CN110595889A - Method for testing compressive yield strength of material - Google Patents
Method for testing compressive yield strength of material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110595889A CN110595889A CN201910945453.4A CN201910945453A CN110595889A CN 110595889 A CN110595889 A CN 110595889A CN 201910945453 A CN201910945453 A CN 201910945453A CN 110595889 A CN110595889 A CN 110595889A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
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- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0435—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils modifying the type of the force applied, e.g. the chuck transforms a compressive machine for applying a bending test
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention provides a material compression yield strength test method, which uses a universal testing machine and a compression clamp to carry out a normal temperature compression loading test on a material, wherein the compression clamp comprises an upper propping component, a lower propping component and a commutator connected between an upper connector and a lower connector of the universal testing machine, the commutator comprises an upper pressing block and a lower pressing block, a space for installing a sample is kept between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block along the stretching direction of the universal testing machine, the value of the space can be adjusted, the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block clamp the sample in a mode that a triangular prism-shaped positioning hole is matched with the propping component to prop the sample along the radial direction of the sample, the method of the invention thickens the diameter of a rod-shaped sample, delays the time for obviously bending the sample, ensures the safety of a testing machine and the operation process, changes the end part of the sample into a smooth cylindrical surface structure from a thread structure, the steps required for processing the sample to a finished product are reduced, and the centering performance of the sample can be enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compressive yield strength test device and an operation method thereof, in particular to a material compressive yield strength test method.
Background
With the rapid development of the industry in China, the material forming technology is also continuously improved, the normal-temperature compressive yield strength test of the material is a common test item for verifying the normal-temperature compressive yield strength of the material, and the conditions that the normal-temperature compressive yield strength test needs to be carried out on the material are more, and the following two conditions are common:
first, the creep-age forming technique is a main forming technique for large panels such as airplanes and rockets, and after creep-age forming of materials such as aluminum alloys, in order to examine the influence of the creep-age process on the material properties, the influence of different creep-age conditions on samples is generally determined from the yield strength of the samples at room temperature after the creep-age forming test process, with respect to the yield strength of the samples at room temperature.
Secondly, under the condition that the mechanical property of a tester to a certain material is uncertain, the tester needs to perform a room-temperature compressive yield strength test on the material so as to determine the maximum loading force which can be borne by the material at room temperature.
In the prior art, a normal-temperature compression yield strength test of a material is generally performed in a universal testing machine, the lower end of an upper connector of the universal testing machine is connected with an upper jaw seat, the upper end of a lower connector of the universal testing machine is connected with a lower jaw seat, the upper end and the lower end of a sample are respectively clamped and fixed by jaws of the upper jaw seat and the lower jaw seat, a rod-shaped sample is generally used in the conventional normal-temperature compression yield strength test, external threads are arranged at two ends of the rod-shaped sample, the universal testing machine is provided with a chuck special for the threaded rod-shaped sample, the chuck is provided with internal threads matched with the external threads of the rod-shaped sample, and after the chucks are installed at two ends of the rod.
Because the sample is screwed with the chuck through the threads, and an installation gap also exists when the threads are screwed, the sample still has the possibility of slight left-right shaking in the compression process, the stability and the centering property are not good enough, the left deformation and the right deformation of the sample in the normal-temperature compressive yield strength test process have certain difference, if the difference is large, the accuracy of test data can be influenced, and the sample is bent when not reaching the yield point, so that the accurate normal-temperature compressive yield strength and the high-temperature stress-strain curve of the material cannot be obtained. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a better solution to this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the compressive yield strength of a material, which aims to solve the problems in the background art.
A material compression yield strength test method comprises the steps of carrying out a normal-temperature compression loading test on a material by using a universal testing machine and a compression clamp;
the compression clamp comprises a first jacking component, a second jacking component and a commutator connected between an upper connector and a lower connector of the universal testing machine, the commutator comprises an upper pressing block and a lower pressing block, a distance for mounting a sample is kept between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block along the stretching direction of the universal testing machine, the distance value can be adjusted, the distance can be reduced and used for providing compression loading operation for the sample, and the distance can be increased and used for dismounting the sample;
the bottom surface of the upper pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped upper positioning hole for the upper end of a sample to extend into, the top surface of the lower pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped lower positioning hole for the lower end of the sample to extend into, the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are aligned along the axial direction of a connector of the universal testing machine and have the same position, contour and size, the inner surfaces of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are smooth surfaces, and the diameter of an inscribed cylinder of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole is larger than that of the end part of the sample to be extended into;
the side wall of the upper pressing block is provided with an upper fastening hole penetrating from the outside to the upper positioning hole, the axis of the upper fastening hole is intersected with one side edge of the upper positioning hole, the upper fastening hole is internally provided with a first jacking component, the first jacking component is used for abutting against the outer wall of the upper end of the sample along the axial direction of the upper fastening hole so that the upper end of the sample is attached to the other two side walls of the upper positioning hole to form a tangential position relation and is locked, and the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersected with the axis of the upper fastening hole;
the side wall of the lower pressure block is provided with a lower fastening hole penetrating from the outside to the lower positioning hole, the axis of the lower fastening hole is intersected with one side edge of the lower positioning hole, a second jacking part is arranged in the lower fastening hole and used for abutting against the outer wall of the lower end of the sample along the axial direction of the lower fastening hole, so that the lower end of the sample is attached to two side walls of the lower positioning hole to form a tangential position relation and is locked, and the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersected with the axis of the lower fastening hole;
the axial leads of the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole are positioned in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the connector of the universal testing machine, so that when the upper end and the lower end of the sample are respectively abutted against the tail ends of the first abutting part and the second abutting part and are respectively tangent to the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole, the upper end and the lower end of the sample are also just positioned in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the connector of the universal testing machine, thereby realizing the centering of the sample and preventing the sample from being bent too early in a compression test;
the compression clamp is used for carrying out a normal-temperature compression yield strength test, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1) detaching an upper jaw seat and a lower jaw seat connected between an upper connector and a lower connector of the universal testing machine, connecting the commutator between the upper connector and the lower connector of the universal testing machine, fully or partially extending the upper end of the sample into the upper positioning hole, or fully or partially extending the lower end of the sample into the lower positioning hole, and adjusting the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block to enable the upper end and the lower end of the sample to respectively abut against the bottom surfaces of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole;
s2) operating the first tightening part and the second tightening part to lock the upper end and the lower end of the sample, and respectively installing an upper extension rod group and a lower extension rod group for measuring the deformation at the upper lug and the lower lug of the locked sample;
s3) carrying out a normal temperature compressive yield strength test on the sample in a universal testing machine, starting a tensile loading mechanism of the universal testing machine, converting tensile force into compressive force through the commutator, carrying out compressive loading on the sample, namely loading the sample at normal temperature, wherein the magnitude of the loading force does not set an upper limit, observing whether the sample is obviously bent or not in the loading process, keeping the continuous increase of the loading force, indicating that the sample is close to a yield limit value when the sample is observed to be obviously bent and a stress-strain curve obtained by the universal testing machine becomes flatter, manually stopping the tensile loading mechanism of the universal testing machine, stopping the loading, and taking the minimum stress value corresponding to the stress-strain curve in a flat section as the compressive yield strength value of the material at normal temperature.
Preferably, the outer walls of the upper end and the lower end of the sample, which are used for extending into the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole, are set to be smooth cylindrical surfaces.
Preferably, the strain amount corresponding to the minimum stress value corresponding to the gentle section of the stress-strain curve is greater than 0.2%.
Preferably, the outer walls of the two ends of the sample are smooth cylindrical structures, so that the contact area between the two ends of the sample and the upper and lower positioning holes is increased, and the clamping firmness is increased;
preferably, the axis of the upper fastening hole is vertically intersected with one side edge of the upper positioning hole, and the axis of the lower fastening hole is vertically intersected with one side edge of the lower positioning hole.
Furthermore, the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole are threaded holes with internal threads, the first jacking component and the second jacking component are bolts or screws with external threads, and the first jacking component and the second jacking component are screwed in the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole towards the direction close to the sample respectively to fasten the sample respectively.
Preferably, the depths of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are less than or equal to the length of the end part of the sample to be inserted, and the depths of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are greater than or equal to 1/2 of the length of the end part of the sample to be inserted, so that the clamping firmness is ensured, and the connection between the upper lug and the lower lug of the sample and the extension device is not influenced.
The commutator further comprises an upper guide rod, a lower guide rod, an upper stretching rod and an upper connecting block which are positioned above the upper pressing block, and a lower stretching rod and a lower connecting block which are positioned below the lower pressing block, wherein the upper end of the upper stretching rod is used for connecting an upper connector of a universal testing machine, the lower end of the upper stretching rod is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block, the lower end of the lower stretching rod is used for connecting a lower connector of the universal testing machine, the upper end of the lower stretching rod is fixedly connected with the lower connecting block, the upper guide rod sequentially penetrates through guide holes formed in the upper connecting block, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate from top to bottom, the middle part of the upper guide rod penetrates through the guide hole formed in the upper pressing block, the upper end of the upper guide rod is provided with a shaft shoulder, the end of the upper guide rod is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block through a first nut, and the lower; the lower guide rod sequentially penetrates through guide holes formed in the lower connecting block, the lower pressing plate and the upper pressing plate from bottom to top, the middle part of the lower guide rod is arranged in the guide hole formed in the lower pressing block in a penetrating mode, the upper end of the lower guide rod is connected with a third nut after penetrating through the guide hole in the upper pressing block, and the lower end of the lower guide rod is provided with a shaft shoulder and is fixedly connected with the lower connecting block through the fourth nut. The upper pressing block and the lower pressing block can slide relative to the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod, and the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block for mounting the sample can be manually adjusted.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the thread connection of the existing compression clamp and the sample is changed into tangential fitting, and the influence of the thread connection gap on the centering of the sample is effectively avoided by combining a locking mode of radial jacking. The improved compression clamp is used, so that the problems that the sample is poor in centering performance and stability due to the installation gap between the sample and an original clamp in the process of testing the normal-temperature compression performance of the sample on a universal testing machine, the sample is bent before reaching a yield point, and accurate compression yield strength values and stress strain curves cannot be obtained are solved. The invention is mainly applied to the test of measuring uniaxial compression performance, and can solve the following problems:
1. the improved compression clamp is used for replacing the existing compression clamp, the parallelism of the sample and the center of the compression clamp is optimized, the centering performance of the sample in the compression performance testing process is optimized, the problem that the test time cannot meet the test requirement due to the fact that the sample is easy to bend at high temperature is solved to a certain extent, the time point when the sample is bent obviously is effectively delayed, the effectiveness of test data is greatly improved, and a more comprehensive test result is provided for the research of material performance.
2. The accuracy and repeatability of test measurement data are good, the phenomena that when the conventional clamp is used, the data volume is small, accurate data cannot be obtained, and repeated tests are needed are avoided, the test steps are simplified, the test time is saved, the use amount of samples and the use times of machines are greatly reduced, and the device is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
3. The invention also changes the external thread structure at the two ends of the prior rod-shaped sample into a smooth cylindrical structure for extending into the upper and lower positioning holes, thereby increasing the contact area between the sample and the positioning holes, enhancing the clamping firmness of the sample, reducing the steps required by processing the sample to a finished product, saving labor and cost, and more importantly, enhancing the centering property of the sample and improving the repeatability of the test and the accuracy of test data.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a view showing an overall installation structure of a compression jig according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view of a compression clamp of a preferred embodiment of the present invention in a specimen clamping position;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional internal view of a compression clamp of a preferred embodiment of the present invention in a specimen clamping position;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the effect of the installation of the room temperature compressive yield strength test using the compression jig according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a stress-strain curve diagram obtained from a first set of room temperature compressive yield strength tests performed on a conventional universal tester original fixture under the same test conditions for two times;
FIG. 6 is a stress-strain plot from a second set of room temperature compressive yield strength tests conducted under the same test conditions using the material compressive yield strength test method of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-upper pressing block, 11-upper positioning hole, 12-upper fastening hole, 13-upper guide rod, 14-upper stretching rod, 15-upper connecting block, 16-first nut, 17-third nut, 2-lower pressing block, 21-lower positioning hole, 22-lower fastening hole, 23-lower guide rod, 24-lower stretching rod, 25-lower connecting block, 26-second nut, 27-fourth nut, 3-sample, 31-upper lug, 32-lower lug, 4-first tightening part, 5-second tightening part, 6-upper stretching rod group, 7-lower stretching rod group, 8-hoop and 9-displacement sensor.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for testing compressive yield strength of a material includes performing a normal temperature compressive loading test on the material by using a universal testing machine and a compression clamp;
the compression clamp comprises a first abutting part 4, a second abutting part 5 and a commutator for connecting between an upper connector and a lower connector (namely the upper connector and the lower connector, not shown in the figure) of the universal testing machine, wherein the commutator comprises an upper pressing block 1 and a lower pressing block 2, a space for installing a sample 3 is kept between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block along the stretching direction of the universal testing machine, the value of the space can be adjusted, the space can be reduced and used for providing compression loading operation for the sample, and the space can be enlarged and used for detaching the sample 3; in this embodiment, the outer walls of the two ends of the sample 3 are smooth cylindrical structures. When the compression clamp is used, the universal testing machine is set to be in a stretching mode, and the loading force of the test sample obtained through the commutator is the compression loading force.
The bottom surface of the upper pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped upper positioning hole 11 for the upper end of a sample to extend into, the top surface of the lower pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped lower positioning hole 21 for the lower end of the sample to extend into, the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are aligned along the axial direction of a connector of the universal testing machine and have the same position, contour and size, the inner surfaces of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are smooth, and the diameter of inscribed circles of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole is larger than that of the end part of the sample to be extended into, so that the end part of the sample;
in this embodiment, the cross sections of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are both regular triangles.
An upper fastening hole 12 penetrating from the outside to the upper positioning hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the upper positioning hole, of the side wall of the upper pressing block, the axis of the upper fastening hole is intersected with one side edge of the upper positioning hole, a first jacking component 4 is arranged in the upper fastening hole, the tail end of the first jacking component abuts against the outer wall of the upper end of the rod-shaped sample along the axial direction of the upper fastening hole, the upper threaded end of the rod-shaped sample is attached to the other two side walls of the upper positioning hole to form a tangential position relation, and the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersected with the axis of the upper fastening hole;
a lower fastening hole 22 penetrating from the outside to the lower positioning hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the lower positioning hole, of the side wall of the lower pressing block, the shaft axis of the lower fastening hole is intersected with one side edge of the lower positioning hole, a second jacking part 5 is arranged in the lower fastening hole, the tail end of the second jacking part abuts against the outer wall of the lower end of the rod-shaped sample along the axial direction of the lower fastening hole, the lower threaded end of the rod-shaped sample is attached to two side walls of the lower positioning hole to form a tangential position relation, and the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersected with the shaft axis of the lower fastening hole;
in this embodiment, the axial leads of the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole are arranged along the horizontal direction and are located in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the connector of the universal testing machine, so that when the upper end and the lower end of the sample are respectively abutted by the first abutting part and the second abutting part and are respectively tangent to the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole, the upper end and the lower end of the sample are also just located in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the connector of the universal testing machine, thereby realizing the centering of the sample and preventing the sample from being too early bent in the compression loading test.
In this embodiment, the axis of the upper fastening hole perpendicularly intersects with one prismatic surface of the upper positioning hole, the side edge opposite to the prismatic surface also perpendicularly intersects with the axis of the upper fastening hole, the axis of the lower fastening hole perpendicularly intersects with one prismatic surface of the lower positioning hole, and the side edge opposite to the prismatic surface also perpendicularly intersects with the axis of the lower fastening hole.
In this embodiment, the depth of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole is equal to the length of the end part of the sample to be inserted, so as to ensure the clamping firmness, and the connection between the upper lug and the lower lug of the sample and the extension device is not affected.
In this embodiment, the commutator further includes an upper guide rod 13, a lower guide rod 23, an upper stretching rod 14 and an upper connecting block 15 which are located above the upper pressing block, a lower stretching rod 24 and a lower connecting block 25 which are located below the lower pressing block, the upper end of the upper stretching rod is used for connecting an upper connector of the universal testing machine, the lower end of the upper stretching rod is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block, the lower end of the lower stretching rod is used for connecting a lower connector of the universal testing machine, the upper end of the lower stretching rod is fixedly connected with the lower connecting block, the upper guide rod sequentially penetrates through guide holes formed in the upper connecting block, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate from top to bottom, the middle portion of the upper guide rod penetrates through the guide hole formed in the upper pressing block, the upper end of the upper guide rod is provided with a shaft shoulder, the end of the upper guide rod is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block through a first nut 16. The lower guide rod sequentially penetrates through guide holes formed in the lower connecting block, the lower pressing plate and the upper pressing plate from bottom to top, the middle part of the lower guide rod penetrates through the guide holes formed in the lower pressing block, the upper end of the lower guide rod is connected with a third nut 17 after penetrating through the guide holes in the upper pressing block, and the lower end of the lower guide rod is provided with a shaft shoulder and is fixedly connected with the lower connecting block through a fourth nut 27. The upper pressing block and the lower pressing block can slide relative to the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod, and the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block for installing the sample 3 can be manually adjusted.
In this embodiment, the first tightening member and the second tightening member both use bolts with hexagonal holes.
The compression clamp is used for carrying out a normal-temperature compression yield strength test, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1) detaching an upper jaw seat and a lower jaw seat connected between an upper connector and a lower connector of the universal testing machine, connecting the commutator between the upper connector and the lower connector of the universal testing machine, fully or partially extending the upper end of the sample into the upper positioning hole, or fully or partially extending the lower end of the sample into the lower positioning hole, and adjusting the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block to enable the upper end and the lower end of the sample to respectively abut against the bottom surfaces of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole;
s2) operating the first jacking component and the second jacking component to lock the upper end and the lower end of the sample, locking the two ends of the sample in the positioning of the triangular prism by utilizing a jacking type radial stress locking method, and completing the connection of the sample and the commutator at the moment, wherein the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are completely parallel, and the sample and the commutator cannot shake left and right in the installation process, so that the parallelism of the sample and a compression clamp is well ensured, the phenomenon that the sample deforms asymmetrically left and right in the compression normal temperature compression yield strength test process is reduced, the accuracy of test data is higher, and the stability of the sample is better due to the good centering property, and the problem that the sample is easy to bend at a higher stress level is solved;
an upper extension rod group 6 and a lower extension rod group 7 for measuring deformation are respectively arranged at the upper lug 31 and the lower lug 32 of the locked sample, the upper extension rod group 6 and the lower extension rod group 7 respectively comprise a left extension rod and a right extension rod, and the left extension rod and the right extension rod are respectively positioned at the radial left side and the radial right side of the sample and are fixed at the lugs of the sample through a hoop 8; a displacement sensor 9 is connected below the left and right Shen extension rods to measure deformation data of the sample in real time;
and setting test parameters of the universal tester, test steps and data sampling frequency of each step. In the present invention, the test mode of the universal tester is a room temperature bar tensile test mode, and the direction is set to the tensile direction.
S3) carrying out a normal temperature compressive yield strength test on the sample in a universal testing machine, starting a tensile loading mechanism of the universal testing machine, converting tensile force into compressive force through the commutator, carrying out compressive loading on the sample, namely loading the sample at normal temperature, wherein the magnitude of the loading force does not set an upper limit, observing whether the sample is obviously bent or not in the loading process, keeping the continuous increase of the loading force, indicating that the sample is close to a yield limit value when the sample is observed to be obviously bent and a stress-strain curve obtained by the universal testing machine becomes flatter, manually stopping the tensile loading mechanism of the universal testing machine, stopping the loading, and taking the minimum stress value corresponding to the stress-strain curve in a flat section as the compressive yield strength value of the material at normal temperature.
After the test is finished, detailed deformation data including left deformation, right deformation, average deformation and relative elongation can be obtained from a PC display screen of the universal testing machine. The contact ratio of the left deformation and the right deformation along with the time change curve is an important reference for judging the deformation uniformity of the sample and whether the sample is bent, if the left deformation and the right deformation are basically consistent, the deformation of the sample is relatively uniform and basically not bent, and the data accuracy is high at the moment, so that the method can be used for subsequent scientific analysis.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the compression clamp on the aspects of the centering property and the stability of a sample, the compression clamp is used for testing the room-temperature tensile mechanical property of the material by using a SUST-CMT5105 universal testing machine produced by Zhuhai Sansitaitaijie electrical equipment, and the tensile speed is set to be 2mm/min in the experimental loading process. In the clamping process, the vertical centering is kept as much as possible, after the clamping is finished, the extensometer is placed in the sample gauge length, a computer connected with the performance testing machine can obtain the sample deformation measured by the extensometer in real time, the later experimental data are calculated by the computer on the basis, and the compression experiment is carried out until the sample is obviously bent. The deformation quantity of the sample is transmitted to the displacement sensor for reading through the left and right extension rods of the upper extension rod group and the lower extension rod group. Wherein the displacement sensor is a grating linear displacement sensor with the precision of 5 multiplied by 10-4mm. The yield strength and the tensile strength of the alloy can be directly obtained from a universal testing machine through checking the experimental result. And measuring the gauge length of the sample before and after compression to obtain the elongation of the alloy material.
Carry out normal atmospheric temperature compression yield strength contrast test with above-mentioned universal tester, the experiment divide into two sets ofly, and the sample that four groups of experiments used is the 2219 aluminum alloy sample that the state is the same completely, wherein:
the first group of normal temperature compression yield strength tests with the same test conditions are carried out twice by using an original clamp of the existing universal testing machine (the original clamp of the universal testing machine is a clamp with an upper jaw seat and a lower jaw seat described in the background technology) and a sample with the diameter of a gauge length section with two threaded ends being 5mm, wherein the test conditions are as follows: the test temperature is normal temperature (namely room temperature), the pretightening force is 200N, and the stretching speed is 2 mm/min;
and the second group of samples with the diameter of the gauge length section of the smooth cylindrical structure at two ends being 5mm are subjected to two times of identical normal-temperature compressive yield strength tests by using the compression clamp, and the test conditions are identical to those of the first group of test conditions.
Referring to fig. 5, in the first set of two tests, the original fixture of the existing universal testing machine is used for carrying out a normal-temperature compressive yield strength test on a sample with a gauge length section diameter of 5mm, test 1 and test 2 are obviously bent at the time points of 36S and 34S respectively, and the two samples are obviously bent just before approaching the yield strength limit value, which indicates that the sample is not well aligned by using the existing fixture, the stress-strain curves of the two samples do not have obvious gentle sections, a tester can stop the universal testing machine immediately when reading the yield strength value, otherwise, the upper jaw seat and the lower jaw seat of the universal testing machine have the risk of collision, and the samples of the first set of two tests are obviously bent just before approaching the yield strength limit value, so that the obtained compressive yield strength value is accurate or not, and a certain uncertainty also exists, analysis of the test data poses great difficulty, and therefore, the test data can be determined only by repeated test verification.
Referring to fig. 6, in the second set of two tests, the compression fixture of the present invention is used to perform two completely identical room temperature compressive yield strength tests on a sample with a gauge length section diameter of 5mm and two smooth cylindrical structures at two ends, the stress-strain curves of the two samples are highly overlapped from the beginning stage of the sample to the whole yield stage, the sample of test 1 is significantly bent in the 65 th second, the sample of test 2 is significantly bent in the 71 th second, and the time is also satisfied, and the stress-strain curves of the two samples have a long period of gentle section, so that the data reading certainty is good, repeated tests are not needed, the sample is not bent too early to affect the reading and analysis of the test data, and most importantly, the sample centering performance is good, and the centering performance of the sample is significantly improved.
From the data, compared with the existing compression clamp, the compression clamp represented by the second group has the advantages that the error of test data is obviously reduced, the repeatability of the test data is high, more accurate test data can be determined by generally performing two times of same tests, the time is saved, and the precision is improved.
In addition, in the two groups of test processes, the inventor finds that the existing compression clamp still slightly shakes after the test sample is installed because the test sample is in clearance connection with the commutator in the test sample installation process, the deformation quantity of the test sample is large in the high-temperature compression yield strength test, if the centering performance of the test sample is poor in the installation process, the difference of the left deformation quantity and the right deformation quantity is gradually increased along with the loading time, the test sample is easy to bend, even if the slight shaking has great influence on the left deformation and the right deformation of the test sample, and therefore, a tester needs to ensure the accuracy of data as much as possible by means of visual inspection of the parallelism of the test sample and the compression clamp. Therefore, the data measured by the existing compression clamp is not high enough in precision, and only a rough data range and a test rule can be obtained.
The improved compression clamp assembly does not need testers to rely on visual inspection in the process of installing the test sample, is simple in installation operation, has high accuracy of test data, can basically achieve specific numerical values, avoids repeated operation of tests, greatly shortens test time, enlarges test stress range, and provides reliable guarantee for scientific researchers to carry out high-precision data analysis and theoretical research. Meanwhile, the using amount of the sample is greatly reduced, the using amount and the processing cost of materials are effectively saved, and the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection is met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A material compression yield strength test method is characterized by comprising the steps of carrying out a normal-temperature compression loading test on a material by using a universal testing machine and a compression clamp;
the compression clamp comprises a first jacking component (4), a second jacking component (5) and a commutator connected between an upper connector and a lower connector of the universal testing machine, wherein the commutator comprises an upper pressing block (1) and a lower pressing block (2), a distance for mounting a sample (3) is kept between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block along the stretching direction of the universal testing machine, the distance value can be adjusted, the distance can be reduced and used for providing compression loading operation for the sample, and the distance can be increased and used for dismounting the sample;
the bottom surface of the upper pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped upper positioning hole (11) for the upper end of a sample to extend into, the top surface of the lower pressing block is provided with a triangular prism-shaped lower positioning hole (21) for the lower end of the sample to extend into, the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are aligned along the axial direction of a connector of the universal testing machine and have the same position, contour and size, the inner surfaces of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are smooth surfaces, and the diameter of an inscribed cylinder of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole is larger than that of the end part of the sample to be extended into;
an upper fastening hole (12) penetrating from the outside to the upper positioning hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the upper positioning hole, of the side wall of the upper pressing block, the axis of the upper fastening hole is intersected with one side edge of the upper positioning hole, a first jacking component (4) is arranged in the upper fastening hole, the first jacking component is used for abutting against the outer wall of the upper end of the sample along the axial direction of the upper fastening hole, the upper end of the sample is attached to the other two side walls of the upper positioning hole to form a tangential position relation and is locked, and the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersected with the axis of the upper fastening hole;
a lower fastening hole (22) penetrating from the outside to the lower positioning hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the lower positioning hole, of the side wall of the lower pressing block, the shaft axis of the lower fastening hole is intersected with one side edge of the lower positioning hole, a second jacking part (5) is arranged in the lower fastening hole, the second jacking part is used for abutting against the outer wall of the lower end of the sample along the axial direction of the lower fastening hole, the lower end of the sample is attached to two side walls of the lower positioning hole to form a tangential position relation and is locked, and the intersection line of the two side walls is the side edge intersected with the shaft axis of the lower fastening hole;
the axial leads of the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole are positioned in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the connector of the universal testing machine, so that when the upper end and the lower end of the sample are respectively abutted against the tail ends of the first abutting part and the second abutting part and are respectively tangent to the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole, the upper end and the lower end of the sample are also just positioned in the same plane parallel to the axial direction of the connector of the universal testing machine, thereby realizing the centering of the sample and preventing the sample from being bent too early in a compression test;
the compression clamp is used for carrying out a normal-temperature compression yield strength test, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1) detaching an upper jaw seat and a lower jaw seat connected between an upper connector and a lower connector of the universal testing machine, connecting the commutator between the upper connector and the lower connector of the universal testing machine, fully or partially extending the upper end of the sample into the upper positioning hole, or fully or partially extending the lower end of the sample into the lower positioning hole, and adjusting the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block to enable the upper end and the lower end of the sample to respectively abut against the bottom surfaces of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole;
s2) operating the first tightening part and the second tightening part to lock the upper end and the lower end of the sample, and respectively installing an upper extension rod group (6) and a lower extension rod group (7) for measuring the deformation at the upper lug boss (31/32) and the lower lug boss (31/32) of the locked sample;
s3) carrying out a normal temperature compressive yield strength test on the sample in a universal testing machine, starting a tensile loading mechanism of the universal testing machine, converting tensile force into compressive force through the commutator, carrying out compressive loading on the sample, namely loading the sample at normal temperature, wherein the magnitude of the loading force does not set an upper limit, observing whether the sample is obviously bent or not in the loading process, keeping the continuous increase of the loading force, indicating that the sample is close to a yield limit value when the sample is observed to be obviously bent and a stress-strain curve obtained by the universal testing machine becomes flatter, manually stopping the tensile loading mechanism of the universal testing machine, stopping the loading, and taking the minimum stress value corresponding to the stress-strain curve in a flat section as the compressive yield strength value of the material at normal temperature.
2. The method for testing the compressive yield strength of a material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer walls of the upper end and the lower end of the test specimen, which are used for extending into the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole, are provided with smooth cylindrical surfaces.
3. The method for testing the compressive yield strength of a material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the minimum stress value of the stress-strain curve corresponding to the flat section corresponds to a strain amount greater than 0.2%.
4. The method for testing the compressive yield strength of a material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the axis of the upper fastening hole is perpendicularly intersected with one side edge of the upper positioning hole, and the axis of the lower fastening hole is perpendicularly intersected with one side edge of the lower positioning hole.
5. The method for testing the compressive yield strength of the material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole are threaded holes with internal threads, the first tightening member and the second tightening member are bolts or screws with external threads, and the first tightening member and the second tightening member are respectively screwed in the upper fastening hole and the lower fastening hole towards the direction close to the sample to respectively fasten the sample.
6. The method for testing the compressive yield strength of the material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depths of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are less than or equal to the length of the end part to be extended into the sample, and the depths of the upper positioning hole and the lower positioning hole are greater than or equal to 1/2 of the length of the end part to be extended into the sample, so as to ensure the clamping firmness and not to influence the connection between the upper lug and the lower lug of the sample and the extension device.
7. The material compression yield strength test method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the commutator further comprises an upper guide rod (13), a lower guide rod (23), an upper stretching rod (14) and an upper connecting block (15) which are positioned above the upper pressing block, and a lower stretching rod (24) and a lower connecting block (25) which are positioned below the lower pressing block, wherein the upper end of the upper stretching rod is used for connecting an upper connector of a universal testing machine, the lower end of the upper stretching rod is fixedly connected with the upper connecting block, the lower end of the lower stretching rod is used for connecting a lower connector of the universal testing machine, the upper end of the lower stretching rod is fixedly connected with the lower connecting block, the upper guide rod sequentially penetrates through guide holes arranged on the upper connecting block, the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block from top to bottom, the middle part of the upper guide rod penetrates through the guide hole arranged on the upper pressing block, the upper end of the upper guide rod is provided with a shaft shoulder, and the end of the upper guide rod is fixedly, the lower end of the upper guide rod penetrates through a guide hole in the lower pressing block and then is connected with a second nut (26); the lower guide rod sequentially penetrates through the lower connecting block, the lower pressing plate and a guide hole formed in the upper pressing plate from bottom to top, the middle part of the lower guide rod penetrates through the guide hole formed in the lower pressing block, the upper end of the lower guide rod is connected with a third nut (17) after penetrating through the guide hole formed in the upper pressing block, the lower end of the lower guide rod is provided with a shaft shoulder, and the lower end of the lower guide rod is fixedly connected with the lower connecting block through a fourth nut (27); the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block can slide relative to the upper guide rod and the lower guide rod, and the distance between the upper pressing block and the lower pressing block for installing the sample (3) can be manually adjusted.
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