CN103109636B - Special fertilizing method of slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in apple tree planting - Google Patents
Special fertilizing method of slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in apple tree planting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special fertilizing method of a slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in apple tree planting. According to the method, the total dosage of the slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, converted into pure nitrogen, for each apple tree is 0.3-0.5 kg, and 30-45% of the total dosage of the slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is taken as a whole-layer fertilizer, is uniformly applied to a whole layer of the vertical projection ground of the tree crown of the apple tree and is ploughed so as to be buried; the rest slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer serves as a ditch fertilizer and is applied in an annular ditch which is dug along the projection ground of the outer edge of the tree crown; the whole-layer fertilizer is prepared in a manner that a slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled-release period of four months and a slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled-release period of five months are selected and combined according to the mass ratio of (1-3): (1-2); and the ditch fertilizer is prepared in a manner that a slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled-release period of two months and a slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with the controlled-release period of three months are selected and combined according to the mass ratio of (1-2): (1-3). The fertilizing method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the application effect of the slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on apple trees can be improved, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is increased, and the yield of apples is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application process of a kind of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer on apple tree, belong to Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers applied technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, the research and development of the production technology of China's slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer were swift and violent with industrialized development, and kind constantly increases, and production capacity improves rapidly, in agricultural production crop application more prevalent, and welcome by peasant.Slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer is the main species of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers, accounts for the more than 90% of China's slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer total amount.
At present, the application study of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers on apple is mainly special fertilizer and formula thereof, and the fertilizing method of mentioning is little, CN101172904 (200710114216.0) discloses a kind of sulphur, coated with resin apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer and manufacture method thereof, the application of the apple special-purpose control-release fertilizer of mentioning in this file is, October after apple is gathered and the May of Second Year apply at twice, the weight ratio of administered twice Controlled Release Fertilizer is 4: 6～5: 5, but do not mention detailed application process, the also indifference of formula of twice release and release control fertilizer of executing, this has adverse effect for the utilization ratio that improves Controlled Release Fertilizer, because administered twice time phase difference is very large, certainly will cause the nutrient of the 1st institute's fertilise to discharge in advance or rear time applying fertilizer nutrient discharges not exclusively.At present, have no report for the Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers application process of apple.
In agricultural production, fertilizing method is extremely important for the fertilizer efficiency of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer and the raising of apple production.Apple belongs to perennial crop, and along with the increase of growth year, the ability of the Root Absorption nutrient near apart from trunk weakens gradually, along with far away apart from trunk.And particularly there is new root and absorbing capacity is relatively strong in tree crown edge projection place in peripheral root system.Make root that major part has all absorb fertilizer nutrient is to improve utilization rate of fertilizer as far as possible, increases the optimal selection of apple production, and the fertilizing method of apple is mainly around trunk, digging radial furrow or digging annular groove along tree crown edge projection and use at present.This fertilization mode fertilizer is more concentrated, relative few with the contact of root system of the apple, causes utilization rate of fertilizer low, affects the raising of apple production.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides the special fertilizing method of a kind of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in apple tree plantation, to promote the applications well of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer on apple tree, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, increase apple production.
Term explanation:
Slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention refers to the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer that meets China's slow-release or control-release fertilizer professional standard (HG/T3931-2007, on October 1st, 2007 implements).
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The special fertilizing method of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in apple tree plantation, comprises the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer that uses 2～5 months existing controlled release phases, wherein,
(1) to amount to into the total consumption of every apple tree of purity nitrogen be 0.3～0.5 kilogram to slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer, gets the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of described total consumption 30～45% as holostrome fertilizer, evenly uses to turn over bury at apple tree tree crown upright projection ground holostrome; The slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of all the other total consumptions 55～70% applies fertilizer as ditch, digs annular ditch use along tree crown outer rim projection ground place;
(2) described holostrome fertilizer selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases with 1～3: 1～2 mass ratio combination; Ditch fertilising selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 2 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases with 1～2: 1～3 mass ratio combination.
According to the present invention, preferably, the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer that described holostrome is used after front season, apple was gathered to before fallen leaves in conjunction with loosening the soil, weed eradication farming operates and applies fertilizer, fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on tree crown upright projection ground, then turn over and bury, ploughing depth 20-25 centimetre.
According to the present invention, preferred, described ditch is used slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer and is dug annular ditch on tree crown outer rim projection ground, apple tree rudiment in spring forward position, the interior edge of ditch is concordant with tree crown outer rim, ditch depth 25cm～40cm, furrow width 25～40cm, fertilizer is applied in ditch, puddle rear earthing with part soil.
According to the present invention, preferred, described slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer is amounted to into 0.38～0.42 kilogram, every tree of purity nitrogen, get the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of described total consumption 38～42% as holostrome fertilizer, the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of all the other total consumptions 58～62% applies fertilizer as ditch, ditch depth 35cm, furrow width 35cm; The fertile slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases selected of holostrome combines with the mass ratio of 1: 2; Ditch fertilising selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 2 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 1: 1.
According to the present invention, preferred, the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases in described holostrome fertilizer is the heat convertible resin coating urea of 4 months controlled release phases, and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases is selected the thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea of 5 months controlled release phases.Market can be purchased.
According to the present invention, preferably, 2 months controlled release phases slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in described ditch fertilising is selected the sulfur coating urea of 2 months controlled release phases, and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases selects the sulphur priming coat of 3 months controlled release phases to add high molecular polymer double-contracting film urea.Market can be purchased.
The heat convertible resin coating urea of 4 months described controlled release phases, the thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea of 5 months controlled release phases, the sulfur coating urea of 2 months controlled release phases, the sulphur priming coat of 3 months controlled release phases add the double-deck coated carbamide of high molecular polymer and are commercially available prod, also can prepare by prior art.As heat convertible resin coating urea referenced patent file CN1246264C(200410024049.7) " to spray the modified epoxy resin integument release and release control fertilizer of urea as priming coat " preparation, the present invention quotes the full text of this patent document as prior art.Thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea is referring to CN1257136C(200410035783.3) " to reclaim the production method of thermoplastic resin as the film-coated controlled release fertilizer of degradable membrane ".Sulfur coating urea, the double-deck coated carbamide preparation method of sulphur priming coat high molecular polymer are shown in CN1246265C (200410024050.X) " preparation method of the high polymer film-coated controlled release fertilizer taking sulphur as priming coat ", and wherein sulfur coating urea is by the preparation method preparation of the 4th page of 17～23 row sulphur priming coat in this file.
Technical characterstic of the present invention: the nutrient element releasing rule according to slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in soil, absorption characteristics, apple tree root system distribution character and the Apple Culture production practices in soil of apple tree to nitrogen, the aspect such as the applicating ratio of the selection of postpone/Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer controlled release phase, application position, fertilization time, diverse location, fertilization depth, fertilizer amount provides the fertilizing method of a kind of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer on apple tree.Utilize this method to carry out slow/controlled release nitrogen application, can obviously promote apple development to grow, improve slow/controlled release fertilizer utilization efficiency, increase apple production.
Compared with prior art, excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1, increase the absorption of apple tree root system to fertilizer
The application process of a kind of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention on apple tree is according to the Root Distribution situation of apple tree, to concentrate fertilising to combine with disperseing fertilising, greatly increase the contact area of apple tree root system and fertilizer, promoted the absorption of root system to executed slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer.
2, improve slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer nutrientuse efficiency
The present invention has improved apple to slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer nutrientuse efficiency from three aspects, and the one, increase the contact area of apple tree root system and fertilizer; The 2nd, concentrate fertilising and the ratio of disperseing fertilising to select to match with root system of the apple growth and distributed quantity; Moreover the fertilizer releasing period of institute's fertilise absorbs consistent with rate of release with apple tree.
3, increase apple production
The application process of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of the present invention on apple tree obviously improved apple production, and increasing degree is 5%～7%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of fertilizing method of the present invention, wherein, and 1, apple tree tree crown outer rim, 2, tree crown outer rim ground projection line, 3, the fertile application zone of ground holostrome, 4, the annular ditch of ditch fertilising.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but be not limited to this.Percentage described in embodiment, is mass percent.Ratio described in embodiment is all calculated with purity nitrogen.In embodiment, slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer used is commercial product, and Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. produces.Wherein,
The sulfur coating urea of 2 months controlled release phases, the mass ratio that sulfur coating accounts for the fertile urea of core core is 20%.
The sulphur priming coat of 3 months controlled release phases adds the double-deck coated carbamide of high molecular polymer, it is first coating sulphur layer on granular urea, coating high molecular polymer again, wherein sulfur coating accounts for the 20wt% of the fertile urea of core core, and surrounding layer polymer membrane accounts for the 2wt% of gross mass after urea bag sulphur.High molecular polymer is the mixing with 9: 1 mass ratioes of novolac epoxy resin and curing agent triethylene tetramine.The particle diameter of core fertilizer urea is 2～3 millimeters.
The heat convertible resin coating urea of 4 months controlled release phases, is taking granular urea as core core fertilizer, sprays one deck modified epoxy resin integument layer on urea granules, and modified epoxy quality is 7% of core fertilizer quality.Preferably, the coating agent that described modified epoxy resin integument layer uses is prepared by the following method: epoxy resin E-44 and polyurethane PU R are mixed and made into modified epoxy with 9: 1 mass ratioes, then add 10wt% curing agent, 15wt% thinner and 1wt% bentonite to be mixed.Wherein said curing agent, thinner are selected by this area is conventional, particularly preferably curing agent T-593, thinner benzyl glycidyl ether.2～4 millimeters of core fertilizer urea particle diameters.
The thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea of 5 months controlled release phases, to account for urea quality than 7% recovery thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping agent at granular urea peplos one deck, wherein reclaim thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping agent and be that by mass parts, 15 parts of recycle polyethylene plastics and 15 parts to be reclaimed to polystyrene foams miscible in the mixed solvent of 250 parts of carrene and 1: 1 mass ratio of tetrachloro-ethylene, add diatomite, corn flour, rubber powder to make than 2 parts, mixture by the quality of 1: 1: 1.2～4 millimeters of core fertilizer urea particle diameters.
The special fertilizing method of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in apple tree plantation, technical scheme is as follows:
(1) to amount to into the total consumption of every apple tree of purity nitrogen be 0.5 kilogram to slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer; Get the total consumption of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer 30% as holostrome fertilizer, evenly use to turn at apple tree tree crown upright projection ground holostrome and bury; The slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of all the other total consumptions 70% applies fertilizer as ditch, digs annular ditch 4 use along apple tree tree crown outer rim 1 projection ground place.
(2) holostrome fertilizer selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 1: 1; Ditch fertilising selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 2 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 2: 1.Holostrome fertilizer is used 20 centimetres of the degree of depth, and ditch is used 30 centimetres of the degree of depth.
The special fertilizing method of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in apple tree plantation, technical scheme is as follows:
(1) to amount to into the total consumption of every apple tree of purity nitrogen be 0.4 kilogram to slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer; Get the total consumption of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer 40% as holostrome fertilizer, evenly use to turn at apple tree tree crown upright projection ground holostrome and bury; The slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of all the other total consumptions 60% applies fertilizer as ditch, digs annular ditch use along tree crown outer rim projection ground place.
(2) holostrome fertilizer selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 1: 2; Ditch fertilising selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 2 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 1: 1.Holostrome fertilizer is used 25 centimetres of the degree of depth, and ditch is used 35 centimetres of the degree of depth.
The special fertilizing method of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in apple tree plantation, technical scheme is as follows:
(1) to amount to into the total consumption of every apple tree of purity nitrogen be 0.45 kilogram to slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer; Get the total consumption of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer 35% as holostrome fertilizer, evenly use to turn at apple tree tree crown upright projection ground holostrome and bury; The slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of all the other total consumptions 65% applies fertilizer as ditch, digs annular ditch use along tree crown outer rim projection ground place.
(2) holostrome fertilizer selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 2: 1; Ditch fertilising selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 2 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 1: 2.Holostrome fertilizer is used 23 centimetres of the degree of depth, and ditch is used 25 centimetres of the degree of depth.
Embodiment 4
The special fertilizing method of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in apple tree plantation, technical scheme is as follows:
(1) to amount to into the total consumption of every apple tree of purity nitrogen be 0.35 kilogram to slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer; Get the total consumption of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer 45% as holostrome fertilizer, evenly use to turn at apple tree tree crown upright projection ground holostrome and bury; The slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of all the other total consumptions 55% applies fertilizer as ditch, digs annular ditch use along tree crown outer rim projection ground place.
(2) holostrome fertilizer selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 3: 1; Ditch fertilising selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 2 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 1: 3.Holostrome fertilizer is used 22 centimetres of the degree of depth, and ditch is used 40 centimetres of the degree of depth.
Comparative example: the slow/controlled release Fertilizers of employing, consumption, ratio are identical with embodiment, just application process difference.Comparative example fertilizer is to use in the ground ditching of tree crown edge projection before apple tree rudiment in spring.Corresponding 1 embodiment of each comparative example.
Test site: Qixia City of Shandong Province, Yiyuan County, Shandong Province;
Test period: year October in October, 2011 to 2012;
For trying apple variety: Qixia City loud, high-pitched sound, Yiyuan County is Fuji apple;
If embodiment 1～4 and comparative example 1～4 be totally 8 processing.5 trees of each processing.Every tree of embodiment and comparative example is all unified 10 kilograms of application of organic fertilizers, 0.5 kilogram of diammonium phosphate, and 0.5 kilogram of potassium sulfate, other control measures are carried out routinely.Effect is in table 1.
The effect of table 1. embodiment 1～4 compared with comparative example
Claims (2)
1. the special fertilizing method of slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in apple tree plantation, comprises the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer that uses 2 ~ 5 months existing controlled release phases, wherein,
(1) to amount to into the total consumption of every apple tree of purity nitrogen be 0.3～0.5 kilogram to slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer, gets the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of described total consumption 30～45% as holostrome fertilizer, evenly uses to turn over bury at apple tree tree crown upright projection ground holostrome; The slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of all the other total consumptions 55～70% applies fertilizer as ditch, digs annular ditch use along tree crown outer rim projection ground place;
The slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer that described holostrome is used after front season, apple was gathered to before fallen leaves in conjunction with loosening the soil, weed eradication farming operates and applies fertilizer, and fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on tree crown upright projection ground, then turn over and bury, ploughing depth 20-25 centimetre;
Described ditch is used slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer and is dug annular ditch on tree crown outer rim projection ground, apple tree rudiment in spring forward position, and the interior edge of ditch is concordant with tree crown outer rim, ditch depth 25cm～40cm, and furrow width 25～40cm, applies fertilizer in ditch, puddles rear earthing with part soil;
(2) described holostrome fertilizer selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases with 1～3: 1～2 mass ratio combination; Ditch fertilising selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 2 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases with 1～2: 1～3 mass ratio combination;
The slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases in described holostrome fertilizer is the heat convertible resin coating urea of 4 months controlled release phases, and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases is selected the thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea of 5 months controlled release phases;
2 months controlled release phases slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer in described ditch fertilising is selected the sulfur coating urea of 2 months controlled release phases, and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases selects the sulphur priming coat of 3 months controlled release phases to add high molecular polymer double-contracting film urea.
2. fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer amounts to into 0.38～0.42 kilogram, every of purity nitrogen tree, get the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of described total consumption 38～42% as holostrome fertilizer, the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of all the other total consumptions 58～62% applies fertilizer as ditch, ditch depth 35cm, furrow width 35cm; The fertile slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 4 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 5 months controlled release phases selected of holostrome combines with the mass ratio of 1: 2; Ditch fertilising selects the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 2 months controlled release phases and the slow/controlled release nitrogenous fertilizer of 3 months controlled release phases to combine with the mass ratio of 1: 1.
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