transform in the soil are available phosphorus, potassium; Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.fluorescens) is the fertile special strain therefore of organophosphorus bacterium.Gsh is the tripeptides of a kind of γ of containing-amido linkage and sulfydryl, formed by L-glutamic acid, halfcystine and glycine, can help to keep normal function of immune system, and have anti-oxidant and the integration detoxification, what detoxification took place is sulfydryl on the halfcystine, can be combined with heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic.Because its spectrum detoxification, not only can be used for medicine, more can be used as functional food additives, delaying senility, obtaining application widely in the strengthening immunity, functional foodstuff such as antitumor.
Wherein, described weighting material comprises wherein one or more of wilkinite, attapulgite, diatomite.
The method for preparing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of the present invention; comprise step: solid organic waste and phosphorus element are mixed in proportion; add the phosphorus decomposing composite bacteria; the normal temperature solid fermentation; after the fermentation ends, the product that obtains is pulverized and interpolation nitrogen, potassium nutrition and weighting material, put into the tablets press granulation; the spraying gsh, packing.In the mixture stage, earlier plant ash is poured in the mixing agitator, pour the less material of density and phosphorus element again into, material lighter when preventing from stirring splashes.
Wherein, in the described normal temperature solid fermentation process, also sprinkle water and turn over throwing, keep water ratio at 30%-40%, the time of described normal temperature solid fermentation is 6-12 days.Fermentation time should be decided with season and temperature, general 6-8 days summer, general 10-12 days winter.Watering is the water ratio that will keep 30%-40%, and normally watering was regularly for example once sprinkled water in 1-2 days.The purpose of turning over throwing is to avoid the material internal temperature too high.Can turn over throwing with turnover throwing machine, also can turn over throwing by hand.
Preferably, adopt the centrifugal atomizing mode to spray gsh, it is in contact with one another with granulation fertilizer afterwards mixes, cooling can obtain the fertilizer finished product behind the coating.The gsh that the present invention uses is the microbial fermentation after product, obtains Powdered gsh through carrier absorption.The consumption of centrifugal atomizing spraying is fertilizer 1-8kg per ton, is preferably 3-6kg.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Of the present inventionly contain organic raw material; large solid organic waste from other industries; the abundant organic matter that utilizes these by products or tankage to provide is produced organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; not only turn waste into wealth; be conducive to environment protection; and saved cost, and increased the performance of enterprises, we can say that this way will become the general orientation of following organic-inorganic compound fertilizer development.Adopt the pre-treatment step of organism and phosphorus element, namely the method for solid fermentation is produced organically-modified phosphate fertilizer, adds other nutrients again and produces organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, can solve the not high problem of phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency, improves phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency more than 30%.Production technique is simple, and running cost is lower, is convenient to the scale amplification and produces; The present invention utilizes the detoxification of gsh to produce organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, has filled up domestic blank.
Compared with prior art, raw material of the present invention uses rationally, saves cost, environment-friendly high-efficiency, and production technique is simple, is beneficial to amplify to produce, and the gsh of interpolation has detoxification, strengthens the plant stress-resistance ability, improves product quality and yield.The present invention can utilize a kind of product to solve two kinds of problems, has saved cost, has alleviated peasant's economical load.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 prepares the process flow sheet of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the present invention.
Embodiment
Fundamental idea of the invention is to utilize solid waste for raw material and add gsh, in conjunction with specific production technique, produces the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer that significantly improves the plain utilization ratio of phosphorus and can detoxify.
Following examples further specify content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.Under the prerequisite that does not deviate from the present invention's spirit and essence, modification or replacement to raw material of the present invention, method, step, production technique or condition are done all belong to scope of the present invention.If do not specialize the conventional means that used technique means is well known to those skilled in the art among the embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Described organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is counted by weight, and feed composition is as follows:
Mushroom residue 15, furfural dregs 15, plant ash 8, clover slag 2, urea 15, monoammonium phosphate 15, vitriolate of tartar 10, gsh 8, bacillus megaterium 0.5, colon bacillus 0.5, gel-shaped bacillus 0.5, Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5, diatomite 10.Mushroom residue wherein is the mushroom residue of macerating, and mushroom residue is added water to 70% of water retaining capacity, and is in a huddle, covers plastics film, and stack retting 4 months is spread out air-dry.
Employed bacterial classification is all available from Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center (CICC) in the embodiment of the invention, and amplification obtains a large amount of thalline by fermentation, adopts carrier absorption back to use.Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) preserving number CICC23048 wherein; Colon bacillus (E.coli) preserving number CICC21530, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering (Bacillus mucilaqinosus) preserving number CICC21697; Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.fluorescens) preserving number CICC23251.
Production method (according to the flow process of Fig. 1):
(1) mixing of raw material and fermentation: earlier plant ash is put into, then mushroom residue, furfural dregs, clover slag and monoammonium phosphate are put into agitator, interpolation bacillus megaterium, colon bacillus, gel-shaped bacillus, Pseudomonas fluorescens stir, be stacked at solid fermentation in the factory building, spread water once in per two days, keep water ratio 35%, and use turnover throwing machine to turn over throwing, avoid the material internal temperature too high.Secondary fermentation in 10 days finishes, and obtains organically-modified phosphate fertilizer.
(2) granulation of fertilizer: the organically-modified phosphate fertilizer that will obtain is pulverized, and adds urea, vitriolate of tartar and diatomite, puts into the granulation of cylinder tablets press, obtains particulate state fertilizer.
(3) spraying of gsh and coating: particulate state fertilizer adopts the method spraying gsh of centrifugal atomizing after overcooling, gsh is that the microbial fermentation after product obtains through carrier absorption, available from Shaanxi Sen Fugaoke Industrial Co., Ltd., Powdered gsh sprays through centrifugal atomizing, and the consumption of spraying is particulate state fertilizer 5kg per ton.
Add the agent of millesimal coating anti-caking then, the agent of coating anti-caking is available from Shandong natural resources chemical industry company limited, and packing obtains qualified product.
Embodiment 2:
Described organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, Ji feed composition is as follows by weight:
Mushroom residue 15, furfural dregs 15, plant ash 8, the grape dregs of rice 2, urea 15, monoammonium phosphate 10, vitriolate of tartar 10, Repone K 5, gsh 8, bacillus megaterium 0.5, colon bacillus 0.5, gel-shaped bacillus 0.5, Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5, wilkinite 10.
Production method:
(1) mixing of raw material and fermentation: earlier plant ash is put into, then mushroom residue, furfural dregs, clover slag and monoammonium phosphate are put into agitator, interpolation bacillus megaterium, colon bacillus, gel-shaped bacillus, Pseudomonas fluorescens stir, be stacked at solid fermentation in the factory building, spread water once in per two days, keep water ratio 35%, and use turnover throwing machine to turn over throwing, avoid the material internal temperature too high.Secondary fermentation in 10 days finishes, and obtains organically-modified phosphate fertilizer.The clover slag derives from the alfalfa hay powder, with the byproduct behind the water extraction compositions such as clover polysaccharide wherein, dries through stack retting and to obtain
(2) granulation of fertilizer: the organically-modified phosphate fertilizer that will obtain is pulverized, and adds urea, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K and wilkinite and puts into the granulation of cylinder tablets press, obtains particulate state fertilizer.
(3) spraying of gsh and coating: particulate state fertilizer adopts the method spraying gsh of centrifugal atomizing after overcooling, gsh is particulate state fertilizer 3kg per ton through the consumption of centrifugal atomizing spraying.
The millesimal coating anti-caking agent that adds by weight of fertilizer then, packing obtains qualified product.
Embodiment 3
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, Ji feed composition is as follows by weight:
Mushroom residue 10, furfural dregs 10, plant ash 12, chicken manure 8, urea 15, monoammonium phosphate 10, vitriolate of tartar 5, Repone K 10, gsh 8, bacillus megaterium 1, gel-shaped bacillus 0.5, Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.5, diatomite 10.
Production method:
(1) mixing of raw material and fermentation: earlier plant ash is put into, then mushroom residue, furfural dregs, chicken manure and monoammonium phosphate are put into agitator, interpolation bacillus megaterium, gel-shaped bacillus, Pseudomonas fluorescens stir, be stacked at solid fermentation in the factory building, spread water once in per two days, keep water ratio 30%, and use turnover throwing machine to turn over throwing, avoid the material internal temperature too high.Secondary fermentation in 8 days finishes, and obtains organically-modified phosphate fertilizer.
(2) granulation of fertilizer: the organically-modified phosphate fertilizer that will obtain is pulverized, and adds urea, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K and diatomite and puts into the granulation of cylinder tablets press, obtains particulate state fertilizer.
(3) spraying of gsh and coating: particulate state fertilizer adopts the method spraying gsh of centrifugal atomizing after overcooling, gsh is particulate state fertilizer 6kg per ton through the consumption of centrifugal atomizing spraying.
The millesimal coating anti-caking agent that adds by weight of fertilizer then, packing obtains qualified product.
Embodiment 4
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, Ji feed composition is as follows by weight:
Mushroom residue 15, furfural dregs 10, plant ash 10, the grape dregs of rice 5, urea 15, monoammonium phosphate 10, vitriolate of tartar 10, Repone K 8, gsh 8, bacillus megaterium 0.5, colon bacillus 0.25, gel-shaped bacillus 1, Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.25, attapulgite 10.
Production method:
(1) mixing of raw material and fermentation: earlier plant ash is put into, then mushroom residue, furfural dregs, the grape dregs of rice and monoammonium phosphate are put into agitator, interpolation bacillus megaterium, colon bacillus, gel-shaped bacillus, Pseudomonas fluorescens stir, be stacked at solid fermentation in the factory building, per two days aprolls once, keep water ratio 40%, and use turnover throwing machine to turn over throwing, avoid the material internal temperature too high.Secondary fermentation in 10 days finishes, and obtains organically-modified phosphate fertilizer.
(2) granulation of fertilizer: the organically-modified phosphate fertilizer that will obtain is pulverized, and adds urea, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K and attapulgite and puts into the granulation of cylinder tablets press, obtains particulate state fertilizer.
(3) spraying of gsh and coating: particulate state fertilizer adopts the method spraying gsh of centrifugal atomizing after overcooling, gsh is particulate state fertilizer 4kg per ton through the consumption of centrifugal atomizing spraying.Coating anti-caking agent then, packing obtains qualified product.
Experimental example: the manurial experiment in growing vegetables field, Yantai, Shandong
Using the inorganic mixed organic manure that the embodiment of the invention 1 is produced in growing vegetables field, Yantai, is cucumber variety for the examination vegetable variety: Chang Chun Mi Ci, used every mu of fertilising 20kg 2 years.
Reference examples adopts conventional fertilizer (cattle and sheep excrement and chicken manure compost), every mu of organic fertilizer 10kg+20kg monoammonium phosphate+10kg calcium carbonate.
Compare with reference examples, the cucumber leaves of the inorganic mixed organic manure that the use embodiment of the invention 1 is produced is glossy, and disease and pest obviously reduces, and fruit-setting rate increases, and output increases by 22.5%.
Sieve after air-dry the soil behind the planting vegetable, measure the content of rapid available phosphorus (active P).Compare with reference examples, the inorganic mixed organic manure that uses the embodiment of the invention 1 to produce, available phosphorus contents is 83.6mg/Kg in the soil, available phosphorus contents is 31.3mg/Kg in the soil of Comparative Examples.As seen, the fertilizer of present embodiment has good promoter action to the effectuation of insoluble phosphorus in the soil.
The present invention and embodiment thereof more than have been described in detail in detail.But the present invention is not limited only to embodiment, and other modification and change may be apparent to those skilled in the art under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of an environmental protection is characterized in that, the raw material of described fertilizer comprises the following composition of weight part:
Described solid organic waste is selected from one or more in mushroom residue, furfural dregs, plant ash, the grape dregs of rice, the chicken manure; Described inorganic npk nutrient comprises the plain and nitrogen of phosphorus, potassium nutrition, and described phosphorus element is selected from one or more in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, the triammonium phosphate; Described nitrogen, potassium nutrition are selected from one or more in urea, Repone K, the vitriolate of tartar; Described phosphorus decomposing composite bacteria be selected from bacillus megaterium, colon bacillus, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering, the Pseudomonas fluorescens more than two kinds.
2. organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described solid organic waste is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: mushroom residue 10-15 part, furfural dregs 10-15 part, plant ash 8-12 part, clover slag 2-8 part.
3. organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described solid organic waste is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: mushroom residue 10-15 part, furfural dregs 10-15 part, plant ash 8-12 part, grape dregs of rice 2-8 part.
4. organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described solid organic waste is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: mushroom residue 10-15 part, furfural dregs 10-15 part, plant ash 8-12 part, chicken manure 2-8 part.
5. organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described inorganic npk nutrient is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: urea 10-15 part, monoammonium phosphate 10-15 part, vitriolate of tartar 8-12 part, Repone K 0-10 part.
6. organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described phosphorus decomposing composite bacteria is grouped into by the one-tenth of following weight part: bacillus megaterium 0.5-1 part, colon bacillus 0-0.5 part, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering 0.5-1 part, Pseudomonas fluorescens 0.25-0.5 part.
7. organic-inorganic compound fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described weighting material comprises wherein one or more of wilkinite, attapulgite, diatomite.
8. the method for preparing the arbitrary described organic-inorganic compound fertilizer of claim 1-7; comprise step: solid organic waste and phosphorus element are mixed in proportion; add the phosphorus decomposing composite bacteria; the normal temperature solid fermentation; after the fermentation ends, the product that obtains is pulverized and interpolation nitrogen, potassium nutrition and weighting material, put into the tablets press granulation; the spraying gsh, packing.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, in the described normal temperature solid fermentation process, also sprinkles water and turns over throwing, keeps water ratio at 30%-40%, and the time of described normal temperature solid fermentation is 6-12 days.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described methods, it is characterized in that adopt the centrifugal atomizing mode to spray gsh, the consumption of spraying is fertilizer 1-8kg per ton, is preferably 3-6kg.
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