GB2291214A - Light delivery using fibre optics with ellipsoidal contact probe - Google Patents

Light delivery using fibre optics with ellipsoidal contact probe Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2291214A
GB2291214A GB9512993A GB9512993A GB2291214A GB 2291214 A GB2291214 A GB 2291214A GB 9512993 A GB9512993 A GB 9512993A GB 9512993 A GB9512993 A GB 9512993A GB 2291214 A GB2291214 A GB 2291214A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
probe
light
ellipsoidal
contact probe
fibre
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9512993A
Other versions
GB9512993D0 (en
Inventor
Ronald James Burston
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MEDICAL LIGHT TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
Elcomatic Ltd
Original Assignee
MEDICAL LIGHT TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
Elcomatic Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB9412770A external-priority patent/GB9412770D0/en
Application filed by MEDICAL LIGHT TECHNOLOGIES Ltd, Elcomatic Ltd filed Critical MEDICAL LIGHT TECHNOLOGIES Ltd
Priority to GB9512993A priority Critical patent/GB2291214A/en
Publication of GB9512993D0 publication Critical patent/GB9512993D0/en
Publication of GB2291214A publication Critical patent/GB2291214A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
    • B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00491—Surgical glue applicators
    • A61B2017/00513—Tissue soldering
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00491—Surgical glue applicators
    • A61B2017/00513—Tissue soldering
    • A61B2017/00517—Tissue soldering using laser
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
    • A61B2018/00601—Cutting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/20—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser
    • A61B18/22—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using laser the beam being directed along or through a flexible conduit, e.g. an optical fibre; Couplings or hand-pieces therefor
    • A61B2018/2255—Optical elements at the distal end of probe tips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/3616—Holders, macro size fixtures for mechanically holding or positioning fibres, e.g. on an optical bench
    • G02B6/3624—Fibre head, e.g. fibre probe termination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/38—Mechanical coupling means having fibre to fibre mating means
    • G02B6/3807—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs
    • G02B6/381—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres
    • G02B6/3814—Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres with cooling or heat dissipation means

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Fibre optic light delivery apparatus has an optical fibre 1 connected at one end to a laser or incoherent light source and at its other end to a contact probe 4 of light transmitting material shaped in the form of an ellipsoidal of revolution. The apparatus may be used in surgery of for soldering or cutting. <IMAGE>

Description

APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS RELATING TO LIGHT DELIVERY USING FIBRE OPTICS The present invention relates to a fibre optic light delivery apparatus and medical instrument utilising same.
Contact surgery utilising light energy provided by lasers is now an important treatment modality for various medical disciplines. Two methods of delivering light energy to treat tissue via shaped tips are prevalent. Sapphire or quartz contact probes having conical form to focus the light energy to the tissue is one well known technique. Embodiments of this nature are discussed in US Patent Application No 4,693,244.
The other method is to use an optical fibre having the distal end ground or thermally formed to the shape of a cone to achieve the focusing of the light. This method is further discussed in International Patent Application W09106251.
Both of these methods have disadvantages.
Conical probes interfaced between the end of an optical fibre and the tissue to be treated require higher optical powers to perform the same procedure as conically shaped fibres. This is due to the decrease in power density of the light focused into the conical probes. Furthermore, conical probes have a large diameter compared to the optical fibre and this results in the focused light energy emerging from a larger surface area for similar cone tapers.
Shaped optical fibres having conical distal ends for performing contact surgical procedures suffer from thermal embrittlement during use and or manufacture.
The tips therefore have the potential of breaking in use, if extreme care is not exercised. Similarly, during use, the conical ends of these fibres deform and quartz or silica debris can be deposited at the treatment site. The fibres of this type are, by nature, small and unprotected, and will often not survive clinical procedures wherein the use of high energy levels are required.
An object of the present invention is to provide a means for fibre optic light delivery and an instrument for utilising same which mitigates the problems associated with using conical probes and shaped or unshaped optical fibres currently known for cutting, ablating and coagulating tissue.
According to the present invention, there is provided apparatus for delivering light energy, comprising an optical fibre connected optically toward a first of its ends to a laser or incoherent light source for emitting light energy, and connected in axial alignment towards its other or distal end to a contact probe of light transmitting material, the contact probe having at least part of its surface in the geometrical form of an ellipsoidal of revolution such that, in use, a cone of light emitted from the fibre is focused at or close to the secondary focus of the ellipsoidal of revolution.
Preferably, the contact probe is truncated at its light receiving end and is optionally roughened, sharpened or conically shaped at its light delivering end.
Preferably, the contact probe is intended to be used in contact with human or animal tissue requiring to be irradiated by light beam.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of examples, reference being made to the figures of the accompanying drawing in which: Fig. 1 illustrates a cross section of a surgical handpiece with a contact probe; Fig. 2 shows the power density graphs for a typical optical fibre and contact probe distal end; Fig. 3A shows a sectional elevation of an alternative embodiment of the invention; Fig. 3B shows a sectional plan of the alternative embodiment; Fig. 4 shows a schematic elevation of a further embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5A shows a sectional elevation of a further embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 5B shows a sectional plan of the alternative embodiment.
Referring firstly to Fig. 1, an optical fibre 1 is located in a handpiece 2 via the central bore 3 of the handpiece 2. A contact probe 4 is affixed to the collar 5 by swaging means and collar 5 has an internal thread 6 enabling the collar/probe assembly to be removably screwed onto the outside thread provided at the distal end of the handpiece 2.
The optical fibre 1 is optically coupled to a laser or short arc lamp light source (not shown) by means known per se. Light energy delivered by the optical fibre 1 enters the optically transmitting contact probe 4 via the end face 7. The light energy is internally reflected from the ellipsoidal of revolution surface formed on the distal end 8 of probe 4 and focused to the secondary focal point 13 of the ellipsoidal surface as shown. The light energy then emerges from the probe or is directly absorbed by tissue in contact with the probe at the distal end 8. The distal end 9 of optical fibre 1 is located forward of the primary focal point of the ellipsoidal surface to compensate for refraction at the air to glass interface in the embodiment shown.
Cooling liquid or gas may be fed through the entrance hole 10 to dissipate heat (generated due to the Fresnel reflection losses at the interface between the optical fibre and the probe 4) and exit via hole 11.
End face 7 of the probe 4 may be convex or concave for applications where it is desirable to decrease or increase the input angle of the light energy prior to focusing by the ellipsoidal profile of probe 4.
The probe 4 is preferably manufactured from a material capable of transmitting the wavelengths of light generated by the laser or arc lamp source utilised.
This material must also be capable of working at the temperature experienced at the probe/tissue interface.
Quartz and silica glasses have a melting point of approximately 16000C and provide low cost product.
High temperature optically transmitting materials such as synthetic sapphire (M.P.20000C) or zirconia (M.P.
27000C) can be used depending on the application.
The optical fibre 1 may have a small diameter and be capable of delivering large optical powers. Further focusing by the probe 4 can deliver high power densities to tissue.
For example in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 the optical fibre 1 is 0.6mm diameter. The probe 4 has a diameter of 3mm and the major semi elliptical axis a is 10.llmm in length.
The distance m is Va2 - b2, where b is d/2 = 1.5mm and m is the distance from the vertical centre line of the ellipsoidal of revolution to the primary and secondary focal points of the ellipsoid.
For this case m = 210.112 - 1.52 = lOmm. The geometry of the profile can be easily obtained from the equation x2 + V2 a2 b2 (Shallow ellipsoids (a b) are ideal for this application since the secondary focal point 13 lies very close to the distal end of the probe, permitting a high proportion of the light entering the probe to be focused and directed through the distal end of the probe.) The high refractive index of these materials also permits high focused energy densities to be achieved, since for a given input cone angle the image size is decreased as the refractive index is increased.
The probe 4 may be machined from synthetic sapphire having a refractive index of 1.76.
The light exits the distal face with a F angle of 100 (N.A. = 0.17). With the dimension x equalling 3.Omm, a simple calculation yields d = 8.9mm.
By means of the invention described a reduced image of the fibre distal end 9 is formed at the secondary focal point 13, which is in close proximity to the exit surface 8. In this embodiment the power density at the secondary focal point 13 of the ellipsoidal of revolution is much greater than that at the distal end 9 of the fibre 1.
Fig. 2 shows a typical Power Density relationship curve for the fibre distal tip and the focused radiation at the secondary focal point 13, assuming the output power from the fibre has a "top hat" distribution. The increased power density impinging on the tip 8 of the probe hence permits ablation of tissue at relatively low optical powers delivered by the fibre 1 compared to conical probes.
The tip 8 of the probe may be roughened to allow carbonised tissue to adhere to the end of the probe during use and thus enhance the cutting capability of the probe by converting some of the light energy into thermal energy. The tip 8 may be shaped to a knife edge to cut tissue with mechanical assistance. The tip 8 may also be shaped conically to provide improved visualisation of the treatment site. The input face 7 and ellipsoidal profile of probe 4 are optically polished to ensure minimal optical losses.
Figs. 3A and 3B illustrate an alternative embodiment of the probe, wherein the contact probe 22 has a flat ellipsoidal profile 25 and flat parallel sides 26. The light energy provided by optical fibre 20 is focused to the secondary elliptical focus 23 by reflections from the flat surfaces of the probe. The tip 24 of the probe 22 is bevelled to a sharp edge to permit mechanical assistance when cutting tissue. The input face 24 and the flat surfaces of the probe are optically polished to ensure minimal optical losses.
The cavity 27 in handpiece 21 may be filled with an index matching fluid to reduce optical losses and hence reduce the heat generated at the interface between the fibre 20 and probe input face 24.
Fig. 4 shows schematically a yet further embodiment of the contact probe. In this embodiment the probe 30 is hollow having an internal profile of ellipsoidal form over the area which reflects light energy provided by optical fibre 31. In this embodiment the end face 32 of optical fibre 31 is positioned at the primary focal point of the ellipsoidal of revolution and the light is focused to the secondary focal point 33. A suitable fluid such as air may be directed through the probe to maintain the cleanliness of the reflecting surface and/or to clear the treatment site during irradiation of tissue. The probe 30 is preferably electroformed from a polished master. Nickel or silver provide excellent reflecting surfaces.
Figs. 5A and 5B show schematically a yet further embodiment of a probe in accordance with the invention.
In this embodiment, the probe 40 is hollow, having an internal profile of ellipsoidal form over the area which reflects light energy provided by optical fibre 41 as previously described for Fig. 4.
A thin metal scalpel blade 42 is located in a slot in probe 40 such that the cutting edge of scalpel blade 42 is close to or co-incident with the secondary focal point of the ellipsoidal probe 40. Mechanical incisions can therefore be performed using this embodiment and light energy provided to assist the cutting process and provide coagulation.
It is recognised herein that while the invention finds a particular application in medicine and surgical treatment, it may also be used for industrial applications such as soldering or cutting. Other modifications and improvements may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

Claims:
1. Apparatus for the delivery light energy, comprising an optical fibre connected optically toward a first of its ends to a laser or incoherent light source for emitting light energy, and connected in axial alignment towards its other distal end to a contact probe of light transmitting material, the contact probe having at least part of its surface in the geometrical form of an ellipsoidal of revolution such that, in use, a cone of light emitted from the fibre is focused at or close to the secondary focus of the ellipsoidal of revolution.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the contact probe is truncated at its light receiving end and is optionally roughened, sharpened or conically shaped at its light delivering end.
3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, for use by contact with human or animal tissue requiring to be irradiated by light beam.
4. Apparatus substantially as described or illustrated herein.
GB9512993A 1994-06-24 1995-06-26 Light delivery using fibre optics with ellipsoidal contact probe Withdrawn GB2291214A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9512993A GB2291214A (en) 1994-06-24 1995-06-26 Light delivery using fibre optics with ellipsoidal contact probe

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9412770A GB9412770D0 (en) 1994-06-24 1994-06-24 Apparatus and instruments relating to light delivery using fibre optics
GB9512993A GB2291214A (en) 1994-06-24 1995-06-26 Light delivery using fibre optics with ellipsoidal contact probe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9512993D0 GB9512993D0 (en) 1995-08-30
GB2291214A true GB2291214A (en) 1996-01-17

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GB9512993A Withdrawn GB2291214A (en) 1994-06-24 1995-06-26 Light delivery using fibre optics with ellipsoidal contact probe

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2630918A1 (en) * 2010-10-19 2013-08-28 Tohoku University Optical fiber and underwater shockwave generating device employing same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1017354A (en) * 1963-04-27 1966-01-19 Contina Bureauxi Und Rechenmas Improvements relating to optical coupling systems
US5093877A (en) * 1990-10-30 1992-03-03 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems Optical fiber lasing apparatus lens

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1017354A (en) * 1963-04-27 1966-01-19 Contina Bureauxi Und Rechenmas Improvements relating to optical coupling systems
US5093877A (en) * 1990-10-30 1992-03-03 Advanced Cardiovascular Systems Optical fiber lasing apparatus lens

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2630918A1 (en) * 2010-10-19 2013-08-28 Tohoku University Optical fiber and underwater shockwave generating device employing same
EP2630918A4 (en) * 2010-10-19 2014-06-25 Univ Tohoku Optical fiber and underwater shockwave generating device employing same
US9433466B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2016-09-06 Tohoku University Optical fiber and an underwater shockwave generating device employing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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