CN103161415B - 负压钻进系统 - Google Patents
负压钻进系统 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103161415B CN103161415B CN201210462140.1A CN201210462140A CN103161415B CN 103161415 B CN103161415 B CN 103161415B CN 201210462140 A CN201210462140 A CN 201210462140A CN 103161415 B CN103161415 B CN 103161415B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- drilling rod
- wind chamber
- dust
- drilling
- negative pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000737 periodic Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及一种负压钻进系统，包括带有中空内腔的钻杆，钻头，液压钻机及支架，在钻杆侧壁上开有抽气口，钻杆后端通过抽尘管路与抽风箱连接，抽风箱通过抽风管与抽风机构连接。本发明的吸风钻的钻杆侧壁的抽气口承担了大部分的尘埃排放任务，使抽风排尘效果大为改善。翼板可以将大块煤矿打碎并导流进入抽气口内，使抽尘流量更加顺畅，提高了排尘功效。抽风箱可以将尘埃过滤，避免尘埃直接进入抽风机构，积累的尘埃可以定期排放掉。本发明结构简单合理，容易加工制造，可行性强，排尘效果好，使工作环境无粉尘的产生，确保工人身体健康，非常利于推广实施。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种煤矿开采用的辅助工具，特别是涉及一种煤矿专用吸风钻。
背景技术
[0002]由于瓦斯威胁煤炭开采的安全，煤矿井下巷道壁面抽排煤层中的瓦斯成为煤炭开采前的一道重要环节。对一些松软煤层，只能干法钻孔，采用压缩空气吹尘工艺，使钻孔时产生的煤粉和压缩空气一道沿钻杆和孔壁之间的间隙喷出。吹尘工艺采用的压缩空气具有很大冲击能量(冲击力太小起不到吹尘效果)，形成的气流冲击力强，带尘量高达3000mg /m3，导致工作面的环境十分恶劣，严重威胁作业人员的身体健康。因煤矿管理不严和矿工图省事，经常不带佩戴防尘面罩，对工人身体健康造成严重侵害，很多煤矿工人因此得了尘肺病。同时，喷出气流瓦斯浓度高，遇到高温、静电、明火等条件有煤尘爆炸的危险。因高安全生产需要，吹尘产生的巨大粉尘量必须降尘处理，而降尘时禁止风机抽气，降尘方法受到限制造成降尘效果欠佳的问题。为了改善干法钻孔中的严重环境污染问题，目前的做法是在干法钻孔的孔口设置钻杆套管的孔口集尘器，小套管深入煤层，大套管贴近巷道壁面，压缩空气的吹尘沿滑钻杆和小套管之间的间隙喷出进入大套管，在大套管内喷雾降尘，除尘效率在50%〜60%之间，虽然降尘效果明显，但难以达到上作环境卫生标准。针对吹气法钻孔存在的诸多问题，申请号为公开了一种抽风钻，该抽风钻欲达到吸风抽尘的目的，然而该申请存在较多问题而无法应用实施，其问题之一是:该钻杆与驱动部分为一体，而实际使用时钻杆需要不断向前自动行进，煤矿开采领域中的钻孔深大数十米甚至上百米，钻杆需要不断补充延长才能继续向前深入，该申请中必须依靠人力推动整个驱动箱与钻杆一起前行，不利于钻杆更换，工作时需要反复推移钻杆驱动箱，可行性很差。其问题之二是:由于钻头在钻动过程会将粉尘颗粒向后推移，而抽风的力度不同于吹风，该申请在实施时抽风仅限于钻头前方的粉尘颗粒，钻杆侧壁存在更多的粉尘颗粒无法抽走，导致钻取工作经常被中断，无法有效实施，以至于发明人提出了新的改进方案。
发明内容
[0003] 为克服现有技术存在的问题和不足，本发明提供一种可以有效实施于煤矿领域的负压钻进系统。
[0004] 技术方案:一种负压钻进系统，包括带有中空内腔的钻杆，钻头，液压钻机及支架，钻杆横卧安装在支架上并与液压钻机传动连接，在钻头后侧的钻杆侧壁上开有抽气口，钻杆后端通过旋转连接装置与抽尘管路连接，抽尘管路与一个抽风箱上端的进风口连接，抽风箱上端同时设置有出风口，出风口通过抽风管与抽风机构连接。
[0005] 在钻头与抽风口之间的一段钻杆侧壁上，还设置有翼板。所述翼板起到打碎较大煤块和导流作用，以便抽风口起到最佳抽粉尘的效果。
[0006] 所述抽风箱内上侧设置有隔板，隔板将抽风箱分为颗粒沉积室和气流室，抽风箱的进风口位于颗粒沉积室上方，抽风箱的出风口位于气流室上方，在所述颗粒沉积室的下方设置有排灰通道。
[0007] 抽风箱的出风口上还安装有滤网，或者在抽气机构的出口套装有滤袋，滤袋上设置有透气微孔。
[0008] 本发明的有益效果:
[0009] 本发明的吸风钻，不仅可以通过钻头前方的中心孔进行抽风，还可以通过钻杆侧壁的抽气口进行抽风，钻杆侧壁的抽气口承担了大部分的尘埃排放任务，使抽风排尘效果大为改善。同时在抽风口前端设置了翼板，翼板可以将大块煤矿打碎并导流进入抽气口内，从而防止大块煤块可能堵塞钻孔内腔的问题，而且使抽尘流量更加顺畅，提高了排尘功效。本发明还设置了抽风箱，可以将尘埃过滤，避免尘埃直接进入抽风机构，积累的尘埃可以定期排放掉。本发明结构简单合理，容易加工制造，可行性强，排尘效果好，使工作环境无粉尘的产生，确保工人身体健康，非常利于推广实施。
附图说明
[0010] 图1是本发明负压钻进系统的结构示意图。
[0011] 图中标号1为钻头，2为翼板，3为抽气口，4为钻杆，5为液压钻机及支架，6为旋转连接装置，7为抽尘管，8为抽风箱，9为隔板，10为排尘挡板，11为锁紧旋钮，12为抽风管，13为排气口，14为负压室，15为动力机。
具体实施方式
[0012] 实施例1:图1显示了一种负压钻进系统，由钻杆4，钻头1，液压钻机5及支架，抽风机构等组成。钻杆4横卧安装在支架上并与液压钻机传动连接。钻头1安装在钻杆4的前端，钻杆4靠前一段的侧壁上设置有抽风口 3，钻头1与抽风口 3之间的一段钻杆侧壁上均布设置有多片翼板2，翼板2与轴线平行且具有一定长度，翼板2也可以交错分布，此处的翼板2起到打碎较大煤块和导流作用，以便抽风口 3起到最佳抽粉尘的效果。
[0013] 钻杆4后端通过旋转连接装置6与抽尘管7路连接，抽尘管7路与一个抽风箱8连通。
[0014] 抽风箱8是一个密封的箱体，抽风箱8内上侧设置有隔板9，隔板9将抽风箱分为颗粒沉积室和气流室，抽风箱8的进风口位于颗粒沉积室上方，抽风箱的出风口位于气流室上方，在所述颗粒沉积室的下方设置有排灰通道，例如图中所示铰接在箱体一侧的排尘挡板10和用于固定排尘挡板的锁紧旋钮11，排尘挡板或排尘口边缘可设置橡胶密封条。
[0015] 抽风箱8上端的出风口通过抽风管12与抽风机构连接，可以在抽风箱8的出风口上还安装有滤网。抽风机构包括负压室14和动力机15，动力机15驱动负压室内蜗轮旋转产生负压抽风作用，可以在负压室14的排气口 13上套装一个滤袋，滤袋上设置有透气微孔，便于搜集粉尘，定期更换。
Claims (3)
1.一种负压钻进系统，包括带有中空内腔的钻杆，钻头，液压钻机及支架，钻杆横卧安装在支架上并与液压钻机传动连接，其特征是:在钻头后侧的钻杆侧壁上开有抽气口，钻杆后端通过旋转连接装置与抽尘管路连接，抽尘管路与一个抽风箱上端的进风口连接，抽风箱上端同时设置有出风口，出风口通过抽风管与抽风机构连接，在钻头与抽风口之间的一段钻杆侧壁上还设置有翼板，所述的翼板与钻杆轴线平行设置，或翼板在钻杆侧壁上呈交错分布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的负压钻进系统，其特征是:所述抽风箱内上侧设置有隔板，隔板将抽风箱分为颗粒沉积室和气流室，抽风箱的进风口位于颗粒沉积室上方，抽风箱的出风口位于气流室上方，在所述颗粒沉积室的下方设置有排灰通道。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的负压钻进系统，其特征是:抽风箱的出风口上还安装有滤网，或者在抽气机构的出口套装有滤袋，滤袋上设置有透气微孔。
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| CN201428375Y (zh) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-03-24 | 北京市三一重机有限公司 | 气动冲击锤 |
| CN102168534A (zh) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-08-31 | 河南理工大学 | 煤矿专用吸风钻 |
| CN203066910U (zh) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-07-17 | 河南理工大学 | 负压钻进系统 |
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| CA1051866A (en) * | 1976-09-24 | 1979-04-03 | Peter Tymocko | Dust collection system |
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| GB667306A (en) * | 1949-03-19 | 1952-02-27 | Hemscheidt Maschf Hermann | Improvements in drill dust removing devices for use at mining, quarrying and at similar work |
| GB694963A (en) * | 1950-06-19 | 1953-07-29 | Holman Brothers Ltd | Improvements in and relating to rock drilling apparatus |
| US4354559A (en) * | 1980-07-30 | 1982-10-19 | Tri-State Oil Tool Industries, Inc. | Enlarged borehole drilling method and apparatus |
| CN201428375Y (zh) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-03-24 | 北京市三一重机有限公司 | 气动冲击锤 |
| CN102168534A (zh) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-08-31 | 河南理工大学 | 煤矿专用吸风钻 |
| CN203066910U (zh) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-07-17 | 河南理工大学 | 负压钻进系统 |
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