CN103117387A - 一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- MNLNJNKIBQPPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Al+3].[Ni+2].[Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Al+3].[Ni+2].[Li+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] MNLNJNKIBQPPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni] ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni].[Mn].[Li] ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UCDARHVLOLZKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Ni+2].[O-2].[Al+3] UCDARHVLOLZKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 nickel manganese aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 6
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001399 aluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005324 oxide salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- BLYYANNQIHKJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Ni++] BLYYANNQIHKJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高容量锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法,以共沉淀法制备的球形镍锰铝复合氧化物或碳酸盐为原料,将镍锰复合氢氧化物或碳酸盐进行氧化锻烧处理,预先得到高价态的球形镍锰氧化物均匀固溶体,将预氧化后的高价态镍锰氧化物与锂盐混合均匀,在氧气气氛中高温煅烧,冷却破碎后得到球状结构的锂镍锰铝氧正极材料。本发明制备的球形锂镍锰铝氧正极材料颗粒分布均匀、放电比容量大,循环性能好,制备工艺简单,成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及属储能材料及电化学领域,尤其是一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法。。
背景技术
全球石油危机日益严重,全球的石油储量仅可供人类使用40年,其中石油耗量最大的是汽车工业,而且汽车燃油排放大量的有害气体也严重的污染了人类的生活环境。高速发展的中国汽车业对世界环境和能源的影响越来越大。为此,发展电动车和混合电动车是解决未来能源紧缺和环境恶化的主要方法之一。新型锂离子电池属于清洁能源领域,具有安全性好,循环性好,寿命长,无毒无污染等优点,另外,作为汽车用动力电池必须满足以下要求:
(1)电池的放电曲线有高和较宽的平台,以保证长时间工作时电压稳定在高电压水平下;
(2)电池有较高的能量密度及比功率,以保证工作周期长,可靠性高;
(4)循环性能好,使用寿命长,充放电效率高,可进行快速充电;
(5)电池在任何情况下均能安全运行,不燃不爆;
(6)电池材料易得,价格便宜,电池易维护;
(7)电池的生产和使用不污染环境。锂离子二次电池在很大程度上满足了这些条件,使其成为动力电池和混合动力车车载动力的首选。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法,该方法制备出的锂镍锰铝氧晶体粒度分布均匀、晶体形貌规整,具有高容量性能、高安全性能,并具有良好的循环稳定性能。
本发明采用的技术方案:一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、以共沉淀法制备球形镍锰铝复合氧化物前驱体或球形镍锰铝复合碳酸盐前驱体;
b、将所述前驱体单独进行氧化煅烧处理,得到球形镍锰铝氧化物均匀共溶体;
c、将高价态的球形镍锰铝氧化物与锂盐均匀混合,在氧气气氛中高温煅烧,冷却后破碎得到锂镍锰铝氧正极材料。
所述球形镍锰铝氧化物化学式为LimNi1-x-yMnxAlyO2,其中0.05<X<0.3,0<y<0.1,0.96<m<1.3。
所述步骤b中,所述预氧化煅烧的气氛为氧气。
所述步骤b中,所述预氧化煅烧处理温度为500-650℃,处理时间为2~6h。
所述锂盐为氢氧化锂、碳酸锂中的一种或数种。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明所带来的有益效果是:
合成材料的可逆比容量高,循环稳定性好,可逆比容量;
采用本发明的方法,可以得到高密度型球形前驱体及球形锂镍锰铝氧正极材料,有利于提高锂离子电池的体积能量密度,本发明制备的球形锂镍锰铝氧正极材料颗粒分布均匀、放电比容量大,循环性能好,制备工艺简单,成本低。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1:
(1)以硫酸镍、硫酸锰、和硫酸铝为原料,按照Ni∶Mn∶Al摩尔比80∶15∶5,通过共沉淀法制备球形镍锰铝的复合氢氧化物前驱体;
(2)将镍锰铝的复合氢氧化物前驱体置于电阻炉中,以8℃/min的速率升温至300℃,保温1小时,在氧气氛中预氧化得到镍锰铝的复合氧化物LimNi1-x-yMnxAlyO2,x=0.15,y=0.05,m=1.0;
(3)将镍锰铝的复合氧化物与氢氧化锂按原子比nLi∶(nNi+nMn+nAl)=10∶8的比例混合,以乙醇为球磨介质,球磨2小时均匀,烘干后置于电阻炉中在氧气 氛中缓慢升温到650℃后,恒温12小时,自然冷却、破碎、分级,即得到高镍的锂镍锰铝氧正极材料。
实施例2:
(1)以硫酸镍、硫酸锰、和硫酸铝为原料,按照Ni∶Mn∶Al摩尔比
83∶15∶2,通过共沉淀法制备球形镍锰铝的复合氢氧化物前驱体;
(2)将镍锰铝的复合氢氧化物前驱体置于电阻炉中,以8.5℃/min的速率升温至350℃,保温2小时,在氧气氛中预氧化得到镍锰铝的复合氧化物LimNi1-x-yMnxAlyO2,x=0.15,y=0.02,m=1.0;
(3)将镍锰铝的复合氧化物与氢氧化锂按原子比nLi∶(nNi+nMn+nAl)=10∶9的比例混合,以乙醇为球磨介质,球磨2.5小时均匀,烘干后置于电阻炉中在氧气氛中缓慢升温到700℃后,恒温11小时,自然冷却,破碎,分级,即得到高镍的锂镍锰铝氧正极材料。
实施例3:
(1)以硫酸镍、硫酸锰、和硫酸铝为原料,按照Ni∶Mn∶Al摩尔比0.80∶0.14∶0.06,通过共沉淀法制备球形镍锰铝的复合碳酸盐前驱体;
(2)将镍锰铝的复合碳酸盐前驱体置于电阻炉中,以12℃/min的速率升温至800℃,保温9小时,在氧气氛中预氧化得到镍锰铝的复合氧化物LimNi1-x-yMnxAlyO2,x=0.14,y=0.06,m=1.0;
(3)将镍锰铝的复合氧化物与氢氧化锂按原子比nLi∶(nNi+nMn+nAl)=1.20∶1.20的比例混合,以乙醇为球磨介质,球磨3小时均匀,烘干后置于电阻炉中在氧气氛中缓慢升温到800℃后,恒温19小时,自然冷却,破碎,分级,即得到高镍的锂镍锰铝氧正极材料。
Claims (8)
1.一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
a、以共沉淀法制备球形镍锰铝复合氧化物前驱体或球形镍锰铝复合碳酸盐前驱体;
b、将所述前驱体单独进行氧化煅烧处理,得到球形镍锰铝氧化物均匀共溶体;
c、将高价态的球形镍锰铝氧化物与锂盐均匀混合,在氧气气氛中高温煅烧,冷却后破碎得到锂镍锰铝氧正极材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法,其特征在于:所述球形镍锰铝氧化物化学式为LimNi1-x-yMnxAlyO2,其中0.05<X<0.3,0<y<0.1,0.96<m<1.3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b中,所述预氧化煅烧的气氛为氧气。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤b中,所述预氧化煅烧处理温度为500-650℃,处理时间为2~6h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种锂离子电池正极材料锂镍锰铝氧的制备方法,其特征在于:所述锂盐为氢氧化锂、碳酸锂中的一种或数种。
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