CN103167836A - 光纤以及利用了该光纤的水中冲击波发生装置 - Google Patents

光纤以及利用了该光纤的水中冲击波发生装置 Download PDF

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CN103167836A
CN103167836A CN2011800504027A CN201180050402A CN103167836A CN 103167836 A CN103167836 A CN 103167836A CN 2011800504027 A CN2011800504027 A CN 2011800504027A CN 201180050402 A CN201180050402 A CN 201180050402A CN 103167836 A CN103167836 A CN 103167836A
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高山和喜
山本裕明
下川宏明
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Sonic Innovation Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明提供激光的聚光效率高、耐久性高的光纤以及使用该光纤的冲击波发生装置。光纤(11)用于向水中照射激光而使水中冲击波发生的水中冲击波发生装置(10)。光纤(11)构成为:具有本体部(16)和设于其前端的激光集中部(17),激光集中部(17)呈前端(18a)的直径比基端(18b)的直径小的大致圆锥台的形状,并且轴线截面的侧边对于半径方向的内角(θ)越向前越是逐渐变小。

Description

光纤以及利用了该光纤的水中冲击波发生装置
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤以及利用了该光纤的水中冲击波发生装置。更详细地说,涉及用于向水中照射脉冲激光而产生水中冲击波的光纤以及利用了该光纤的水中冲击波发生装置。
背景技术
近年来,作为对患部的非药物疗法,高频消融治疗正在广泛普及。但是,该治疗法是利用电极灼烧治疗部位,所以难以进行快速性心律失常中的深部的心律失常的治疗,此外有可能由于发生的热而使患部并发重症的血栓闭塞症的这样的问题。
此外,确立了使向水中照射脉冲激光而发生的水中冲击波集中,在局限的空间中瞬间地产生高压,破碎去除尿路、肾结石的体外碎石术(Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy(ESWL))。
本申请的申请人,如例如专利文献1所示地,成功地提供了一种将上述水中冲击波集中法小型化到能集成在导管内的大小的水中冲击波发生装置。
此外,如非专利文献1的3.6中所示地,已知将光纤的表面设为粗面,与设为镜面相比发生更强的冲击波。
现有技术文献
专利文献1:日本特开2009-61083号公报
非专利文献1:H.NOSE et al.,Effect of Optical Fiber OutputSurface on Laser Induced Shock Wave and Its Application,JapaneseJournal of Applied Physics Vol.43,No.9A,2004,pp.6145-6151
发明内容
通过研读可知,专利文献1的水中冲击波发生装置解决了能够治疗位于深部的患部的问题、以及由于在治疗部位不发生热所以不发生血栓闭塞症的问题,但耐久性低。特别地,可知会在成型等中产生的表面的微细的龟裂进水,或在照射激光时以细微的龟裂起点而产生破坏。所以,可知仅照射1次到多次的激光,就会损伤光纤的前端,并且由此发生的冲击波的强度急剧减小。所以,为了构筑更好的水中冲击波发生装置,使光纤的耐久性提高是必不可少的。
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够高效地使能量大的冲击波发生且耐久性高的水中冲击波发生装置用的光纤以及使用该光纤的冲击波发生装置。
本发明的光纤是向水中照射脉冲激光而发生水中冲击波的水中冲击波发生装置用的光纤,其特征在于被构成为:由线状的本体部和设于其前端的激光集中部构成,上述激光集中部越向前直径越小,呈以轴中心旋转的旋转体,上述激光集中部呈其前端对于上述轴成为垂直的平面部的近圆锥台,上述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边对于半径方向的内角,向前逐渐变小。
这样的光纤优选上述激光集中部的表面是镜面的那种。此外,优选:上述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由多条直线构成,上述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由曲线构成,或者上述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由直线以及曲线构成。
本发明的水中冲击波发生装置具备:本发明的光纤、在前端形成凹面的柱状的反射体、使该凹面封闭的截断膜、充填在上述凹面与截断膜之间的液体。此外,其特征在于,反射体具有:具有以长轴为旋转轴的旋转椭圆面形状的上述凹面、和形成于长轴上并使与上述凹面连通的光纤通过的中心孔,上述光纤被固定为激光集中部的前端朝来到述反射体的凹面的焦点。
本发明的光纤由线状的本体部和设于其前端的激光集中部构成,上述激光集中部越向前直径越小,呈现以轴为中心旋转的旋转体,所以能使从基端向光纤的前端照射的激光,能够高效地使更强的冲击波发生在精确位置。特别地,构成为了上述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边对于半径方向的内角向前逐渐地变小,所以根据光线追踪法能使激光集中。此外,上述激光集中部的前端呈现变为对轴垂直的平面部的近圆锥台,所以耐久性高。
在为这样的光纤且上述激光集中部的表面为镜面的情况下,能够防止表面的微细的龟裂等,能够使其耐久性提高。此外,能防止激光集中部的内面的乱反射,能够提高朝向前端集中的激光能量密度。特别地,将激光集中部设为前端收缩直径的近圆锥台,其机械性强度比圆筒状的小,但与以往的成型法相比,所发生的冲击波强,且耐久性高。
在为这样的光纤且激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由多条直线构成的情况下,激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由1或2以上的曲线构成的情况下,或上述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由1或2条以上的曲线构成的情况下,能够根据光线追踪法使激光集中,能够产生稳定的冲击波。
本发明的水中冲击波发生装置使用了本发明的光纤,所以光纤的耐久性高,作为装置整体的耐久性也高。此外,构成为激光在光纤的前端集中,所以发生的冲击波也准确地在反射体外的焦点集中,能量效率也高。此外,在距装置更远的距离中使冲击波发生。所以,能够用于更高度的治疗。
附图说明
图1(a)是表示本发明的水中冲击波发生装置的一个实施方式的截面侧视图,图1(b)是由该水中冲击波发生装置发生的冲击波的反射图。
图2(a)~(e)是示出各个本发明的光纤的激光集中部的一个实施方式的外形图。
图3(a)是示出图2(a)的激光集中部的数式的概略图,图3(b)是向图2(a)的光纤的激光集中部照射激光时的激光的集中图。
图4是示出图1(a)的反射体的截面侧视图。
图5是由水中冲击波发生装置发生的冲击波的距装置前端的距离与强度的关系的图表。
附图标记说明
10:水中冲击波发生装置;11:光纤;12:反射体;13:截断膜;14:液体;15:导管;16:本体部;17:激光集中部;17a~17e:激光集中部;17a1~17a3、17b1~17b3、17c1、17c2:侧边;18a:前端;18b:基端;22:凹面;23:中心孔。
具体实施方式
接下来使用图1说明本发明的水中冲击波发生装置。
水中冲击波发生装置10具备:光纤11、固定该光纤的反射体12、封闭该反射体12的前端的凹面开口部的截断膜13、在凹面和截断膜之间充填的液体14。该水中冲击波发生装置10是安装于导管15的前端的小型的装置。
光纤11由线状的本体部16和设于其前端的激光集中部17构成,是经脱羟基处理后的石英制的光纤。作为其本体部16的直径,使用0.1~1.0mm、0.5~0.7mm、特别是0.6mm的直径。
激光集中部17呈现朝向前直径变小、呈以本体部的轴中心旋转的旋转体、前端变为对于本体部的轴垂直的平面部18a的小的大致圆锥台的形状(参照图2)。激光集中部17的前端平面部18a的直径与基端18b的直径的比为1/1.5~1/6、优选为1/2~1/3、特别优选为1/2。
激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边对于半径方向的内角θ从基端侧向着前端侧(朝向前)逐渐变小。此外,如果考虑激光集中部的耐久性,则优选其高度比纤维的直径低。
激光集中部17的表面设为镜面,没有表面的微细的龟裂或凹凸。所以,能够防止表面性的微细的龟裂、凹凸进水,从该龟裂开始的激光集中部17的破坏。
作为激光集中部17的镜面加工的方法,使用光学透镜的制成方法。详细地说能举出使用光学透镜用的预定的道具,制备从直径24微米到直径1微米的多个研磨剂,从大直径的开始顺序地研磨,加工为镜面的方法。
作为这样的激光集中部17的大致圆锥台的形状能举出图2a~e等。
图2a的激光集中部17a的前端18a的直径Y为基端18b的直径X的约一半,激光集中部17a的轴线截面的形状呈大致梯形。该梯形的侧边由3个直线(17a1、17a2、17a3)构成,从各个基端部(本体部、图中左)侧对于梯形的底边(大致圆锥台的半径方向)的内角(θA、θB、θC)逐渐变小(θA>θB>θC)。
在图2a的激光集中部17a中,举出轴线截面形状、即梯形的侧边由3条直线构成的例子,但如果要满足下面的数式,则可以由两条直线构成,也可以由4条以上的直线构成。从基端向前端,设置各个直线对于半径方向的内角(θ1、θ2、…θn-1、θn)。
(数1)
0.4<tan(2θn-1/2π)/tanθn<0.5
n-1/2π<θn+1<θn,n=1,2,3…
其中,1/4π<θn<1/2π
通过这样设定,如图3a所示,在相对于半径方向的内角为θn的直线C的内面反射后的激光,必然通过由该直线的基端、前端形成的面A、面B之间的平坦面D。所以,能够高效地将激光进行聚光,能使更强的冲击波发生。此外,如果考虑激光集中部的耐久性,则优选大致圆锥台的高度比纤维的直径低。
图2b的激光集中部17b中,前端18a的直径Y对于基端18b的直径X是约1/6,轴线截面的梯形的侧边由3条直线(17b1、17b2、17b3)构成。此外,将该激光集中部17b的高度(A’+B’+C’)设为与基端18b的直径X相同。构成为从各个基端部(本体部、图中左)侧开始,对于梯形的底边(大致圆锥台的半径方向)的内角(θA、θB、θC)逐渐变小(θA>θB>θC),以使全部的激光反射光通过前端18a的平坦面的方式进行设定。
图2c的激光集中部17c中,前端18a的直径Y是基端18b的直径X的约1/3。轴线截面的梯形的侧边由2条直线(17c1、17c2)构成,从各个基端部(本体部、图中左)侧开始对于梯形的底边(大致圆锥台的半径方向)的内角(θA、θB)越向前,越是逐渐变小(θA>θB)。
在该实施方式中,将直线17c1的内角θA设定为临界角附近。也即,设水的折射率为1.329、光纤的折射率为1.435时,根据临界角的定义(临界角θc=arcsin(n2/n1),n1:光纤的折射率,n2:水的折射率),在理论上通过直线17c1而透过到水中的激光消失的临界角度是67.84度。进而,如果考虑激光集中部的耐久性,则优选大致圆锥台比纤维的直径低,在这种情况下,变为76.8度以下。因此,67.84度<θA<76.8度。
图2d的激光集中部17d的前端18a的直径Y对于基端18b的直径X约为一半。轴线截面的梯形的侧边17d1由向外凸出的弯曲线构成。另一方面,侧边17d1也可以由两条以上的弯曲线构成。
图2e的激光集中部17e的前端18a的直径Y为基端18b的直径X的一半。轴线截面的梯形的侧边由一条直线17e1和一条弯曲线17e2构成。
图2a~e的激光集中部17a~e,如果呈激光集中部的前端18a比基端18b小的大致圆锥台形状,且激光集中部17的轴线截面形状的侧边对于半径方向的内角向前连续或者不连续地逐渐地变小,则能够得到聚光效率的提高、以及光纤的激光集中部17的耐久性的提高这样的本发明的效果。
这样构成了光纤11,则例如图3b所示地,如果向图2a的激光集中部17a照射激光R,则根据光线追踪法,激光集中。
反射体12,如图4所示,是具备具有设为长轴旋转轴的旋转椭圆面形状的凹面22、形成于反射体的轴中心并通过与凹面22连通的光纤11的中心孔23的圆柱状的部分。作为凹面22的短径(开口部直径Z),优选为2.0~2.5mm,特别优选为2.3mm。长径能够根据患部的深度而决定,但长短径比优选为1.2~1.6,特别优选为1.4~1.45。
图1的截断膜13是塑料制的薄膜,能使用具有弹性的材料。作为这样的材质,能举出聚乙烯等。
作为液体14,能举出水、食盐水等。
导管15是具有可挠性的材料,能使用聚氨酯、聚酰胺、与它们类似的弹性体、硅橡胶等合成树脂制。
本发明的水中冲击波发生装置10中,通过反射体12的中心孔23而固定光纤11,以使光纤11的激光集中部17的前端18a位于反射体12的凹面22一个焦点F1(参照图1b)。由此,经由光纤11而照射的激光在反射体的凹面22的焦点F1发生冲击波。发生的冲击波从该焦点向360度扩散,但向反射体12的凹面反射,并向着反射体12之外的第2焦点F2而进行集中。这样,本发明的水中冲击波装置10,能够使冲击波集中到从前端开始的某一定距离。例如,能够使快速性心律失常中的深部的心律失常治疗准确且安全地进行。特别地,光纤11的激光集中部17,多次使用也不发生损伤而耐久性高,以小能量发生大的冲击波。
作为使用于本发明的水中冲击波发生装置的激光,使用脉冲宽度为50~120纳秒、优选为70~100纳秒、特别优选为70纳秒、能量为每1脉冲30mJ~50mJ的激光。作为这样的激光,优选为带Q开关的Ho:YAG激光。
实施例
如下地加工接下来的光纤的前端。
[实施例1]
制作基端18b的直径X为0.6mm、前端18a的直径Y为0.344mm、构成截面形状的侧边的3条直线(17a1、17a2、17a3)的角度(θA、θB、θC)为78.9度、73.4度、65.6度、高度(A’、B’、C’)为0.175mm、0.186mm、0.072mm的图2a的激光集中部17a(实施例1)。
将该激光集中部17a的表面,用使用于光学透镜的制成方法的道具,从粗的研磨剂(熔融氧化铝(24微米、16微米、10微米)、二氧化铈(1微米))开始顺序研磨,而制成镜面。
[实施例2]
制作基端18b的直径X为0.6mm、前端18a的直径Y为0.106mm、构成截面形状的侧边的三条的直线(17b1、17b2、17b3)的角度(θA、θB、θC)为70度、61度、55度、高度(A’、B’、C’)为0.457mm、0.060mm、0.083mm的图2b的激光集中部17b(实施例2)。
[实施例3]
制作基端18b的直径X为0.6mm、前端18a的直径Y为0.148mm、构成截面形状的侧边的两条直线(17c1、17c2)的角度(θA、θB)为69度、60度、高度(A’、B’)为0.213mm、0.242mm的图2c的激光集中部17c(实施例3)。
[实施例4]
准备具有实施例1的激光集中部17a的光纤11、和具有短径4mm的半截椭圆体形状的凹面(反射镜)的反射体12。在该反射体12的凹面22装满纯净水(液体14),以厚度0.1mm的硅橡胶制的截断膜13密封该反射体的开口端,制作水中冲击波发生装置10(实施例4)。光纤的激光集中部17a以其前端位于反射体的第1焦点(图1b的F1)的方式进行固定。
[比较例1]
准备具有进行劈开处理后的圆筒状的前端的通常的光纤,用实施例1的反射体12、截断膜13、液体14制造水中冲击波发生装置(比较例1)。光纤的前端固定于反射体的第1焦点。
[比较例2]
准备具有基端的直径为0.6mm、前端的直径Y为0.35mm、高度Z为0.43mm的旋转圆锥台的激光集中部的光纤。激光集中部的表面用4000号的砂纸处理(粗面)。以实施例1的反射体12、截断膜13、液体14制造水中冲击波发生装置(比较例2)。光纤的激光集中部的前端以配置到反射体的第1焦点的方式进行固定。
[比较例3]
制备具有作为基端的直径为0.6mm、作为截面形状的侧面向着前端而弯曲,前端变为曲面的整体而变为非球形状(弹丸形状)的激光集中部的光纤。激光集中部的表面以4000号的砂纸处理(粗面)。用实施例1的反射体12、截断膜13、液体14制造水中冲击波发生装置(比较例3)。光纤的激光集中部的前端以配置于反射体的第1焦点的方式进行固定。
向实施例4以及比较例1、2、3的水中冲击波发生装置照射Ho:YAG激光(振荡周期3Hz、激光出射端中的能量为35mJ/pulse),使冲击波发生。图5示出对于与装置的前端的距离的冲击波最大过剩压的变化。
如图5所示,在使用实施例4时能够确认55~65MPa的冲击波(集中波)。
另一方面,在使用比较例1时只能确认15MPa前后的冲击波(集中波)。在使用比较例2、3时,也只能确认35~45MPa前后的冲击波。
此外,在实施例4中,相对于与装置的前端的距离在2mm以上时观测到了最大值,而在比较例1~3中,在与装置的前端的距离在2mm前时观测到了最大值。
此外,光纤的耐久性,在比较例2中以300秒的连续照射而损伤激光集中部,在比较例3中以5秒的连续照射而损伤激光集中部。在实施例4中,在激光能量为45mJ/pulse时,反复5秒连续照射80次,也未能确认到损伤。

Claims (6)

1.一种向水中照射激光而使水中冲击波发生的水中冲击波发生装置用的光纤,其特征在于,
由线状的本体部和设于该本体部的前端的激光集中部构成,
所述激光集中部越向前直径变得越小,呈以轴为中心旋转的旋转体,
所述激光集中部呈其前端为对于所述轴垂直的平面部的大致圆锥台,
所述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边对于半径方向的内角构成为越向前越逐渐地变小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,所述激光集中部的表面为镜面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,所述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由多条直线构成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,所述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由曲线构成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,所述激光集中部的轴线截面的侧边由直线以及曲线构成。
6.一种水中冲击波发生装置,其特征在于,
具有:权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的光纤、在前端形成凹面的柱状的反射体、封闭该凹面的截断膜、和在所述凹面和截断膜之间充填的液体,
所述反射体具备具有以长轴为旋转轴的旋转椭圆面形状的所述凹面、和形成在长轴上并通过与所述凹面连通的光纤的中心孔,
所述光纤固定为激光集中部的前端来到所述反射体的凹面的焦点。
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