CN103113977B - Method for synchronously preparing peanut oil and peanut peptides through aqueous enzymatic extraction - Google Patents
Method for synchronously preparing peanut oil and peanut peptides through aqueous enzymatic extraction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for synchronously preparing peanut oil and peanut peptides through aqueous enzymatic extraction and belongs to the technical field of deep processing of agricultural products and comprehensive utilization of byproducts of the agricultural products, mainly solving the technical problems that protein products obtained according to a conventional technology for preparing oil from peanuts through aqueous enzymatic extraction have low purity and are imperfect in oil flavor and easy in generation of emulsion and the like. The method comprises the following steps of: baking peanut kernels, grinding, adding water so as to adjust acid for extraction, carrying out three phase centrifugation, combining oil bearing emulsion phase and protein concentrate, adjusting alkali, adding protease for enzymatic hydrolysis, carrying out high-temperature enzyme deactivation after the enzymatic hydrolysis is ended, and carrying out three phase centrifugation under a hot condition, thus directly obtaining the free oil and the peanut peptides. Peanuts are processed by adopting the method, so that the emulsion can be basically avoided, and the obtained oil has strong flavor and high quality; the peanut peptides have high purity (75% of protein content) and low relative molecular mass and can be used as a good functional additive to be widely applied to food processing.
Description
Technical field
Aqueous enzymatic method interlock system, for a method for peanut oil and peanut peptide, belongs to the technical field that agricultural-food intensive processing and byproduct comprehensive thereof utilize.
Background technology
Peanut is rich in fat and protein, is the important sources of world's edible oil, protein and food raw material.China is in the world one of important peanut producing country, and China's peanut approximately has 50% for oil expression, and 29% is edible, 6% left and right outlet, and reserve seed for planting and other purposes in 15% left and right.At present, the Main Means of industrial producing peanut oil is that squeezing (hot moulding is main) and organic solvent leach.The grease obtained quality of milling process is good but yield is lower; Lixiviation process grease yield is high, but crude oil needs just edible of multistep refining, and the problems such as the caused topsoil of organic solvent and production safety also can not be ignored.Except peanut oil, the another kind of product being obtained by hot moulding and lixiviation process--peanut meal is mainly as feeding, only several thousand yuan of prices per ton.In a word, the excavation that existing industrialized preparing process is worth Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein reaches far away sufficient stage, and the added value of protein product is lower.Nowadays low-molecular-weight protein peptide is as a kind of biologically active substance, and its various functions is familiar with by people gradually, and the market price of some commodity soybean peptide is per ton up to ten thousand yuan of 10-20 at present.Therefore developing peanut protein hydrolysate (peanut peptide) is one of important means improving peanut product added value.
In recent years, in the ascendant to the research of the novel oil-producing technique of peanut both at home and abroad, water consumption substitution organic solvent is an aspect of most study wherein.1956, Sugarman adopted aqua method from peanut, to extract grease and albumen (U. S. Patent, 2762820) simultaneously; 1975, the use proteolytic enzyme such as Lanzani and cellulase made Oleum Arachidis hypogaeae semen extraction rate reach 75-78%(Riv Ital Sostanze Grasse, L11:226-229); 1999, the imitation sesame ground sesameseed oil production technique such as Zhang Xin adopted water substitution to produce perfume peanut oil (Food science, 20 (4): 32-34); 2002, Sharma etc. adopted a kind of compound protease to process peanut, grease yield 86-92%(J Am Oil Chem Soc, 79 (3): 215-218).Patent CN1419837A has reported that one utilizes prozyme (cellulase, polygalacturonase and neutral protease) to extract the method for peanut oil and Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein, and grease yield is 94-96%, and protein yield is 73-75%.For extract peanut oil and peanut protein hydrolysate simultaneously, 2006, Hua Di etc. adopted Alcalase hydrolysis peanut, can extract 79.32% free oil and 71.38% protolysate by a step enzyme digestion reaction.Slag to technique gained and milk sap, select neutral protease As1398 to carry out secondary enzymolysis, and final total free oil yield can reach 91.98%, and total yield of aminosal can reach 88.21%(food and machinery, 22 (6): 16-19).2009, Zhang Shaobing etc. carried out aqueous enzymatic method after peanut is toasted under differing temps again and carry oil.Result shows that peanut is after 190 ℃ of baking 20min, and the grease extracting has strong fragrance, and free oil and yield of aminosal are about respectively 76% and 79%(He'nan University of Technology natural science edition, 30 (5): 9-12).Patent CN1555714A, with Alcalase basic protein enzyme extraction peanut oil, reclaims the protolysate powder that obtains little peptide form simultaneously, and total free oil yield is 91.6%, and peanut protein hydrolysate yield is 84%.The aqueous enzymatic extracting of peanut oil of laboratory level and protolysate have been carried out pilot scale by patent CN101401658A, introduces three-phase separator separating oil, oil-water mixture and undissolved residue simultaneously, and attempt using disc separator that oil is separated with water.Wherein, total free oil yield is 73.77%, and yield of aminosal is 55.10%.
As mentioned above, the research of at present simultaneously extracting peanut oil and peanut protein hydrolysate about aqueous enzymatic method all has report in laboratory and pilot scale level, but because these researchs are all to have taked similar technique (carrying out alkali after grinding by peanut dry method carries, carry out enzymolysis with Sumizyme MP again, last centrifugation obtains oil and protolysate), the peanut protein hydrolysate purity low (protein content is only 50-60% conventionally) obtaining, wherein contains a large amount of sugar and the non-protein ingredient of other solubilities.Want to obtain highly purified peanut peptide, must supporting lower procedure peanut protein hydrolysate be carried out to purifying.But because the molecular weight of peanut peptide and these non-protein ingredients is more or less the same, so be usually used in the commercial run of protein purification, as acid all inapplicable purifying peanut protein hydrolysates such as sink, saltout, this makes to utilize above-mentioned technique simultaneous extraction peanut oil and highly purified peanut peptide to have technical barrier.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the invention is to provide the novel method of a kind of aqueous enzymatic method simultaneous extraction peanut oil and peanut peptide, makes the peanut oil fragrance of extraction denseer, and peanut peptide purity is higher.Technical scheme of the present invention is: Semen arachidis hypogaeae dry method after toasting de-scarlet grinds, lixiviate is carried out in the acid adjustment that adds water, and obtains oil-containing breast phase, water I and protein concentrate after three-phase is centrifugal, and oil-containing breast phase and protein concentrate are merged, add suitable quantity of water and be adjusted to alkalescence, then add proteolytic enzyme to carry out enzyme digestion reaction.Enzymolysis finishes that rear that system is carried out to three-phase is centrifugal, obtains free oil, water II and residue, and water II is sprayed after dry and obtained high purity peanut peptide.
1. operational path
As shown in Figure 1.
2. processing condition
(1) cleaning screening: remove impurity and moldy kernel in Semen arachidis hypogaeae.
(2) baking decortication: adopt peanut baking machine toast earthnut, temperature is controlled at 160-200 ℃, and the time is controlled at 20-40min; Baking finishes rear employing peanut huller and peels.The object of peanut baking has three: the one, and the fragrance of increase peanut oil; The 2nd, allow Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein partially denaturing, the better effects if that acid is heavy; The 3rd, be conducive to the de-scarlet of peanut.
(3) dry ground: use crusher that blanched peanut is carried out after coarse reduction, adopt emery disc mill that peanut is further
Wear into pulpous state, median size is controlled at below 50 μ m.
(4) acidleach-centrifugal: peanut paste is dispersed in the water of 2-4 times of weight, at 3.0-5.0, temperature is 40-45 ℃ by HCl regulation system pH scope, and leaching time is 20-30min.The object of acidleach is to allow the non-protein ingredient stripping of solubility, and protein precipitates near iso-electric point.Acidleach finishes rear employing three-phase decanter whizzer and separates and obtain oil-containing breast phase, water I and protein concentrate.In water I, contain more sugar and the Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein of small amount.
(5) alkali molten-enzymolysis: will oil-containing breast mutually and protein concentrate be dispersed in the water of 2-4 times of weight after merging, use NaOH regulation system pH scope is at 8.0-9.5, temperature is 55-60 ℃, the molten time of alkali is 20-30min.The molten object of alkali is to allow partial protein be dissolved state, is conducive to enzymolysis, provides Sumizyme MP required optimal pH simultaneously.In alkali cementing Shu Houxiang system, add Protex 6L Sumizyme MP to start enzymolysis, enzyme concentration 1.5-2.5%(w/w), enzymolysis time 2-4h.The effect of protease hydrolyzed has two: the one, and enzymolysis protein matter obtains low-molecular-weight peanut peptide; But reduce the generation of milk sap by reducing protein molecular weight.For the content of salt in minimizing system, in enzymolysis process, no longer add NaOH maintenance system pH value.
(6) go out enzyme-centrifugal: the enzyme that goes out after enzymolysis finishes, the enzyme condition of going out is 85 ℃, 20min.The sampling after enzyme of going out adopts ninhydrin method to measure the degree of hydrolysis of protein.Go out and do not wait system temperature to reduce after enzyme, adopt immediately three-phase decanter whizzer to separate and obtain free oil, water II and residue.At high temperature carry out the generation that three phase separation can be avoided milk sap substantially.
(7) spraying is dry: water II is sprayed dry, and inlet temperature 120-130 ℃, air outlet temperature 70-75 ℃, obtains highly purified peanut peptide powder.
3. analytical procedure
Crude protein is measured: Kjeldahl determination (N × 5.46);
Crude fat is measured: Soxhlet extraction process;
Soluble sugar content is measured: phenolsulfuric acid method;
Material particular diameter distributes: adopt laser diffraction analyzer to measure;
Protein degree is measured: ninhydrin method;
Peanut peptide molecular weight determination: size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography;
Peanut oil fragrance is evaluated: Organoleptic method;
Free oil yield: oleaginousness × 100% in free oil weight/raw material;
Peanut peptide yield: nitrogen content × 100% in nitrogen content/raw material in peanut peptide;
Peanut peptide purity: protein content/peanut peptide weight × 100% in peanut peptide.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: equipment and technology route is simple, and investment of production is few; Not with an organic solvent, operational safety, environmental pollution degree is low; The peanut oil raciness obtaining, quality is high, without refining; The peanut peptide purity high (protein content >75%) obtaining, solvability is good, and relative molecular mass is less than 1000 little peptide composition and accounts for more than 85%, can be used as functional food ingredient and is widely used in food-processing.The present invention is applied to peanut processing, can increase food plant albumen supply rate, significantly improves the added value of peanut products.
Compare with background technology CN1555714A and CN101401658A, the present invention has carried out carrying out aqueous enzymatic method after appropriate baking to peanut again and has carried oil, thereby has improved grease local flavor, and background technology does not have such preprocessing process.The present invention has adopted emery disc mill to grind peanut, is medicinal herb grinder and background technology CN1555714A adopts, and what CN101401658A adopted is stone mill, and the production efficiency of emery disc mill is higher undoubtedly.The most important feature of the present invention is first crushing rear material to be carried out to acidleach to remove the non-protein ingredient of solubility, then under alkaline condition, makes albumen redissolve, and uses proteolytic enzyme to carry out enzymolysis, and the peanut peptide purity obtaining is like this high.And all background technologies all do not have such step at present, they are all after direct the peanut of pulverizing alkali is carried, to carry out enzymolysis again, separate the protolysate that obtains oil and low-purity.Background technology CN1555714A and CN101401658A have adopted the Alcalase Sumizyme MP of NoVo company in the time of enzymolysis peanut, what the present invention adopted is the Protex 6L Sumizyme MP that Genencor Company produces, compared with the former, the doubling of Protex 6L hydrolysis by novo Semen arachidis hypogaeae protein (be less than 2000 little peptide composition and account for more than 80% as mentioned relative molecular mass in CN101401658A, and in the present invention, relative molecular mass is less than 1000 little peptide composition and accounts for more than 85%).Background technology has all produced milk sap in the process of processing peanut, having to increases free oil yield by breakdown of emulsion, the present invention utilizes proteolytic enzyme degree of depth enzymolysis peanut protein, and the temperature that keeps material in the time that three-phase is centrifugal higher (85 ℃), do so the generation of substantially having avoided milk sap, free oil is edible after simple filtration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 aqueous enzymatic method interlock system is for the process flow diagram of peanut oil and peanut peptide.
The relative molecular mass distribution plan of Fig. 2 aqueous enzymatic extraction peanut peptide.
The relative molecular mass distribution plan of Fig. 3 aqueous enzymatic extraction peanut peptide.
embodiment
Embodiment 1
By after Semen arachidis hypogaeae screening and removing impurities, use baking machine to toast, 190 ℃ of storing temperatures, baking time 20min.Baking is treated that peanut is cooling after finishing peanut is peeled.After decortication, use crusher that Semen arachidis hypogaeae is carried out to coarse reduction, then adopt emery disc mill that peanut is further worn into pulpous state.Peanut paste is dispersed in the water of 3 times of weight to regulation system pH to 4.5,40 ℃ of temperature, leaching time 20min.Acidleach finishes rear use three-phase decanter whizzer separation system and obtains oil-containing breast phase, water I and protein concentrate.Oil-containing breast is dispersed in the water of 2 times of weight mutually and after protein concentrate merging to regulation system pH to 9.0,55 ℃ of temperature, the molten time 30min of alkali.In alkali cementing Shu Houxiang system, add 2.0%(w/w) Protex 6L Sumizyme MP start enzymolysis, temperature remains on 55 ℃, after 3h, system temperature is risen to 85 ℃ of enzymes that go out (20min).After the enzyme that goes out finishes, use immediately three-phase decanter whizzer while hot separation system obtain free oil, water II and residue.Water II is sprayed after dry and obtained highly purified peanut peptide powder.
Free oil yield 86%, peanut peptide yield 75%, peanut peptide purity 78%, protein degree 25.2%.
Through sensory evaluation, peanut oil has strong fragrance.
In peanut peptide, relative molecular mass is less than 1000 little peptide composition and accounts for more than 85% and (see accompanying drawing 2).
Embodiment 2
By after Semen arachidis hypogaeae screening and removing impurities, use baking machine to toast, 185 ℃ of storing temperatures, baking time 20min.Baking is treated that peanut is cooling after finishing peanut is peeled.After decortication, use crusher that Semen arachidis hypogaeae is carried out to coarse reduction, then adopt emery disc mill that peanut is further worn into pulpous state.Peanut paste is dispersed in the water of 4 times of weight to regulation system pH to 4.2,40 ℃ of temperature, leaching time 20min.Acidleach finishes rear use three-phase decanter whizzer separation system and obtains oil-containing breast phase, water I and protein concentrate.Oil-containing breast is dispersed in the water of 3 times of weight mutually and after protein concentrate merging to regulation system pH to 9.5, temperature 60 C, the molten time 30min of alkali.In alkali cementing Shu Houxiang system, add 1.5%(w/w) Protex 6L Sumizyme MP start enzymolysis, temperature remains on 60 ℃, after 2h, system temperature is risen to 85 ℃ of enzymes that go out (20min).After the enzyme that goes out finishes, use immediately three-phase decanter whizzer while hot separation system obtain free oil, water II and residue.Water II is sprayed after dry and obtained highly purified peanut peptide powder.
Free oil yield 87%, peanut peptide yield 74%, peanut peptide purity 76%, protein degree 23.5%.
Through sensory evaluation, peanut oil has strong fragrance.
In peanut peptide, relative molecular mass is less than 1000 little peptide composition and accounts for more than 80% and (see accompanying drawing 3).
Claims (1)
1. the method for an aqueous enzymatic method simultaneous extraction peanut oil and peanut peptide, it is characterized in that Semen arachidis hypogaeae dry method after baking decortication grinds, then the peanut grinding is dispersed in the water of 2-4 times of weight, regulation system pH scope is at 3.0-5.0, temperature is 40-45 ℃, and leaching time is 20-30min; Acidleach finishes rear three phase separation system and obtains oil-containing breast phase, water I and protein concentrate, oil-containing breast is dispersed in the water of 2-4 times of weight mutually and after protein concentrate merging, regulation system pH scope is at 8.0-9.5 again, and temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the molten time of alkali is 20-30min; After alkali cementing bundle, adopt Sumizyme MP to carry out enzymolysis, enzyme concentration 1.5-2.5%(w/w), hydrolysis temperature 55-60 ℃, enzymolysis time 2-4h; The enzyme that goes out after enzymolysis completes, then carries out three-phase to system centrifugal while hot, separates and obtains free oil, water II and residue, and water II spray and is dried, inlet temperature 120-130 ℃, air outlet temperature 70-75 ℃, obtains highly purified peanut peptide powder.
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| CN107629870A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2018-01-26 | 江南大学 | Method that is a kind of while extracting peanut oil and peanut protein |
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| CN103588856B (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-08-19 | 江南大学 | A kind of ultrasonic wave added aqueous enzymatic extraction peanut grease and method of protein |
| CN106701312A (en) * | 2017-01-08 | 2017-05-24 | 山东乐悠悠花生油科技有限公司 | Aqueous enzymatic method extraction process of high-quality peanut oil |
| CN106753766A (en) * | 2017-01-08 | 2017-05-31 | 山东乐悠悠花生油科技有限公司 | A kind of method of peanut oil and peanut protein based on the low aflatoxins of aqueous enzymatic extraction |
| CN109953125A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-02 | 无锡德合食品科技有限公司 | Combined-enzyme method prepares the beverage of low fat peanut containing peptide |
| CN109846746A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-06-07 | 重庆市洲仨科技发展有限公司 | A kind of compound maintenance polypeptide of natural activity and preparation method thereof |
| CN112725064A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 青岛天祥食品集团有限公司 | Process for extracting peanut oil by enzyme method |
| CN113854399A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2021-12-31 | 河南工业大学 | Method for extracting peanut oil body and protein by salt ion assisted aqueous enzymatic method |
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| CN107629870A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2018-01-26 | 江南大学 | Method that is a kind of while extracting peanut oil and peanut protein |
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