CN210154958U - Variable-range in-situ hardness testing device under prestress - Google Patents
Variable-range in-situ hardness testing device under prestress Download PDFInfo
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- CN210154958U CN210154958U CN201920727675.4U CN201920727675U CN210154958U CN 210154958 U CN210154958 U CN 210154958U CN 201920727675 U CN201920727675 U CN 201920727675U CN 210154958 U CN210154958 U CN 210154958U
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a range of variation normal position hardness test device under prestressing force belongs to the precision test field. The X/Z-axis freedom degree precise movement unit is powered by a precise servo motor, and the precise positioning of the test point is realized through a ball screw nut pair; the variable-range press-in unit is arranged on the upper side, and the Z-axis moving platform carries an advanced piezoelectric stack to complete load loading of different ranges; the test prestress loading unit realizes loading by a precise servo motor through a two-stage worm and gear speed reducing mechanism and a lead screw nut pair; the data acquisition unit comprises a precision pull pressure sensor, a precision pressure sensor and a precision displacement sensor. Has the advantages that: the optical microscope has the advantages of novel conception, reliable structural principle, complete functions, compact structure and good compatibility with various mainstream optical microscopes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an accurate hardness test field, in particular to novel multi-functional hardness testing device field indicates a range normal position hardness testing arrangement changes under prestressing force especially. The hardness value on-line test device is used for on-line test of the hardness value of a new material or a coating, and simultaneously can test the hardness of the material under the service conditions such as pre-tensile stress and pre-compressive stress, and provides a new technical method and means for research and development of the new material and research of a material damage failure mechanism under the service conditions.
Background
Hardness is an indicator of the ability of a material to resist locally the penetration of a hard object into its surface. For the tested material, the hardness is a comprehensive index of a series of different physical properties such as elasticity, plasticity, strength, toughness, wear resistance and the like of the material under the action of a certain pressure head and a test force. Among them, press-in hardness is a method commonly used for a hardness test of a metal material. And (3) pressing the pressure head into the material to be measured according to a certain load by adopting a specified pressure head, and calculating the hardness of the material by measuring the residual plastic deformation of the surface of the material. According to different indenters, loads and load acting time, the hardness of the material can be divided into different hardness indexes such as Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Vickers hardness, microhardness and the like.
At present, a common hardness testing instrument can only adopt a single hardness testing method, and different hardness testing instruments are required to be adopted for materials with different hardness. For a material research and development unit and a material application unit, purchasing a plurality of hardness testing instruments increases testing cost on one hand, and increases equipment maintenance cost on the other hand, so that a hardness testing device capable of integrating a plurality of hardness testing methods is urgently needed to be developed.
On the other hand, in the actual production process, the material is often in service under complicated mechanical load conditions such as tension/compression. Under the action of complex mechanical load, indexes of service performance of the material, including hardness and the like, can be obviously changed, and researches show that the existence of prestress in the material, such as tension/compression and the like, can affect indentation depth, contact area, swelling amount and the like, so that the hardness is changed. At present, a hardness testing instrument for testing the hardness of the material under the prestress condition is not available.
The multifunctional in-situ hardness testing device is developed to test the hardness characteristic of the material under the prestress, and has very important theoretical value and practical significance for disclosing the damage failure mechanism of the material under the service condition, particularly the surface wear failure mechanism of the material under the prestress condition.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the utility model is to provide a range of variation normal position hardness test device under prestressing force has solved the above-mentioned problem that prior art exists. The utility model discloses combine the normal position test technique, appear and measure on line through the indentation appearance that optical microscope caused to pressure head in the hardness test process. Different hardness test mode selections are designed and provided for a user according to hardness test standards, and optimal tests can be effectively made for different materials. And simultaneously, the utility model discloses breakthroughly combine together hardness test and drawing pressure unit, provide the hardness test mode under the special operating mode of drawing pressure, fill the relevant field blank.
The above object of the utility model is realized through following technical scheme:
the variable-range in-situ hardness testing device under the prestress comprises an X/Z-axis freedom degree precise motion unit, a variable-range pressing-in unit, a test prestress loading unit and a data acquisition unit, wherein the X/Z-axis freedom degree precise motion unit is formed by vertically and rigidly combining an X-direction moving platform and a Z-direction moving platform, the X/Z-axis freedom degree precise motion unit and the test prestress loading unit are respectively fixed on a supporting platform 1, and the variable-range pressing-in unit is arranged on the X/Z-axis freedom degree precise motion unit;
the X/Z-axis freedom degree precision motion unit comprises: the driving torque of a precise servo motor B43 in the X-direction moving platform is transmitted to a lead screw B39 through a coupler 41, the lead screw B39 is matched with a precise nut seat B38 to convert the torque into linear motion, and the precise nut seat B38 is rigidly connected with the connecting platform 16 to transmit the linear motion; the Z-direction moving platform has the same structure, and is vertically matched with the X-direction moving platform to realize accurate space positioning adjustment;
the variable range pressing unit is as follows: the Z-direction moving platform is controlled by adjusting a precise servo motor B43 to realize large-range loading, a piezoelectric ceramic 17 is installed in a flexible hinge 15 and outputs displacement after being electrified, one end of a precise pressure sensor 11 is in threaded connection with the output end of the flexible hinge 15, the other end of the precise pressure sensor is connected with a pressure head 10 through a pressure head connecting piece 18, and the displacement is transmitted to control different types of pressure heads to realize small-range loading;
the test prestress loading unit is as follows: after the torque is increased and reduced by the driving torque of the precise servo motor A9 through the first-stage worm wheel 19, the first-stage worm 20, the second-stage worm wheel 23 and the second-stage worm 24, the screw A32 is driven to match with the nut seat A30, the rotary motion is converted into linear motion, the test piece lower support seat A6 and the test piece lower support seat B33 are driven to move reversely, the displacement is converted into force, and the test piece loading is completed.
The data acquisition unit is as follows: the left end of the precision tension and pressure sensor 7 is fixedly connected with the left sensor fixing seat 4 in a threaded manner, the right end of the precision tension and pressure sensor is rigidly connected with a lower test piece supporting seat A6, the precision tension and pressure sensor 7 collects output data, and the tension and pressure are accurately loaded in real time under closed-loop control; the precision pressure sensor 11 and the optical microscope 28 collect data and perform closed loop feedback to realize a constant force pressing mode; the precise displacement sensor 14 is rigidly and fixedly connected to the displacement sensor fixing seat 13, the displacement sensor fixing seat 13 is rigidly fixed on the flexible hinge 15, the micro-displacement sensing block 12 displaces along with the output end of the flexible hinge 15, and the precise displacement sensor 14 generates and outputs data; the optical microscope 28 is rigidly fixed on the supporting platform 1, and the surface appearance of the indentation is collected in situ.
The connecting platform 16 moves on the guide rail C36 through the sliding block B37, and the upper surface of the connecting platform 16 is connected with the flexible hinge 15 through a screw.
The precision servo motor B43 is rigidly fixed on the supporting platform 1 through the motor fixing seat 42.
Lead screw B39, lead screw A32 pass through lead screw fixing base 40, lead screw supporting seat 25 and fix on connecting plate 2, connecting plate 2 is fixed on supporting platform 1.
The first-stage worm 20 and the second-stage worm 24 are sleeved on the shaft 22, two ends of the shaft 22 are fixed with the tension-compression unit fixing plate 3 through the shaft left fixing seat 26 and the shaft right fixing seat 21, the upper end of the connecting plate 2 is in threaded connection with the tension-compression unit fixing plate 3, and the whole test prestress loading unit is driven to move on the guide rail A27.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the utility model has reasonable structural layout and high space utilization rate, adopts a vertical and horizontal combined mode, and the precise double-freedom-degree mobile platform is precisely controlled by the servo motor; the variable-range press-in is realized by utilizing the piezoelectric ceramic and flexible hinge technology, matching with a motor and a ball screw, the press-in depth is adjustable, and the hardness test can be simultaneously carried out on a film coating and a traditional material. By means of the existing precise sensing technology, an integrated optical microscope is carried, data are collected in real time, and hardness related parameters can be directly displayed. The utility model discloses a testing arrangement, the transmission is accurate steady, and the innovation coupling, the practicality is strong, can realize dynamic test on a large scale, can provide reliable equipment to the hardness test under different materials and the special operating mode.
The utility model discloses break through current single method hardness test means, provide multiple test means and synthesize integrated test technology platform, spatial layout is compact, and the structure is exquisite, uses extensively, can use the hardness measurement with different material film coatings, compatible traditional Brinell Rockwell and mainstream nanometer indentation test technique carry on open optical microscope, realize on-line monitoring, real-time data updates, adds special operating mode test module simultaneously, has important meaning to the discovery of hardness field new characteristics. The advanced piezoelectric technology is matched with the drive of a precise servo motor to realize precise loading, the closed loop is adjustable, precise input and output are realized, an upper computer is integrated with each sensor module comprehensively to obtain hardness values, and a relation curve is constructed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate example embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limitation.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall appearance structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the test prestress loading unit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the X-direction moving platform of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a support platform; 2. a connecting plate; 3. a tension and compression unit fixing plate; 4. a left sensor fixing seat; 5. a transition plate A; 6. a test piece lower support seat A; 7. a precision pull pressure sensor; 8. fixing a plate on the test piece; 9. a precision servo motor A; 10. a pressure head; 11. a precision pressure sensor; 12. a micro-displacement sensing block; 13. a displacement sensor holder; 14. a precision displacement sensor; 15. a flexible hinge; 16. connecting the platform; 17. piezoelectric ceramics; 18. a ram connector; 19. a first-stage worm gear; 20. a first-stage worm; 21. a shaft right fixed seat 22 and a shaft; 23. a secondary worm gear; 24. a secondary worm; 25. a lead screw supporting seat; 26. a left shaft fixing seat; 27. a guide rail A; 28. an optical microscope; 29. a slide block A; 30. a nut seat A; 31. a support base; 32. a lead screw A; 33. a test piece lower support seat B; 34. a transition plate B; 35. a guide rail B; 36. a guide rail C; 37. a slide block B; 38. a precision nut seat B; 39. a lead screw B; 40. a lead screw fixing seat; 41. a coupling; 42. a motor fixing seat; 43. and a precision servo motor B.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention and its embodiments are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the variable range normal position hardness testing device under prestress of the utility model is composed of four parts of an X/Z axis freedom precision motion unit, a variable range pressing unit, a test prestress loading unit and a data acquisition unit. The X/Z-axis freedom degree precise motion unit is formed by vertically and rigidly combining an X-direction moving platform and a Z-direction moving platform, and the independent parts are powered by a precise servo motor and are converted into linear motion through a ball screw nut pair, so that the precise positioning of a pressure head space is realized; the variable-range press-in unit is arranged on the upper side, the Z-degree-of-freedom platform realizes large-range loading, and the advanced piezoelectric ceramic driving part is carried to realize micro-nano small-range loading; the test prestress loading unit is used for completing the function by a servo motor through a two-stage worm and gear speed reducing mechanism and matching with a lead screw nut; the data acquisition unit comprises a precision tension pressure sensor, a precision displacement sensor and an optical microscope, and realizes the on-line detection of the shapes of the load and the residual indentation to obtain hardness test data. The utility model discloses the principle is reliable, and is multiple functional, compact structure, and the test mode is advanced, has good compatibility with various mainstream optical microscope, presents and measures on line through the indentation appearance that optical microscope caused to the pressure head in the hardness test process, provides different hardness test mode selection for the user simultaneously, can make the optimal test to the material of difference effectively. The utility model discloses breakthroughly with hardness test with draw the pressure unit and combine together, provide and draw the hardness test mode under the special operating mode of pressure, fill the relevant field blank.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the X/Z axis degree of freedom precision motion unit of the present invention has the following structure: the driving torque of a precise servo motor B43 in the X-direction moving platform is transmitted to a lead screw B39 through a coupler 41, the lead screw B39 is matched with a precise nut seat B38 to convert the torque into linear motion, and the precise nut seat B38 is rigidly connected with the connecting platform 16 to transmit the linear motion; the Z-direction moving platforms have the same structure, and the two platforms are vertically matched to realize accurate space positioning adjustment; the lead screw B39 is fixed by the lead screw fixing seat 40, and the connecting platform 16 moves on the guide rail C36 through the sliding block B37.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the range-changing press-in unit of the present invention has the following structure: realize wide range loading to moving platform through adjusting accurate servo motor B43 control Z, pass through bolted connection with flexible hinge 15 above the connection platform 16, piezoceramics 17 installs in flexible hinge 15, export displacement after the circular telegram, accurate pressure sensor 11 one end and flexible hinge 15's output threaded connection, the other end passes through pressure head connecting piece 18 and is connected with pressure head 10, the displacement passes through the transmission, control different grade type pressure head realizes the load of small range, pass through displacement sensor fixing base 13 rigid fastening between accurate displacement sensor 14 and the flexible hinge 15.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the structure of the test prestress loading unit of the present invention is as follows: the precise servo motor A9 drives torque to increase and reduce speed through the first-level worm wheel 19, the first-level worm 20, the second-level worm wheel 23 and the second-level worm 24, then drives the lead screw A32, the lead screw A32 is fixed through the lead screw supporting seat 25, and the lead screw A30 is matched with the nut seat A30 to convert rotary motion into linear motion, so as to drive the test piece lower supporting seats A, B6 and 33 to move reversely, convert displacement into force and complete test piece loading. Wherein, 20 second grade worms of one-level worm 24 cover on axle 22, axle 22 both ends are fixed with drawing and pressing unit fixed plate 3 through axle left fixing base 26 axle right fixing base 21, and connecting plate 2 upper end with draw and press unit fixed plate 3 threaded connection drives whole unit and moves on guide rail A27, realizes position adjustment. The left end of the precision pull pressure sensor 7 is fixedly connected with the sensor left fixing seat 4 through threads, and the right end of the precision pull pressure sensor is rigidly connected with a test piece lower supporting seat A6. The transition plate A5 and the transition plate B34 move on the guide rail B35 through the slide block A29.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the data acquisition unit of the present invention has the following structure: the precision pull pressure sensor 7 collects output data, closed-loop control pull pressure is accurately loaded in real time, the range of the precision pressure sensor 11 is wide, resolution is high, the press-in force is accurately output, an upper computer displays the press-in force, closed-loop feedback is carried out, and a constant force press-in mode is realized. The precise displacement sensor 14 is fixedly and rigidly connected to the displacement sensor fixing seat 13, the micro displacement sensing block 12 displaces along with the output end of the flexible hinge 15, and the precise displacement sensor 14 generates and outputs data. The optical microscope 28 is rigidly fixed on the supporting platform 1, and the surface appearance of the indentation is collected in situ. The hardness value is obtained through the data collected by the precision pressure sensor 11 and the optical microscope 28, and a relation curve is presented by matching with the pretensioning pressure.
The utility model discloses an overall dimension is 210mm x 200mm x 360mm (be long wide height in proper order), provides the integrated test technology platform of multiple test means synthesis, and spatial layout is compact, and the structure is exquisite, uses extensively. Meanwhile, a special working condition testing module is carried, and the method can be used for discovering new characteristics in the field of hardness testing.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the specific testing method of the present invention is as follows: the tested material is put into the lower support seat A6 and the lower support seat B33 of the test piece, is attached to the support base 31, is pressed by the upper fixing plates 8 of the test piece at two sides, and is fixed by screws, so that the clamping is completed. Before installation, the X-direction and Z-direction distances can be adjusted by controlling a precise servo motor B43, and after a safe distance is kept, clamping of the selected pressure head 10 can be completed. And determining a testing method, if the traditional methods such as Brinell and the like are selected, selecting a wide-range mode, controlling the motor to press in at a certain speed and force after the pressure head is adjusted to be opposite to the tested material, lifting the movable platform after the pressing is finished, adjusting the position of the lens of the optical microscope 28 to be opposite to the indentation, and acquiring other sensor data through an A/D data acquisition card after the upper computer inputs basic pressure head data to display the hardness value. If the test modes such as nano indentation and the like are selected, other modes are selected to control the output and press-in of the piezoelectric ceramics. And if the hardness under special working conditions needs to be tested, starting a precision servo motor A9, realizing a tensile state, and then pressing in.
The utility model discloses a hardness test method is according to hardness test relevant national standard and international standard design, when selecting metal rockwell hardness test mode, changes diamond circular cone pressure head, makes pressure head and sample surface contact, exerts experimental power under the condition of no impact and vibration, and the initial test power keeps not to exceed 3 seconds. The test is increased from the initial test force to the total test force within a time of not less than 1s and not more than 8s and maintained for 4s + -2 s, then the main test force is removed, the initial test force is maintained, and after a short stabilization, the reading is performed. When a metal Brinell test mode is selected, a hard alloy ball head with the diameter of 10mm is preferably selected, the test force retention time is 10-15 seconds, and the upper limit is not more than 650 HBW. When the Vickers hardness test mode is selected, the regular rectangular pyramid diamond pressure head is replaced, the test force holding time is approximately the same, and the hardness value is obtained by matching with an optical microscope. When the nano indentation test method is selected, a small-range piezoelectric stack mode is switched to provide power, the pressure head is replaced according to needs, loading, maintaining and unloading are carried out, the indentation force and the depth curve are read through the upper computer, and the hardness value is obtained.
The above description is only a preferred example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made to the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a range of variation normal position hardness test device under prestressing force which characterized in that: the device comprises an X/Z-axis freedom degree precision motion unit, a variable range pressing-in unit, a test prestress loading unit and a data acquisition unit, wherein the X/Z-axis freedom degree precision motion unit is formed by vertically and rigidly combining an X-direction moving platform and a Z-direction moving platform, the X/Z-axis freedom degree precision motion unit and the test prestress loading unit are respectively fixed on a supporting platform (1), and the variable range pressing-in unit is installed on the X/Z-axis freedom degree precision motion unit;
the X/Z-axis freedom degree precision motion unit comprises: the driving torque of a precise servo motor B (43) in the X-direction moving platform is transmitted to a lead screw B (39) through a coupler (41), the lead screw B (39) is matched with a precise nut seat B (38) to convert the torque into linear motion, and the precise nut seat B (38) is rigidly connected with a connecting platform (16) to transmit the linear motion; the Z-direction moving platform has the same structure, and is vertically matched with the X-direction moving platform to realize accurate space positioning adjustment;
the variable range pressing unit is as follows: the Z-direction moving platform is controlled by adjusting a precise servo motor B (43) to realize wide-range loading, piezoelectric ceramics (17) are installed in a flexible hinge (15) and output displacement after being electrified, one end of a precise pressure sensor (11) is in threaded connection with the output end of the flexible hinge (15), the other end of the precise pressure sensor is connected with a pressure head (10) through a pressure head connecting piece (18), and displacement is transmitted to control different types of pressure heads to realize small-range loading;
the test prestress loading unit is as follows: after the torque is increased and reduced through the first-level worm wheel (19), the first-level worm (20), the second-level worm wheel (23) and the second-level worm (24) by the driving torque of the precise servo motor A (9), the lead screw A (32) is driven to be matched with the nut seat A (30), the rotary motion is converted into the linear motion, the test piece lower support seat A (6) and the test piece lower support seat B (33) are driven to move reversely, the displacement is converted into the force, and the test piece loading is completed.
2. The device for testing the in-situ hardness of the prestressed variable range according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition unit is as follows: the left end of the precision tension and pressure sensor (7) is fixedly connected with the left sensor fixing seat (4) in a threaded manner, the right end of the precision tension and pressure sensor is rigidly connected with a lower test piece supporting seat A (6), the precision tension and pressure sensor (7) collects output data, and the closed-loop control tension and pressure is accurately loaded in real time; the precise pressure sensor (11) and the optical microscope (28) collect data and perform closed-loop feedback to realize a constant force pressing mode; the precise displacement sensor (14) is rigidly and fixedly connected to the displacement sensor fixing seat (13), the displacement sensor fixing seat (13) is rigidly fixed on the flexible hinge (15), the micro-displacement sensing block (12) displaces along with the output end of the flexible hinge (15), and the precise displacement sensor (14) generates and outputs data; the optical microscope (28) is rigidly fixed on the supporting platform (1) and used for collecting the surface appearance of the indentation in situ.
3. The device for testing the in-situ hardness of the prestressed variable range according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting platform (16) moves on the guide rail C (36) through the sliding block B (37), and the upper surface of the connecting platform (16) is connected with the flexible hinge (15) through a screw.
4. The device for testing the in-situ hardness of the prestressed variable range according to claim 1, wherein: and the precision servo motor B (43) is rigidly fixed on the supporting platform (1) through a motor fixing seat (42).
5. The device for testing the in-situ hardness of the prestressed variable range according to claim 1, wherein: lead screw B (39), lead screw A (32) pass through lead screw fixing base (40), lead screw supporting seat (25) and fix on connecting plate (2), connecting plate (2) are fixed on supporting platform (1).
6. The device for testing the in-situ hardness of the prestressed variable range according to claim 1, wherein: the one-level worm (20) and the two-level worm (24) are sleeved on the shaft (22), the two ends of the shaft (22) are fixed with the tension and compression unit fixing plate (3) through a shaft left fixing seat (26) and a shaft right fixing seat (21), and the upper end of the connecting plate (2) is in threaded connection with the tension and compression unit fixing plate (3) to drive the whole test prestress loading unit to move on the guide rail A (27).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201920727675.4U CN210154958U (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | Variable-range in-situ hardness testing device under prestress |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920727675.4U CN210154958U (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | Variable-range in-situ hardness testing device under prestress |
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| CN210154958U true CN210154958U (en) | 2020-03-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110044749A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-23 | 吉林大学 | Range changing original position hardness test device under prestressing force |
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2019
- 2019-05-21 CN CN201920727675.4U patent/CN210154958U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110044749A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-23 | 吉林大学 | Range changing original position hardness test device under prestressing force |
| CN110044749B (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2024-02-02 | 吉林大学 | Device for testing Cheng Yuanwei hardness of prestressed lower variable |
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