CN103115832A - Tester for soil pressure bearing and shearing test - Google Patents
Tester for soil pressure bearing and shearing test Download PDFInfo
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- CN103115832A CN103115832A CN2013100288315A CN201310028831A CN103115832A CN 103115832 A CN103115832 A CN 103115832A CN 2013100288315 A CN2013100288315 A CN 2013100288315A CN 201310028831 A CN201310028831 A CN 201310028831A CN 103115832 A CN103115832 A CN 103115832A
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Abstract
The invention provides a test instrument for mechanical property of soil based on bainite instrument, i.e., a tester for a soil pressure bearing and shearing test. The tester comprises an angular displacement sensor shaft coupler, a U-shaped seat, a displacement sensor, a weight, a displacement sensor shell guide rail, a weight base, an upper sliding shaft, a pressing/twisting combined sensor, a lower sliding shaft, a shearing ring/pressing plate, an angular displacement sensor, a pair of twisting wrench gloves, a thrust ball bearing, a retainer ring, a supporting seat, a limiting bolt, a clamping lug, a shaft sleeve and a triangular support. A measuring method comprises the four steps; the pressure bearing and shearing properties of soil can be measured respectively by using the instrument; and main mechanical parameters of the soil can be obtained after an obtained pressure bearing property curve and a shearing property curve are treated. The tester is not only simple in structure and easy to operate, but also precise in measurement, easy to carry and mount and good in stability and reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tester, more specifically relate to a kind of soil mechanics characteristic test instrument based on the bevameter test philosophy-a kind of soil pressure-bearing and shear property experiment tester.Belong to the testing apparatus technical field.
Background technology
The physico mechanical characteristic of soil has very large impact to the traction control performance of vehicle, to the research of soil physics mechanical characteristic, helps to assess the road surface trafficability characteristic of vehicle, optimizes its driveability and carries out safe path planning.In order to analyse in depth the physico mechanical characteristic of soil, need to measure the behavior of mechanics of soil, the physical parameter of soil comprises mainly that grade is joined, particle proportion, unit weight and void ratio etc., and these parameters can be measured comparatively intuitively and calculate by the method for soil mechanics.The mechanics parameters of soil mainly comprises cohesion c, angle of internal friction
Detrusion modulus K, depression index n, cohesion deformation modulus kc and friction texturizing modulus
Deng, wherein c,
With the shear property of K for sign soil, and kc,
Be mainly used in characterizing the pressure-bearing characteristic of soil with n, but above these parameters can't utilize all the soil mechanics instrument directly to measure, must obtain by indirect calculation after soil being carried out dynamic characteristic test.And in the specificity analysis to soil, what we directly observed is the physical characteristics of soil, and the variation of soil physical parameters can have influence on the mechanical characteristic of soil again, such as the soil aperture just can directly affect soil cohesion c and angle of internal friction than the variation of e
Numerical value, therefore, exist association between the physics of soil and mechanics parameters, mutual relationship is more complicated also.The mechanics parameter of soil produces directly impact to the pulling figure of vehicle, and the physical parameter of soil is passed through the pulling figure of the mechanical characteristic remote effect vehicle of change soil.The physico mechanical characteristic that adopts the method for laboratory soil test to measure soil not only can be avoided the impact (like rain, snow etc.) of some extraneous factors, but also can repeat to obtain rapidly test findings, cost is also relatively cheap, therefore often adopts or designs corresponding soil mechanics testing tool and carry out the test of soil characteristic.
Wherein, most widely used equipment is bevameter (Bevameter), except bevameter; usually also adopt other soil testing method; as direct shear test and triaxial test, in addition, the rideability of soil is analyzed in the penetration test of AUS water channel testing station's employing circular cone.Below introduce respectively these several tests instrument used and measuring method.In various soil mechanics testing tools, bevameter (Bevameter) be a kind of by between simulating vehicle travel mechanism and soil surface vertical load and the shearing force instrument that obtains soil pressure-bearing, shear stress-strain stress relation.With respect to other various soil mechanics characteristic test instruments, the most outstanding characteristics of bevameter are simple efficient, and it gets final product the pressure-bearing shear property curve of fast whole acquisition soil take classical soil mechanics formula as the basis by simple load maintainer and measuring system.Except typical bevameter, each research institution also designs and has completed dissimilar bevameter both at home and abroad.
Direct shear test is a kind of simple, practical translation shear test.In the various shearing test methods that exist at present, direct shear test is one of soil characteristic method of testing of early start use.Direct shear test is to belong to " linear two-dimensional " method of testing, need select 4 ~ 5 samples in process of the test, apply different normal stresses and shearing force on the predetermined shear surface of direct shear apparatus, until destroy shear strength parameter (cohesion c, the angle of internal friction of measuring the soil body itself, the weak face of the soil body and foundation soil
) technical operation.The test result of direct shear test in the dried sandy soil earth of class is comparatively accurate.Direct shear test generally adopts Stress Control and strain control dual mode to carry out; Cut mode is divided into slow shear, consolidated quick shear and cuts soon three kinds; The instrument that test needs has direct shear apparatus, dynamometer, cutting ring, cuts native cutter etc.; Wherein boxshear apparatus mainly is comprised of vertical loading device, horizontal thrust (pulling force) device, shear box, level and vertical displacement meter etc.
Triaxial test is generally used for determining the stress-strain behavior of soil under draining controlled condition, although pilot system relative complex, but relative direct shear test, triaxial test can be reproduced initial effective stress and the variation thereof of soil in place in a kind of mode more true to nature in testing laboratory.Triaxial test is a kind of accurately predicting soil maximum shearing resistance, the measuring method of strain-stress relation when obtaining the soil shear inefficacy.Triaxial test is general adopts 3 ~ 4 cylindrical samples, different confined pressure σ 3 times, sample is applied axle pressure (being deviator stress σ 1-σ 3) until sample destroys respectively, calculates shear strength parameter (cohesion c, angle of internal friction
) technical operation.Triaxial compression test utilizes triaxial apparatus to test usually.Triaxial apparatus by the pressure chamber, axially loading system, apply ambient pressure system, measuring pore water pressure system etc. and form.
The circular cone penetration test is a kind of experimental method of testing, and the method is set up by pure experience by AUS water channel testing station (WaterwaysExperiment Station), claims again the WES method.Due to the WES method be mainly a mechanical property that affect soil support value and soil propelling power combine (disregarding the impact of loaded area) form a metric, be called " cone index (CI) ", so this method of testing is called again the cone index method.WES method test is simple, and is practical and convenient, is a kind of rapid test method that judges soil rideability and vehicle passability, adopted by many countries in the world.Another characteristics of circular cone penetration test solve exactly by traditional shear test is brought to get typical problem, when utilizing traditional shear property test (as bevameter) data prediction soil passability, stress state to the pressure-bearing Soil Under Conditions lacks certain understanding, and the accurate stress theory that appears at the forties in last century is due to too complicated and seldom be applied in the test and trafficability characteristic research of soil characteristic, therefore the circular cone penetration test has obtained development preferably, and cone penetrometer is also constantly improved.
In order to expand the measurement range of traditional round cone penetration test, further analyze the mechanical characteristic of soil, blade-circular cone tester arises at the historic moment, this instrument not only can carry out the traditional round cone penetration test, more increased the method for testing of soil shear characteristic, in process of the test, the extremely specific degree of depth of blade cone injection soil under certain pressure at right angle, then rotation, shear soil.Blade-circular cone penetration test is usually used in measuring the mechanical characteristic of clay material.Also have the similar soil testing instrument of a kind of and cone penetrometer-blade to shear penetrometer.This instrument only can be used for the shear stress of test clay.This instrument not only can be used for indoor geotechnique's test, also can test in the open air.The cutting head of instrument lower end is welded on rigidity moment of torsion connecting link by four measure-alike slim vane, forms shearing blade, and another service time, long shear property testing tool was Cohron shear stress registering instrument.This instrument is mainly used in testing the shear stress of soil in place.The instrument lower end is equipped with one with the torsional shear head of smooth rubber or metal surface, and cutting head links by volute spring and data recording bar.
The mechanical characteristic of research wheel of vehicle and soil interaction just must be grasped the simulated soil mechanical characteristic.Not have all purpose instrument available to measurement that probe vehicles travels original position simulated soil parameter relevant, and relevant testing tool is less.Therefore, carry out measurement in place to injection characteristic, pressure-bearing characteristic and the shear property of simulated soil, just must design one overlap special-purpose soil pressure-bearing/shear property test macro.
Summary of the invention
1, purpose: in conjunction with above situation and with reference to all kinds of bevameters and other soil testing instruments, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of soil mechanics characteristic test instrument based on the bevameter test philosophy-a kind of soil pressure-bearing and shear test tester, utilize this instrument can measure respectively pressure-bearing characteristic and the shear property of soil, to obtain the pressure-bearing characteristic curve and after the shear property curve processes, can obtain the main mechanical parameter of soil.
2, technical scheme:
(1) a kind of soil pressure-bearing of the present invention and shear test tester, it comprises angular displacement sensor shaft coupling, U-shaped seat, displacement transducer, counterweight, displacement sensor shell guide rail, counterweight seat, upper sliding axle, pressure/turn round combination sensor, downslide moving axis, shearing ring/pressing plate, angular displacement sensor, torsion spanner cover, thrust ball bearing, collar, supporting seat, caging bolt, clamp lug, axle sleeve and tripod.
Its position annexation is: this testing tool main body adopts tripod to support, tripod is loaded on supporting seat, the length of adjusting triangle frame and opening and closing degree as required during test, two symmetrical clamp lugs are housed on supporting seat, be rotated under larger load when shearing ring when shearing, can keep the steady of instrument by hand steered clamp lug, prevent that larger inclination from appearring in apparatus subject, affects its measuring accuracy; The counterweight cover for seat is on the outer sleeve of supporting seat and can slide up and down along it, and the disk of counterweight seat bottom is mainly used in placing the counterweight of different size and weight, increases vertical load on shearing ring/pressing plate by adding counterweight during test.Displacement transducer shell guide rails assembling is on the counterweight seat, be mainly used in the shell of fixed displacement sensor, for avoiding interfering, all be processed with U-shaped open slot on all counterweights, after counterweight loaded, this displacement transducer shell guide rail just in time was positioned at the open slot of all counterweights.The pull bar top of displacement transducer is fixed on supporting seat by nut, and the displacement transducer shell moves up and down with the counterweight seat, in real time the sinkage of measuring pressure plate.U-shaped seat is installed on the top of counterweight seat, is mainly used in the shell of fixed angles displacement transducer.On the supporting seat cylindrical central sleeve, caging bolt is housed, be used for limiting upward sliding axle position in the vertical direction, supporting seat top and bottom nose end all are equipped with axle sleeve, are used for the upper sliding axle in location, by clearance control, during warranty test, upper sliding axle can slide up and down in axle sleeve and rotate freely.Upper sliding axle top is connected with the turning axle of angular displacement sensor by the angular displacement sensor shaft coupling, the bottom disk is by bolt and pressure/turn round combination sensor to be connected, collar is equipped with at the shaft shoulder place of upper sliding axle, thrust ball bearing is housed on collar, the counterweight seat is placed on thrust ball bearing, its weight of bearing can reach by bearing, collar and upper sliding axle and press/turn round on combination sensor, dismountable torsion spanner cover also is equipped with in the top of upper sliding axle, reverse handle by installation, can apply moment of torsion to upper sliding axle.In process of the test, upper sliding axle both can slide up and down the transmission vertical load, again transmitting torque free to rotate.Press/turn round combination sensor bottom connection downslide moving axis, the downslide moving axis works to transmit vertical load and moment of torsion equally, shearing ring/pressing plate is equipped with in its bottom, during test, the soil reacting force that shearing ring/pressing plate bears will be passed to by the downslide moving axis and press/turn round combination sensor, press/turn round combination sensor not only can measure the vertical load that shearing ring/pressing plate bears, also can measure the flip Trim moment that shearing ring bears.
Then, with recording instrument without paper, the sensor signal that records is gathered, shows, records and stores.Test Data Collecting and store complete after, utilize the KLCOM100 data analysis software to carry out analyzing and processing to the raw data that collects, simultaneously generating report forms is derived.
Described angular displacement sensor shaft coupling is customization or commercial cylindrical shaft coupling;
Described U-shaped seat is the C shape part that sheet material bends;
Described displacement transducer, pressure/turn round combination sensor and angular displacement sensor, its measurement range is selected according to testing requirements, can choose on market as requested;
Described counterweight is the source pressure required according to the test of this instrument matching design, is cylindrical and has the self-made components of U-shaped groove on it;
Described displacement transducer shell guide rail is the self-made components fixed displacement sensor and that have U-shaped groove on it;
Described counterweight seat is the inverted T-shaped spare that pipe is connected with board material vertical;
Described upper sliding axle is the common Step Shaft of making by preliminary dimension;
Described downslide moving axis is the common Step Shaft of making by preliminary dimension;
Described shearing ring/pressing plate is disk-shaped part, is provided with rectangular teeth on shearing ring;
Described torsion spanner cover is in the middle part of heart section and circumference, round-meshed cylindrical member to be set;
Described thrust ball bearing is that model is commercial of 51202GB/T301-1995;
Described collar is columniform self-made components;
Described supporting seat is T-shaped self-made components;
Described caging bolt is commercial web member;
Described clamp lug is the C shape part that round steel is simmered system;
Described axle sleeve is the circular casing spare of making by preliminary dimension;
Described tripod is telescopic triangular supports by preliminary dimension manufacturing or outsourcing.
Described recording instrument without paper, can make by oneself or market on choose;
Principle of work of the present invention and flow process brief introduction are as follows:
Principle of work of the present invention: the research of soil physics mechanical characteristic, help to assess the road surface trafficability characteristic of vehicle, optimize its driveability and carry out safe path planning.In order to analyse in depth the physico mechanical characteristic of soil, need to measure the behavior of mechanics of soil, the physical parameter of soil comprises mainly that grade is joined, particle proportion, unit weight and void ratio etc., and these parameters can be measured comparatively intuitively and calculate by the method for soil mechanics.The mechanics parameters of soil mainly comprises cohesion c, angle of internal friction
Detrusion modulus K, depression index n, cohesion deformation modulus kc and friction texturizing modulus
Deng, wherein c,
With the shear property of K for sign soil, and kc,
Be mainly used in characterizing the pressure-bearing characteristic of soil with n.In the pressure-bearing test, by pressing/turn round combination sensor and displacement transducer, we can obtain when pressure-bearing changes, the sinkage of pressing plate.In shear test, by pressing/turn round combination sensor and angular displacement sensor, we can obtain under certain pressure, the relation of moment of torsion and angular displacement.Then according to itself and Coulomb formula
With Bekker pressure-bearing formula ln p=lnk
pThe relation of+nlnz obtains the soil mechanics parameter.
Workflow of the present invention: when carrying out the test of soil pressure-bearing characteristic, at first utilize the position of sliding axle in the caging bolt adjustment, it is progressively descended, by observing, when the bottom end face of pressing plate just with soil surface contact (vertical load that this moment, pressing plate bore is still zero) when contacting, the demonstration numerical value of record displacement transducer this moment, as measuring zero point, then unclamp caging bolt, pressing plate is sunk at soil surface, then progressively add counterweight, and record simultaneously pressing plate bearing pressure and sinkage data, draw pressure-sinkage curve.For reducing measuring error, carrying out test identical more than 3 times under the pressing plate of same size, the mean value of getting measurement result carries out data to be processed; When carrying out the soil shear attribute testing, at first load counterweight until the vertical load that shearing ring bears reaches predetermined value, then slowly pull clockwise the torsion handle and carry out soil shear, record simultaneously angular displacement sensor and pressure/turn round angle and moment of torsion data that sensor records, when being shown as 180 °, the output angle of angular displacement sensor stops reversing the storage test data.Measurement data is carried out relation convert, the shear displacemant of soil-shear stress curve under drafting predetermined vertical load.In order to keep measuring accuracy, should choose more than 4, the obvious vertical load of interval of values tests.
(2) method of testing of a kind of soil pressure-bearing and shear test tester, the method concrete steps are as follows:
The test points for attention: this test is to carry out in soft terrain or indoor soil tank; Near palpus can provide 220V voltage; Due to instrument itself with multiple sensors, so will avoid the instrument power that withstands shocks.
1. soil pressure-bearing characteristic test
Step 1: utilize the funnel method that sands that simulated soil is injected soil box, simulated soil is loosened, strikes off and compacting, then the density of the apparatus measures simulated soil by soil mechanics begin to test;
Step 2: adjust height and the opening angle of instrument tripod, instrument is put into soil box, make the tripod bottom be absorbed in simulated soil and compacting downwards, with surveyor's staff, tester is proofreaied and correct simultaneously, guarantee that tester is perpendicular to the ground; Switch on power, open XSR70 type recording instrument without paper, adjust date of test, time, data acquiring frequency, when the sensor reading tends towards stability, to the operation of returning to zero of the reading of pressure transducer, then unclamp caging bolt, manually adjust the position of shearing ring/pressing plate, make it slowly descending, by observing, when just having contacted with soil bottom shearing ring/pressing plate, tighten caging bolt, read the test value of displacement transducer this moment by the recording instrument without paper display screen, and it is made as the zero point of shearing ring/pressing plate sinkage.
Step 3: unclamp caging bolt, make shearing ring/pressing plate be absorbed in simulated soil, write down the sinkage of shearing ring/pressing plate this moment, and read the initial reading of pressing/turning round combination sensor; Instrument is progressively loaded counterweight, observe simultaneously the reading of pressing/turning round combination sensor and displacement transducer, when the counterweight gross weight is the 60kg left and right, stop loading.Utilize test figure unloading that USB interface collects recording instrument without paper to USB flash disk, then close recording instrument without paper, counterweight is progressively unloaded from the counterweight seat, tighten caging bolt and instrument is pulled out from simulated soil, clear up tester, and check the intact degree of each parts.
Step 4: in data importing computing machine on USB flash disk, and utilize software that test data is processed and analyzed, the pressure of drafting shearing ring/pressing plate-sinkage curve.Shearing ring/the pressing plate of same specification is carried out replica test more than 3 times, and measured value is averaged.Change the shearing ring/pressing plate of different size, repeat test according to above step, record measurement result.
2. soil shear attribute testing
Step 1: utilize the funnel method that sands that simulated soil is injected soil box, simulated soil is loosened, strikes off and compacting, then the density of the measure analog soil by the soil mechanics instrument begin to test.
Step 2: adjust height and the opening angle of instrument tripod, instrument is put into soil box, make the tripod bottom be absorbed in simulated soil and compacting downwards, with surveyor's staff, tester is proofreaied and correct simultaneously, guarantee that tester is perpendicular to the ground; Switch on power, open XSR70 type recording instrument without paper, adjust date of test, time, data acquiring frequency, when tending towards stability, unclamps the sensor reading caging bolt, pull the torsion spanner cover, the reading of while viewing angle displacement transducer, when being 180 degree left and right, the reading of angular displacement sensor stops pulling, to the reading of pressing/the turning round combination sensor operation of returning to zero, then make shearing ring/pressing plate slowly descending until be absorbed in simulated soil, read the initial value of pressing/turning round combination sensor this moment by the recording instrument without paper display screen.
Step 3: instrument is loaded counterweight, until the pressure at right angle on shearing ring/pressing plate reaches predetermined value.Then pull clockwise the torsion spanner cover, shearing ring/pressing plate is rotated and carry out soil shear, observe simultaneously and record angular displacement sensor and pressure/the turn round reading of combination sensor, when the angular displacement sensor reading is shown as 0 when spending, shearing ring/pressing plate stops the rotation.Utilize test figure unloading that USB interface collects recording instrument without paper to USB flash disk, then close recording instrument without paper, counterweight is progressively unloaded from the counterweight seat, tighten caging bolt and instrument is pulled out from simulated soil, clear up tester, and check the intact degree of each parts.
Step 4: in data importing computing machine on USB flash disk, and utilize software that test data is processed and analyzed, draw the shearing ring shearing moment with the change curve of the anglec of rotation.Repeating step, the predetermined value of change pressure at right angle in step 3, repeating step then, in integrating process of the test, the set point number of predetermined value is no less than 3 times.
3, advantage and effect: the present invention compared with prior art has following obvious advantage and high-lighting effect:
This parameter measurement instrument can provide two kinds of different mode of motion to satisfy respectively the needs of multiple metering system.It not only can supply pressure-bearing instrument and the needed rectilinear motion of penetrometer, and rotatablely moving when shearing can also be provided.Simultaneously, the present invention is not only simple in structure, easy operating, and measuring accurately, installations that be easy to carry about with one, the various mechanical properties of in-situ investigation soil when possessing Stability and dependability preferably and being applicable to whole vehicle and testing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 soil pressure-bearing of the present invention/shear property experiment tester cut-open view;
Fig. 2 is soil pressure-bearing of the present invention/shear test tester stereographic map;
Fig. 3 (a) pressure-bearing experiment process figure
Fig. 3 (b) shear test process flow diagram
Fig. 4 (a) displacement transducer guide rail front elevation
Fig. 4 (b) displacement transducer guide rail vertical view
Fig. 5 (a) supporting seat front elevation
Fig. 5 (b) supporting seat vertical view
In figure, symbol description is as follows:
1. angular displacement sensor shaft coupling; 2.U type seat; 3. displacement transducer; 4. counterweight; 5. displacement transducer shell guide rail; 6. counterweight seat; 7. go up sliding axle; 8. press/turn round combination sensor; 9. downslide moving axis; 10. shearing ring/pressing plate; 11. angular displacement sensor; 12. torsion spanner cover; 13. thrust ball bearing; 14. collar; 15. supporting seat; 16. caging bolt; 17. clamp lug; 18. axle sleeve; 19. tripod;
Embodiment
Further illustrate concrete structure of the present invention and embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, whole surveying instrument comprises angular displacement sensor shaft coupling 1, U-shaped seat 2, displacement transducer 3, counterweight 4, displacement transducer shell guide rail 5, counterweight seat 6, combination sensor 8 is pressed/turned round to upper sliding axle 7, downslide moving axis 9, shearing ring/pressing plate 10, angular displacement sensor 11. torsion spanner cover 12, thrust ball bearing 13, collar 14, supporting seat 15, caging bolt 16, clamp lug 17, axle sleeve 18 and tripod 19.
Its position annexation is: this testing tool main body adopts tripod 19 to support, tripod 19 is loaded on supporting seat 15, the length of adjusting triangle frame 19 and opening and closing degree as required during test, two symmetrical clamp lugs 17 are housed on supporting seat 15, be rotated under larger load when shearing ring 10 when shearing, can keep the steady of instrument by hand steered clamp lug 17, prevent that larger inclination from appearring in apparatus subject, affects its measuring accuracy; Counterweight seat 6 is placed on the outer sleeve of supporting seat 15 and can slides up and down along it, and the disk of counterweight seat 6 bottoms is mainly used in placing the counterweight 4 of different size and weight, increases vertical load on pressing plate or shearing ring 10 by adding counterweight 4 during test.Displacement transducer shell guide rail 5 is installed on counterweight seat 6, be mainly used in the shell of fixed displacement sensor 3, for avoiding interfering, all be processed with U-shaped open slot on all counterweights 4, after counterweight 4 loaded, this displacement transducer shell guide rail 5 just in time was positioned at the open slot of all counterweights 4.The pull bar top of displacement transducer 3 is fixed on supporting seat 15 by nut, and displacement transducer 3 shells move up and down with counterweight seat 6, in real time the sinkage of measuring pressure plate/shearing ring 10.U-shaped seat 2 is installed on the top of counterweight seat 6, is mainly used in the shell of fixed angles displacement transducer 11.On supporting seat 15 cylindrical central sleeves, caging bolt 16 is housed, be used for limiting upward sliding axle 7 position in the vertical direction, supporting seat 15 tops and bottom nose end all are equipped with axle sleeve 18, be used for the upper sliding axle 7 in location, by clearance control, during warranty test, upper sliding axle 7 can slide up and down and rotate freely in axle sleeve 18.Upper sliding axle 7 tops are connected with the turning axle of angular displacement sensor 11 by angular displacement sensor shaft coupling 1, the bottom disk is by bolt and pressure/turn round combination sensor 8 to link, collar 14 is equipped with at the shaft shoulder place of upper sliding axle 9, thrust ball bearing 13 is housed on collar 14, counterweight seat 6 is placed on thrust ball bearing 13, its weight of bearing can reach by thrust ball bearing 13, collar 14 and upper sliding axle 7 and press/turn round on combination sensor 8, dismountable torsion spanner cover 12 also is equipped with in upper sliding axle 7 upper, reverse handle by installation, can apply moment of torsion to upper sliding axle 7.In process of the test, upper sliding axle 7 both can slide up and down the transmission vertical load, again transmitting torque free to rotate.Press/turn round combination sensor 8 bottoms connection downslide moving axis 9, downslide moving axis 9 works to transmit vertical load and moment of torsion equally, shearing ring/pressing plate 10 is equipped with in its bottom, during test, the soil reacting force that pressing plate/shearing ring 10 bears will be passed to by downslide moving axis 9 and press/turn round combination sensor 8, the vertical load of pressing/turning round combination sensor 8 not only can measuring pressure plate/shearing ring 10 to bear also can be measured the flip Trim moment that shearing ring 10 bears.Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b) are respectively front elevation and the vertical view of displacement transducer guide rail; Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 5 (b) are respectively front elevation and the vertical view of supporting seat.
See Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b), the method for testing of a kind of soil pressure-bearing and shear test tester, the concrete measuring process of the method is as follows:
The pressure-bearing test:
1.: utilize the funnel method that sands that simulated soil is injected soil box, simulated soil is loosened, strikes off and compacting, then the density of the apparatus measures simulated soil by soil mechanics begin to test;
2.: adjust height and the opening angle of instrument tripod 19, instrument is put into soil box, make tripod 19 bottoms be absorbed in simulated soil and compacting downwards, with surveyor's staff, tester is proofreaied and correct simultaneously, guarantee that tester is perpendicular to the ground; Switch on power, open XSR70 type recording instrument without paper, adjust date of test, time, data acquiring frequency, when the sensor reading tends towards stability, to the operation of returning to zero of the reading of pressure transducer 8, then unclamp caging bolt 16, manually adjust the position of shearing ring/pressing plate 10, make it slowly descending, by observing, when shearing ring/pressing plate 10 bottoms have just contacted with soil, tighten caging bolt 16, read the test value of displacement transducer 3 this moment by the recording instrument without paper display screen, and it is made as the zero point of shearing ring/pressing plate 10 sinkages.
3.: unclamp caging bolt 16, make shearing ring/pressing plate 10 be absorbed in simulated soil, write down the sinkage of shearing ring/pressing plate 10 this moment, and read the initial reading of pressing/turning round combination sensor 8; Instrument is progressively loaded counterweight 4, observe simultaneously the reading of pressing/turning round combination sensor 8 and displacement transducer 3, when counterweight 4 gross weights are the 60kg left and right, stop loading.Utilize test figure unloading that USB interface collects recording instrument without paper to USB flash disk, then close recording instrument without paper, counterweight 4 is progressively unloaded from counterweight seat 6, tighten caging bolt 16 and instrument is pulled out from simulated soil, clear up tester, and check the intact degree of each parts.
4.: in data importing computing machine on USB flash disk, and utilize software that test data is processed and analyzed, the pressure of drafting shearing ring/pressing plate 10-sinkage curve.To the replica test that the shearing ring/pressing plate 10 of same specification carries out more than 3 times, measured value is averaged.Change the shearing ring/pressing plate 10 of different size, repeat test according to above step, record measurement result.
Table 1 is the pressure-bearing test card of silicon; (recording instrument without paper gathers the raw data of gained to the sensor signal that records)
The shear property test
1.: utilize the funnel method that sands that simulated soil is injected soil box, simulated soil is loosened, strikes off and compacting, then the density of the measure analog soil by the soil mechanics instrument begin to test.
2.: adjust height and the opening angle of instrument tripod 19, instrument is put into soil box, make tripod 19 bottoms be absorbed in simulated soil and compacting downwards, with surveyor's staff, tester is proofreaied and correct simultaneously, guarantee that tester is perpendicular to the ground; Switch on power, open XSR70 type recording instrument without paper, adjust date of test, time, data acquiring frequency, when tending towards stability, unclamps the sensor reading caging bolt 16, pull torsion spanner cover 12, the reading of while viewing angle displacement transducer 11, when being 180 degree left and right, the reading of angular displacement sensor 11 stops pulling, to the reading of pressing/turning round combination sensor 8 operation of returning to zero, then make shearing ring/pressing plate 10 slowly descending until be absorbed in simulated soil, read the initial value of pressing/turning round combination sensor 8 this moment by the recording instrument without paper display screen.
3.: instrument is loaded counterweight 4, until the pressure at right angle on shearing ring/pressing plate 10 reaches predetermined value.Then pull clockwise torsion spanner cover 12, shearing ring/pressing plate 10 is rotated and carry out soil shear, observe simultaneously and record angular displacement sensor 11 and press/turn round the reading of combination sensor 8, when angular displacement sensor 11 readings are shown as 0 when spending, shearing ring/pressing plate 10 stops the rotation.Utilize test figure unloading that USB interface collects recording instrument without paper to USB flash disk, then close recording instrument without paper, counterweight 4 is progressively unloaded from counterweight seat 6, tighten caging bolt 16 and instrument is pulled out from simulated soil, clear up tester, and check the intact degree of each parts.
4.: in data importing computing machine on USB flash disk, and utilize software that test data is processed and analyzed, draw the shearing ring shearing moment with the change curve of the anglec of rotation.Repeating step, step 3. in the predetermined value of change pressure at right angle, repeating step then, in integrating process of the test, the set point number of predetermined value is no less than 3 times.
Table 2 is the shear test table (recording instrument without paper gathers the raw data of gained to the sensor signal that records) of silicon
Claims (2)
1. a soil pressure-bearing and shear test tester is characterized in that: it comprises angular displacement sensor shaft coupling, U-shaped seat, displacement transducer, counterweight, displacement sensor shell guide rail, counterweight seat, upper sliding axle, pressure/turn round combination sensor, downslide moving axis, shearing ring/pressing plate, angular displacement sensor, torsion spanner cover, thrust ball bearing, collar, supporting seat, caging bolt, clamp lug, axle sleeve and tripod; This testing tool main body adopts tripod to support, tripod is loaded on supporting seat, the length of adjusting triangle frame and opening and closing degree as required during test, two symmetrical clamp lugs are housed on supporting seat, be rotated under larger load when shearing ring when shearing, keep the steady of instrument by hand steered clamp lug, prevent that larger inclination from appearring in apparatus subject, affects its measuring accuracy; The counterweight cover for seat is on the outer sleeve of supporting seat and can slide up and down along it, and the disk of counterweight seat bottom is used for placing the counterweight of different size and weight, increases vertical load on shearing ring/pressing plate by adding counterweight during test; Displacement transducer shell guide rails assembling is used for the shell of fixed displacement sensor on the counterweight seat, for avoiding interfering, all be processed with U-shaped open slot on all counterweights, and after counterweight loaded, this displacement transducer shell guide rail just in time was positioned at the open slot of all counterweights; The pull bar top of displacement transducer is fixed on supporting seat by nut, and the displacement transducer shell moves up and down with the counterweight seat, in real time the sinkage of measuring pressure plate; U-shaped seat is installed on the top of counterweight seat, the shell that is used for the fixed angles displacement transducer, on the supporting seat cylindrical central sleeve, caging bolt is housed, be used for limiting upward sliding axle position in the vertical direction, supporting seat top and bottom nose end all are equipped with axle sleeve, be used for the upper sliding axle in location, by clearance control, during warranty test, upper sliding axle slides up and down in axle sleeve and rotates freely; Upper sliding axle top is connected with the turning axle of angular displacement sensor by the angular displacement sensor shaft coupling, the bottom disk is by bolt and pressure/turn round combination sensor to be connected, collar is equipped with at the shaft shoulder place of upper sliding axle, thrust ball bearing is housed on collar, the counterweight seat is placed on thrust ball bearing, its weight of bearing reaches by bearing, collar and upper sliding axle and presses/turn round on combination sensor, dismountable torsion spanner cover also is equipped with in the top of upper sliding axle, reverse handle by installation, can apply moment of torsion to upper sliding axle; In process of the test, upper sliding axle both can slide up and down the transmission vertical load, again transmitting torque free to rotate; Press/turn round combination sensor bottom connection downslide moving axis, the downslide moving axis works to transmit vertical load and moment of torsion equally, shearing ring/pressing plate is equipped with in its bottom, during test, the soil reacting force that shearing ring/pressing plate bears will be passed to by the downslide moving axis and press/turn round combination sensor, press/turn round combination sensor not only can measure the vertical load that shearing ring/pressing plate bears, the flip Trim moment of also shearing ring being born is measured; Then, with recording instrument without paper, the sensor signal that records is gathered, shows, records and stores; Test Data Collecting and store complete after, utilize the KLCOM100 data analysis software to carry out analyzing and processing to the raw data that collects, simultaneously generating report forms is derived;
Described angular displacement sensor shaft coupling is customization or commercial cylindrical shaft coupling;
Described U-shaped seat is the C shape part that sheet material bends;
Described displacement transducer, pressure/turn round combination sensor and angular displacement sensor, its measurement range is selected according to testing requirements;
Described counterweight is the source pressure required according to the test of this instrument matching design, is cylindrical and has the self-made components of U-shaped groove on it;
Described displacement transducer shell guide rail is the self-made components fixed displacement sensor and that have U-shaped groove on it;
Described counterweight seat is the inverted T-shaped spare that pipe is connected with board material vertical;
Described upper sliding axle is the common Step Shaft of making by preliminary dimension;
Described downslide moving axis is the common Step Shaft of making by preliminary dimension;
Described shearing ring/pressing plate is disk-shaped part, is provided with rectangular teeth on shearing ring;
Described torsion spanner cover is in the middle part of heart section and circumference, round-meshed cylindrical member to be set;
The model of described thrust ball bearing is 51202GB/T301-1995;
Described collar is columniform self-made components;
Described supporting seat is T-shaped self-made components;
Described caging bolt is commercial web member;
Described clamp lug is the C shape part that round steel is simmered system;
Described axle sleeve is the circular casing spare of making by preliminary dimension;
Described tripod is telescopic triangular supports by preliminary dimension manufacturing or outsourcing;
Described recording instrument without paper, can make by oneself or market on choose.
2. the method for testing of a soil pressure-bearing and shear test tester, it is characterized in that: the method concrete steps are as follows:
1. soil pressure-bearing characteristic test
Step 1: utilize the funnel method that sands that simulated soil is injected soil box, simulated soil is loosened, strikes off and compacting, then the density of the apparatus measures simulated soil by soil mechanics begin to test;
Step 2: adjust height and the opening angle of instrument tripod, instrument is put into soil box, make the tripod bottom be absorbed in simulated soil and compacting downwards, with surveyor's staff, tester is proofreaied and correct simultaneously, guarantee that tester is perpendicular to the ground; Switch on power, open XSR70 type recording instrument without paper, adjust date of test, time, data acquiring frequency, when the sensor reading tends towards stability, to the operation of returning to zero of the reading of pressure transducer, then unclamp caging bolt, manually adjust the position of shearing ring/pressing plate, make it slowly descending, by observing, when just having contacted with soil bottom shearing ring/pressing plate, tighten caging bolt, read the test value of displacement transducer this moment by the recording instrument without paper display screen, and it is made as the zero point of shearing ring/pressing plate sinkage;
Step 3: unclamp caging bolt, make shearing ring/pressing plate be absorbed in simulated soil, write down the sinkage of shearing ring/pressing plate this moment, and read the initial reading of pressing/turning round combination sensor; Instrument is progressively loaded counterweight, observe simultaneously the reading of pressing/turning round combination sensor and displacement transducer, when the counterweight gross weight is the 60kg left and right, stop loading; Utilize test figure unloading that USB interface collects recording instrument without paper to USB flash disk, then close recording instrument without paper, counterweight is progressively unloaded from the counterweight seat, tighten caging bolt and instrument is pulled out from simulated soil, clear up tester, and check the intact degree of each parts;
Step 4: in data importing computing machine on USB flash disk, and utilize software that test data is processed and analyzed, draw the pressure of shearing ring/pressing plate-sinkage curve, the shearing ring/pressing plate of same specification is carried out replica test more than 3 times, measured value is averaged; Change the shearing ring/pressing plate of different size, repeat test according to above step, record measurement result;
2. soil shear attribute testing
Step 1: utilize the funnel method that sands that simulated soil is injected soil box, simulated soil is loosened, strikes off and compacting, then the density of the measure analog soil by the soil mechanics instrument begin to test;
Step 2: adjust height and the opening angle of instrument tripod, instrument is put into soil box, make the tripod bottom be absorbed in simulated soil and compacting downwards, with surveyor's staff, tester is proofreaied and correct simultaneously, guarantee that tester is perpendicular to the ground; Switch on power, open XSR70 type recording instrument without paper, adjust date of test, time, data acquiring frequency, when tending towards stability, unclamps the sensor reading caging bolt, pull the torsion spanner cover, the reading of while viewing angle displacement transducer, when being 180 degree left and right, the reading of angular displacement sensor stops pulling, to the reading of pressing/the turning round combination sensor operation of returning to zero, then make shearing ring/pressing plate slowly descending until be absorbed in simulated soil, read the initial value of pressing/turning round combination sensor this moment by the recording instrument without paper display screen;
Step 3: instrument is loaded counterweight, until the pressure at right angle on shearing ring/pressing plate reaches predetermined value; Then pull clockwise the torsion spanner cover, shearing ring/pressing plate is rotated and carry out soil shear, observe simultaneously and record angular displacement sensor and pressure/the turn round reading of combination sensor, when the angular displacement sensor reading is shown as 0 when spending, shearing ring/pressing plate stops the rotation; Utilize test figure unloading that USB interface collects recording instrument without paper to USB flash disk, then close recording instrument without paper, counterweight is progressively unloaded from the counterweight seat, tighten caging bolt and instrument is pulled out from simulated soil, clear up tester, and check the intact degree of each parts;
Step 4: in data importing computing machine on USB flash disk, and utilize software that test data is processed and analyzed, draw the shearing ring shearing moment with the change curve of the anglec of rotation; Repeating step, the predetermined value of change pressure at right angle in step 3, repeating step then, in integrating process of the test, the set point number of predetermined value is no less than 3 times.
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Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104792635A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-07-22 | 成都真颖精工机电设备有限公司 | Soil-hardness meter |
| CN105571953A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-05-11 | 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 | Portable soil measuring test device |
| CN105606466A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-05-25 | 大连理工大学 | Multifunctional shear box for similar material structural surface direct shear test |
| CN106885747A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-23 | 东北农业大学 | Soil injection characteristic measurement method and device based on instantaneous acceleration detection |
| CN106908296A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-30 | 东北农业大学 | Full-automatic soil saturation device |
| CN107560873A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-09 | 天津铭志成科技有限责任公司 | Electric bicycle or electric motorcycle performance test platform seat closing device |
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| CN109382777A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-26 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Arc stud welding bend test multifunctional wrench |
| CN109870259A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-06-11 | 五邑大学 | Equivalent shear stress measurement device between shield screw conveyor and modified dregs |
| CN109946173A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-06-28 | 中国海洋大学 | Geotechnique's compression, large deformation recycle ring shear apparatus |
| CN110160954A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁科技大学 | A kind of single device and method with soil frictional force of measurement plant |
| CN110261254A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-20 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of original position soil parameter measurement instrument and measurement method |
| CN110567819A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-13 | 中南大学 | Method for testing high-temperature compressive yield strength of material |
| CN110595889A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-20 | 中南大学 | Method for testing compressive yield strength of material |
| CN111351700A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-06-30 | 江西农业大学 | Paddy field soil mechanics parameter measuring equipment |
| CN111579366A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-25 | 延安大学 | Soil pressure-bearing and shearing experiment testing device |
| CN111735703A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-02 | 吉林大学 | Portable belleville instrument |
| CN112098630A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lunar soil performance comprehensive test bed and test method |
| CN113324903A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-31 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | Torsional type soil tangential adhesion stress testing device and method |
| CN113338253A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-03 | 上海交通大学 | Mechanical sounding instrument and method for evaluating walking capability of crawler robot seabed |
| CN113702176A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-11-26 | 深圳大学 | Bidirectional electromagnetic loading dynamic compression-shear experimental device and test method |
| CN114076580A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-22 | 南京凡澄自动化有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring road surface excavation position |
| CN115855795A (en) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-03-28 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Lunar soil in-situ mechanical testing method and load testing equipment |
| CN111351700B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2024-09-24 | 江西农业大学 | Paddy field soil mechanics parameter measuring equipment |
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| CN104792635A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-07-22 | 成都真颖精工机电设备有限公司 | Soil-hardness meter |
| CN105606466A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-05-25 | 大连理工大学 | Multifunctional shear box for similar material structural surface direct shear test |
| CN105571953A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-05-11 | 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 | Portable soil measuring test device |
| CN106908296B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2023-06-02 | 东北农业大学 | Full-automatic soil saturator |
| CN106885747A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-23 | 东北农业大学 | Soil injection characteristic measurement method and device based on instantaneous acceleration detection |
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| CN111351700A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-06-30 | 江西农业大学 | Paddy field soil mechanics parameter measuring equipment |
| CN111351700B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2024-09-24 | 江西农业大学 | Paddy field soil mechanics parameter measuring equipment |
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| CN114076580A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-02-22 | 南京凡澄自动化有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring road surface excavation position |
| CN114076580B (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2023-11-21 | 南京凡澄自动化有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring pavement excavation position |
| CN112098630A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Lunar soil performance comprehensive test bed and test method |
| CN113338253A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-03 | 上海交通大学 | Mechanical sounding instrument and method for evaluating walking capability of crawler robot seabed |
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