CN111735703A - Portable belleville instrument - Google Patents
Portable belleville instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN111735703A CN111735703A CN202010720876.9A CN202010720876A CN111735703A CN 111735703 A CN111735703 A CN 111735703A CN 202010720876 A CN202010720876 A CN 202010720876A CN 111735703 A CN111735703 A CN 111735703A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a portable Belleville instrument, which comprises: the system comprises a test system, a data acquisition and control system and a rack; the test system comprises a linear electric cylinder, a normal force sensor, a servo motor, a speed reducer, a torque sensor, a rotating shaft, a pressing plate and a track shoe, and is used for measuring the bearing characteristic and the shearing characteristic of soil; the control and data acquisition system comprises: the controller and the data acquisition unit are used for controlling the test system to test and acquiring parameters after the test; the frame includes: supporting leg, bottom are dull and stereotyped, two layers of frames, top layer are dull and stereotyped, guiding axle, guide sleeve, door type frame, frame end cover: the bottom flat plate is welded with the supporting legs; linear electric cylinders are carried on the bottom layer flat plate and the top layer flat plate; and a part of the test system is carried on the two-layer flat plate. Meanwhile, the test bed is small in size, light in weight, simple to operate, stable in operation and safe and reliable in performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surface soil mechanical parameter testing, in particular to a portable Belleville instrument.
Background
In recent years, with the further development of scientific technology, the research and study of unknown fields are more and more intensive, and among these research and study, the ground mechanics study is the most basic. The discipline of ground mechanics is mainly to study the process of the interaction of the machine with the soil during its operation, and the essential parameter to be understood is the nature of the soil itself. The soil bearing characteristic and the soil shearing characteristic are two important characteristics of soil, wherein the bearing characteristic of the soil refers to the relationship between the ground vertical deformation and the normal stress generated by the ground vertical deformation. Meanwhile, the maximum traction force which can be generated when the machine runs on the ground is limited by the tangential shear strength of soil, so that the shear property of the soil is the most important characteristic which influences the ground trafficability of mobile machines such as automobiles and the like. There are many tools for measuring the above characteristics, of which the berkowster is the most commonly used one, and the berkowster measures the normal stress applied to a certain sinking pressing plate to obtain the bearing characteristics of the soil and the shearing characteristics of the soil under the sinking by measuring the shearing force of the soil. The Belleville meter has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation and suitability for original shape test in the field. But present bei shi appearance is too big, and weight is heavier, carries inconveniently, is not suitable for the laboratory environment, and the test needs to change the clamp plate many times simultaneously, and the test process is loaded down with trivial details. A new type of portable belleville instrument was designed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose is to solve the defects of heavy mass, large volume and complicated test steps of the prior Belleville instrument. The invention provides a portable Belleville instrument. The test bed can measure the normal stress of soil under the action of different pressing plates and the subsidence data under the action of the normal stress, obtain the bearing characteristic of the soil according to the obtained data and the first formula, and calculate the bearing characteristic parameter (k) of the soilc、
n) and can draw a soil bearing characteristic curve. Meanwhile, the test bed can measure a torque value and a subsidence value of soil under a certain normal force action, and the soil shearing characteristic is obtained by combining the obtained data with the second, third, fourth and fifth formulas, so that a soil shearing characteristic parameter (K) is obtained and a soil shearing characteristic curve can be drawn. This portable bei shi appearance has reduced the volume and the quality of bei shi appearance greatly when guaranteeing power owing to used present more advanced straight line electric jar and servo motor as drive arrangement now. In addition, because three groups of servo motors are designed, the frequency of replacing the pressing plate can be reduced, the test efficiency is improved, and the error is reduced. The test bed has the characteristics of convenience in operation, small volume, light weight and convenience in carrying.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a portable Belleville meter comprises a testing system, a control and data acquisition system and a rack. The testing system comprises a linear electric cylinder, a normal force sensor, a servo motor, a speed reducer, a torque sensor, a rotating shaft, a pressing plate and a track shoe; wherein the two linear electric cylinders are arranged on the bottom flat plate; one end of the normal force sensor is connected with the linear electric cylinder, and the other end of the normal force sensor is connected with the pressing plate and is responsible for measuring the soil pressure-bearing characteristic. A linear electric cylinder is arranged on the top flat plate; one end of the normal force sensor is connected with the linear electric cylinder, and the other end of the normal force sensor is connected with the door-shaped frame; the servo motor is connected with the speed reducer in a matching way; one end of the speed reducer is connected with the servo motor, the other end of the speed reducer is connected with the torque sensor, and meanwhile the speed reducer is connected with the rack through a bolt; one end of the torque sensor is matched with the speed reducer, and the other end of the torque sensor is matched with the rotating shaft; one end of the rotating shaft is matched with the torque sensor, and the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with the track shoe and is responsible for measuring the soil shearing characteristic.
Furthermore, the control and data acquisition system comprises a controller and a data acquisition unit; the controller is connected with the linear electric cylinder and the servo motor and is responsible for controlling the linear electric cylinder to move up and down so as to apply normal force to soil and controlling the servo motor to drive the rotating shaft to rotate so as to provide shearing stress; the data acquisition unit is connected with the normal force sensor and the torque sensor and is responsible for acquiring data acquired by the sensors.
Furthermore, the frame comprises supporting legs, a bottom flat plate, a two-layer frame, a top flat plate, a guide shaft, a door-shaped frame, a guide shaft sleeve and a frame end cover; the supporting legs are welded with the bottom flat plate; the door-shaped frame is connected with the second-layer frame; the guide shaft is connected with the bottom layer flat plate, the second layer rack, the top layer flat plate and the guide shaft sleeve, and plays a role in guiding the movement of the control system up and down.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the linear electric cylinder, the servo electric cylinder and the like are used, so that the volume and the mass of the Belleville instrument are greatly reduced, the designed portable Belleville instrument can be conveniently carried, and meanwhile, the portable Belleville instrument is conveniently arranged under the laboratory condition.
2. Two sets of linear electric cylinder mechanisms are designed, so that the bearing characteristics of the soil under the action of different pressing plates can be tested, and the test errors caused by frequent replacement of the pressing plates are reduced.
3. When the soil shearing characteristic does not need to be measured, the soil shearing characteristic can be changed into a soil pressure bearing characteristic measuring part for measurement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of the portable belleville instrument of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-testing system, 2-control and data acquisition system, 3-frame, 11-linear electric cylinder, 12-normal force sensor-, 13-servo motor, 14-reducer, 15-torque sensor, 16-rotating shaft, 17-pressing plate, 18-track plate, 31-supporting leg, 32-bottom plate, 33-two-layer frame, 34-top plate, 35-door frame, 36-guiding shaft sleeve and 37-guiding shaft.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be constructed as a limitation of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a portable berkowster comprises a test system 1, a control and data acquisition system 2 and a rack 3; the test system 1 can measure the soil bearing characteristic by measuring the normal force and the normal subsidence, and can measure the soil shearing characteristic by measuring the shearing stress, the normal force, the normal subsidence and the tangential displacement; the control and data acquisition system 2 is responsible for controlling the test system to test and acquiring data of the sensor through the acquisition system. The frame 3 is responsible for connecting the components in the test system 1 and the control and data acquisition system 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the testing system 1 includes a linear electric cylinder 11, a normal force sensor 12, a servo motor 13, a speed reducer 14, a torque sensor 15, a rotating shaft 16, and a track shoe 18; including all of the mechanisms in the housing 3 shown in fig. 2; an output shaft of the servo motor 13 is in interference fit with an input end of the speed reducer 14, and a flange plate between the output shaft and the input end is connected through a bolt; the output end of the speed reducer 14 is in interference fit with the input end of the torque sensor 15; the lower end of the torque sensor 15 is fixedly connected with the second-layer rack 33 through bolts; the output end of the torque sensor 15 is connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft 16 through a key connection; the lower end of the rotating shaft 16 is connected with the track shoe 18 through threads.
As shown in fig. 2, the linear electric cylinder 11 in the test system 1 is fixed on the bottom flat plate 32 and the top flat plate 34 through screw connection; the upper end of the three-way force sensor 12 is connected with the linear electric cylinder 11 through threads, and the lower end of the three-way force sensor is connected with the pressing plate 12 through threads; the frame 3 comprises supporting legs 31, a bottom flat plate 32, a two-layer frame 33, a top flat plate 34, a door-shaped frame 35, a guide shaft sleeve 36 and a guide shaft 37; the supporting legs 31 are welded below the bottom flat plate 32 to play a supporting role; the guide shaft 37 is fixed on the bottom flat plate 32 through threaded connection; the two-layer frame 33 is in clearance fit with the guide shaft 37 through the guide shaft sleeve 36, so that the two-layer frame can slide up and down along the shaft; the top flat plate 34 is fixed on the guide shaft 37 through threaded connection; the portal frame 35 is fixed on the two-layer rack 33 through bolt connection and is used for hanging the shearing parameter testing mechanism.
The test system 1 can test the soil bearing characteristic: normal force under a certain depth and subsidence output by the linear electric cylinder are measured by the normal force sensor, and data acquisition is carried out by a data acquisition unit in the control and data acquisition system 2; the soil pressure-bearing characteristic under the specific soil condition is obtained by utilizing a first calculation formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein p is the normal force applied to the pressing plate, kcIs the soil cohesion modulus, b is the radius of the press plate used,
the soil friction modulus, z is the depression amount of a pressing plate, and n is the soil deformation index; wherein the variable sought is kc、
n, and the balance of test amounts.
The test system 1 also enables the measurement of soil shear properties: the unit pressure vertical to the shearing area is measured through a normal force sensor, the subsidence output by a linear electric cylinder and the torque value measured by a torque sensor are acquired through a data acquisition unit in a control and data acquisition system 2; and obtaining the soil shear characteristics under the specific soil conditions by using a second calculation formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein tau is soil shear force taumaxThe maximum shear stress of the soil, j is the shear displacement, and K is the shear deformation modulus of the soil.
When measuring soil shear properties, τ in the second formula may be calculated by a third calculation formula, where the third formula is:
wherein T ismTorque measured by the torque sensor, roIs the outer ring radius of the track shoe, riThe radius of the inner ring of the track shoe;
in the second formulamaxThe calculation may be performed by a fourth calculation formula, which is:
τmax＝c+p tanφ
wherein c is soil cohesion, p is normal force applied to the track plate,
the coefficient of friction between soil particles;
j in the second formula can be calculated by a fifth calculation formula, where the fifth formula is:
wherein r isoIs the outer ring radius of the track shoe, riThe track shoe inner race radius, α is the shear angle.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, before the test, a pressing plate with a required size is installed below a normal force sensor 12, a track shoe with a required size is installed below a rotating shaft 16, then a supporting leg 31 is placed on a horizontal plane to ensure that each connecting shaft is perpendicular to the soil to be tested, a linear electric cylinder 11 is started through a data acquisition and control system 2 to slowly descend the pressing plate 17 and the track shoe 18 to the surface to be tested to be in contact, the readings of the normal force sensor 12 and a torque sensor 15 are zeroed, and the subsidence reading is zeroed. When a soil bearing characteristic test is carried out, a switch is turned on, the data acquisition and control system 2 controls the linear electric cylinder 11 on the bottom flat plate 32 to drive the pressing plate 17 to be pressed into the soil, the normal force sensor 12 outputs the stress condition of the pressing plate, meanwhile, the linear electric cylinder outputs the subsidence condition, the driving is stopped when the pressure is increased and the subsidence is not increased any more, and the data acquisition and control system 2 records the measured normal pressure and the normal deformation data of the soil. When a shearing characteristic test is carried out, the switch is turned on, the data acquisition and control system 2 controls the linear electric cylinder 11 on the top-layer flat plate 34 to drive the track shoe 18 to be pressed into the soil, the normal force sensor 12 outputs the normal force data borne by the track shoe 18, the linear electric cylinder 11 outputs the normal deformation data of the soil, then the servo motor 13 is started to drive the rotating shaft 16 to rotate, the torque sensor 15 outputs the torque condition under the corresponding angular displacement, the driving is stopped when the pressure is increased and the subsidence is not increased any more, and the data acquisition and control system 2 records the data.
Claims (4)
1. A portable belleville instrument which is characterized in that: comprises a test system (1), a control and data acquisition system (2) and a frame (3); the test system (1) can measure the pressure bearing characteristic of the soil by measuring the normal force and the normal subsidence, and can measure the shearing characteristic of the soil by measuring the shearing stress, the normal force, the normal subsidence and the tangential displacement; the control and data acquisition system (2) is responsible for controlling the test system to test and acquiring data of the sensor through the acquisition system; the rack (3) is responsible for connecting the components in the test system (1) and the control and data acquisition system (2);
the testing system (1) comprises a linear electric cylinder (11), a normal force sensor (12), a servo motor (13), a speed reducer (14), a torque sensor (15), a rotating shaft (16) and a track shoe (18); an output shaft of the servo motor (13) is in interference fit with an input end of the speed reducer (14), and a flange plate between the output shaft and the input end of the speed reducer is connected through a bolt; the output end of the speed reducer (14) is in interference fit with the input end of the torque sensor (15); the lower end of the torque sensor (15) is fixedly connected with the two-layer rack (33) through bolts; the output end of the torque sensor (15) is connected with the upper end of the rotating shaft (16) through a key connection; the lower end of the rotating shaft (16) is connected with the track shoe (18) through threads;
the linear electric cylinder (11) in the test system (1) is fixed on the bottom layer flat plate (32) and the top layer flat plate (34) through threaded connection; the upper end of the three-way force sensor (12) is connected with the linear electric cylinder (11) through threads, and the lower end of the three-way force sensor is connected with the pressure plate (12) through threads; the frame (3) comprises supporting legs (31), a bottom layer flat plate (32), a two-layer frame (33), a top layer flat plate (34), a door-shaped frame (35), a guide shaft sleeve (36) and a guide shaft (37); the supporting legs (31) are welded below the bottom flat plate (32) to play a supporting role; the guide shaft (37) is fixed on the bottom flat plate (32) through threaded connection; the two-layer frame (33) is in clearance fit with the guide shaft (37) through the guide shaft sleeve (36) and can slide up and down along the shaft; the top flat plate (34) is fixed on the guide shaft (37) through threaded connection; the door-shaped frame (35) is fixed on the two-layer rack (33) through bolt connection and is used for hanging the shearing parameter testing mechanism.
2. A portable belleville instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the test system (1) can test the pressure bearing characteristic of soil: normal force under a certain depth and subsidence output by the linear electric cylinder are measured through the normal force sensor, and data acquisition is carried out through a data acquisition unit in the control and data acquisition system (2); the soil pressure-bearing characteristic under the specific soil condition is obtained by utilizing a first calculation formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein p is the normal force applied to the pressing plate, kcIs the soil cohesion modulus, b is the radius of the press plate used,
the soil friction modulus, z is the depression amount of a pressing plate, and n is the soil deformation index; wherein the variable sought is kc、
n, and the balance of test amounts.
3. A portable belleville instrument according to claim 1, wherein: the test system (1) can measure the soil shear characteristics: the unit pressure vertical to the shearing area is measured through a normal force sensor, the subsidence output by a linear electric cylinder and the torque value measured by a torque sensor are collected through a data collector in a control and data collection system (2); and obtaining the soil shear characteristics under the specific soil conditions by using a second calculation formula, wherein the second formula is as follows:
wherein tau is soil shear force taumaxThe maximum shear stress of the soil, j is the shear displacement, and K is the shear deformation modulus of the soil.
4. A portable belleville instrument according to claim 3, wherein: when measuring soil shear properties, τ in the second formula may be calculated by a third calculation formula, where the third formula is:
wherein T ismTorque measured by the torque sensor, roIs the outer ring radius of the track shoe, riThe radius of the inner ring of the track shoe;
in the second formulamaxThe calculation may be performed by a fourth calculation formula, which is:
τmax＝c+p tanφ
wherein c is soil cohesion, p is normal force applied to the track plate,
the coefficient of friction between soil particles;
j in the second formula can be calculated by a fifth calculation formula, where the fifth formula is:
wherein r isoIs the outer ring radius of the track shoe, riThe track shoe inner race radius, α is the shear angle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010720876.9A CN111735703A (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Portable belleville instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010720876.9A CN111735703A (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Portable belleville instrument |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111735703A true CN111735703A (en) | 2020-10-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202010720876.9A Pending CN111735703A (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Portable belleville instrument |
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| CN (1) | CN111735703A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113338253A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-03 | 上海交通大学 | Mechanical sounding instrument and method for evaluating walking capability of crawler robot seabed |
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| CN200993624Y (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2007-12-19 | 广西大学 | Portable soil bearing rigidity measuring instrument |
| CN102109439A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-06-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Instrument for measuring bearing and shearing properties of soil |
| CN103115832A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-05-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tester for soil pressure bearing and shearing test |
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| CN106769523A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | Measurement apparatus for measuring soil mechanics characteristic |
| CN212391340U (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-01-22 | 吉林大学 | Portable belleville instrument |
-
2020
- 2020-07-24 CN CN202010720876.9A patent/CN111735703A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN200993624Y (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2007-12-19 | 广西大学 | Portable soil bearing rigidity measuring instrument |
| CN102109439A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-06-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Instrument for measuring bearing and shearing properties of soil |
| CN103115832A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-05-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tester for soil pressure bearing and shearing test |
| CN203191371U (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2013-09-11 | 吉林大学 | Low-gravity environment simulation testing device |
| CN105510154A (en) * | 2016-01-01 | 2016-04-20 | 三峡大学 | Device for measuring shearing strength index of rock-soil specimen and measuring method |
| CN106769523A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | Measurement apparatus for measuring soil mechanics characteristic |
| CN212391340U (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-01-22 | 吉林大学 | Portable belleville instrument |
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| Title |
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| 蔡巍: "江苏如东滩涂土壤承压剪切特性参数测量", 《制造业自动化》, vol. 34, no. 5, 10 March 2012 (2012-03-10), pages 133 - 135 * |
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| CN113338253A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-09-03 | 上海交通大学 | Mechanical sounding instrument and method for evaluating walking capability of crawler robot seabed |
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