CN102358713B - Jiaodong peninsula soil regulation type fruit tree special controlled release fertilizer, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Jiaodong peninsula soil regulation type fruit tree special controlled release fertilizer, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Jiaodong peninsula soil regulation type fruit tree special controlled release fertilizer, a preparation method and an application thereof. The fruit tree special controlled release fertilizer comprises a soil regulation composition, 5% humic acid coated urea, 5% humic acid coated potassium nitrate, urea undercoated 5% modified epoxy resin coated potassium nitrate, urea undercoated 4% modified epoxy resin coated diammonium phosphate, 5% recycled thermoplastic resin coated urea and diammonium phosphate. The fruit tree special controlled release fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing various raw materials. The fruit tree special controlled release fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer in one time, and does not require dressing. According to the present invention, with the nutrient condition and the acidification characteristics of the Jiaodong peninsula soil, the accurate compounding is performed to form the special controlled release fertilizer, wherein the special controlled release fertilizer provides a regulation effect for the soil, the nutrient ratio and the nutrient releasing basically meet the nutrient absorption regularity of the main fruit trees in Jiaodong peninsula; the fertilizer utilization efficiency is significantly improved; the yield is increased; the physiological diseases due to nutrient deficiency are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of release and release control fertilizer, particularly a kind of soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer and preparation and application that is applicable to Jiaodong Peninsula belongs to release and release control fertilizer production and applied technical field.
Background technology
The Shandong Province is one of important fruit grown place of northern China, apple cultivation area and output occupy second and first that national each province divides respectively, and Jiaodong Peninsula is the main fruit belt of Shandong Province, famous-brand and high-quality special products such as the Yantai apple that gains national fame, Laiyang pear are just arranged in history, the Yantai large cherry that develops rapidly in recent years, the high-grade fruit of China especially.
The soil of Jiaodong Peninsula is based on brown earth, damp brown earth and part cinnamon soil, and soil acidity or alkalinity (pH value) is fit to as fruit tree growths such as apple, pears, peach, cherry, grapes 5.0～8.0 very much.But along with increase and the unreasonable of chemical fertilizer of the planting fruit trees time limit are used, in recent years, obvious variation had taken place in orchard soil character, and wherein topmost is exactly that soil acidity increases (decline of pH value), and soil nutrient is unbalance.For example, the eighties in last century, orchard soil pH value is that 0, pH value 4.6～5.5 accounts for 0.7%, pH value 5.6～6.5 and accounts for 18.6%, pH value 6.6～7.5 and account for 71.6% less than 4.5 proportion; And 2005～2007 years, the pH value is 3.4% less than 4.5 proportion, and pH value 4.6～5.5 accounts for 63.5%, and pH value 5.6～6.6 accounts for 25.6%, and pH value 6.6～7.5 accounts for 6.4%.Soil acidification is very obvious, and it is the validity reduction of soil phosphorus as a result, and nutritive elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium run off to be increased, and the apple bitter bean illness that is caused by calcium deficiency takes place in a large number; Simultaneously, the increase of soil acidity improves the solvability of soil manganese, and the fruit scurf that causes thus also often takes place.
CN101717307A (200910262913.X) discloses a kind of fruit-specific fertilizer material and preparation method.Each active constituent content of this document is: nitrogen 39.1-41%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 17.2-20%, potassium oxide 28.7-31%, zinc 0.2-0.5%, boron 0.06-0.1%, iron 0.17-0.2%, magnesium oxide 3.8-5.2%, additive 1-2%.This invention belongs to common fruit-specific fertilizer, does not have nutrient controlled release and soil opsonization.
CN101172904 (200710114216.0), CN101200397 (200710115646.4), CN101234936 (200810014311.8) provide apple, cherry, pear tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer and manufacture method thereof respectively.These several controlled releases fertile all according to they separately fruit tree law of nutritive absorption, utilize the fertile raw material of different controlled releases through composite making, can accomplish single fertilization, needn't topdress saving of labor, laborsaving, raising utilization rate of fertilizer.Though these fertilizer belong to the fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer, part still has some deficits.At first, they only provide nutrient, and soil is not had opsonization.Secondly, it is poor that the orchard soil nutrient situation in the nutrient proportioning of these fertilizer and releasing rule and Jiaodong Peninsula area and fruit tree absorb specific aim.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer and preparation and application at the Jiaodong Peninsula soil characteristic.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to Jiaodong Peninsula soil nutrient status and acidifying characteristics, utilization has shock absorption to soil ph also can be to organism and the inorganics of fruit tree extra-nutrition, accurately composite as raw material with the controlled release fertilizer of Different Nutrients release characteristics again, form the special-purpose control-release fertilizer that soil is had opsonization, the main fruit tree law of nutritive absorption of nutrient proportioning and the release basic symbols rubber alloy peninsula, east.The results showed, can obviously improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, increase output, reduce the physiological disturbance that is caused by nutritional deficiency.
The term explanation:
1, Jiaodong Peninsula mainly refers to Qingdao, Yantai, the area, Weihai of Shandong Province.
2, fruit tree refers to apple, pear tree, cherry, grape etc.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Jiaodong Peninsula soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer, raw materials quality part is as follows:
30～45 parts of soil care compositions,
10～20 parts in 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea,
5% reclaims 15～25 parts in thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea,
7～15 parts in urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre,
2～4 parts of urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate,
3～8 parts in 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre,
5～12 parts of diammonium phosphate.
Described soil care composition is to be made through mixing granulation for 20～30 parts by 30～40 parts of potassium humates, 30～50 parts of calcium humates, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, and the consumption umber is mass parts.Potassium humate, calcium humate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate are the commercially available prod.
Described 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre are, serve as nuclear core fertilizer with granular urea, particle saltpetre, outside nuclear core fertilizer, spray a layer binder respectively, spray the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck again, solidify the back and repeat said process, reach binding agent and account for 1% of the fertile quality of nuclear core respectively, weathered coal accounts for 5% of the fertile quality of nuclear core.To be Resins, epoxy and triethylene tetramine be mixed and made into by 1: 0.10 mass ratio described binding agent.This two kinds of raw materials, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea and 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre are the commercially available prod, Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. is on sale, also can be by patent document CN100556866C (200810139610.4) disclosed " a kind of humic acid control-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof " preparation, the present invention quotes the full text of this patent document as prior art.Preferably, urea, saltpetre particle diameter are 2～3 millimeters.
Described urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre, urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate are, serve as nuclear core fertilizer with particle saltpetre, particle diammonium phosphate respectively, the urea undercoat accounts for 5% of nuclear core fertilizer quality, and modified epoxy resin integument layer quality is 5%, 4% of core fertilizer quality.Preferably, the coating agent that described modified epoxy resin integument layer uses prepares by the following method: epoxy resin E-44 and polyurethane PU R are mixed and made into modified epoxy with 9: 1 mass ratioes, add 10wt% solidifying agent, 15wt% thinner and 1wt% wilkinite again and be mixed and made into.Wherein said solidifying agent, thinner are selected special preferred consolidation agent T-593, thinner benzyl glycidyl ether by this area is conventional.
This two kinds of raw material urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre and urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate, Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. is on sale, also can by patent document CN 1246264C (200410024049.7) " with the spraying urea be the modified epoxy resin integument release and release control fertilizer of undercoat " preparation, the present invention quotes the full text of this patent document as prior art.
Described 5% reclaims thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea is, account for urea quality than 5% recovery thermoplastic resin at granular urea peplos one deck, wherein reclaiming thermoplastic resin is: 3 parts of recovery vinyons and 3 parts of recovery polystyrene foams are miscible in the mixed solvent of 50 parts of methylene dichloride and 1: 1 mass ratio of zellon, and adding diatomite, Semen Maydis powder, rubber powder are made for 0.5 part than mixture by 1: 1: 1 quality.Preferably, the urea particle diameter is 2～4 millimeters.Described 5% reclaims thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. produces and sells, also can be by prior art for preparing, preparation described in CN 1257136C (200410035783.3) " be the production method of the film-coated controlled release fertilizer of degradable membrane to reclaim thermoplastic resin ".
Described diammonium phosphate, the commercially available prod, nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES quality percentage composition are respectively 18%, 46%, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters.
In the soil care composition, the phosphorus pentoxide content 12-18% in the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium oxide 25-30%, magnesium oxide 10-15% are mass percent.
According to the present invention, optimized technical scheme is as follows:
Jiaodong Peninsula soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer, raw materials quality part is as follows:
38～42 parts of soil care compositions,
14～16 parts in 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea,
5% reclaims 18～20 parts in thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea,
11～13 parts in urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre,
2.5～3.5 parts of urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate,
3.5～4.5 parts in 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre,
6～8 parts of diammonium phosphate.
The preparation method of soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer of the present invention, step is as follows:
(1) preparation soil care composition
Potassium humate, calcium humate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate are mixed, by the prior art granulation, namely.2～4 millimeters of particle diameters.
(2) soil care composition, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea, 5% recovery thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre, urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre, diammonium phosphate are put into stirrer together by proportioning and stirred 5～8 minutes, fully mixing namely.
Then the fertilizer that mixes is measured, packs.
The application of soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer of the present invention, described fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer do that base manure is disposable to apply, and no longer impose.Application process is that projection line digs dark 20～40 centimetres ditch at the tree crown edge, and fertilizer is applied back and part mixing with soil, waters behind the earthing.Described fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer fertilizer amount, folding synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total amount, 40～50 kilograms every mu.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1, orchard soil there is opsonization
In recent years, along with the increase of the planting fruit trees time limit and using in a large number of chemical fertilizer, obvious variation has taken place in Jiaodong Peninsula orchard soil character, wherein topmost is exactly that soil acidity increases (decline of pH value), it is the validity reduction of soil phosphorus as a result, nutritive elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium run off to increase, and the fruit scurf that the physiological disease that is caused by nutritional deficiency and the activity increase of soil manganese cause takes place in a large number.Special-purpose control-release fertilizer of the present invention has added humate and the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate that soil ph is had shock absorption, can alleviate soil acidification to the disadvantageous effect of fruit tree growth, improves output, improves quality.
2, the nutrient proportioning is fit to the Jiaodong Peninsula soil nutrient status
Fertilizer of the present invention is in investigation and has consulted China's Jiaodong Peninsula orchard soil nutrient data, and in conjunction with utilizing different controlled release fertilizer as accurate composite the making of raw material after the fruit tree nutrition absorption characteristics, obviously improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.
3, nutrient discharges and is fit to the main fruit tree absorption of Jiaodong Peninsula requirement
Fertilizer of the present invention is according to the nutrient element releasing rule of the fertile raw material of different controlled releases in the soil of area, Shandong and accurate composite the making of nutrition absorption characteristics of fruit tree, can satisfy the nutrition absorption requirement of each growth phase of fruit tree.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.But the raw material among the embodiment all market is buied, also can be by prior art for preparing, and the method that provides of CN100556866C (200810139610.4) and CN 1246264C (200410024049.7), CN1257136C (200410035783.3) for example.Potassium humate, calcium humate: Baoding, Hebei province ten thousand state humic acid research and development centres produce.Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate: the prosperous new company limited in Guizhou produces, and contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 15%, and calcium oxide, content of magnesia are respectively 26%, 12%.
Embodiment 1: Jiaodong Peninsula soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer, and feed composition is as follows:
Soil care composition 40kg,
5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea 15kg,
5% reclaims thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea 19kg,
Urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre 12kg,
Urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate 3kg,
5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre 4kg,
Diammonium phosphate 7kg.
The preparation method:
(1) gets potassium humate 40kg, calcium humate 30kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 30kg, mix, by the prior art granulation, namely get the soil care composition.2～4 millimeters of particle diameters.
(2) soil care composition, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea, 5% recovery thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre, urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre, diammonium phosphate are put into stirrer together by proportioning and stirred 5 minutes, fully mixing namely.Then the fertilizer that mixes is measured, packs.
Embodiment 2: Jiaodong Peninsula soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer, and feed composition is as follows:
Soil care composition 35kg,
5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea 20kg,
5% reclaims thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea 15kg,
Urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre 10kg,
Urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate 2kg,
5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre 8kg,
Diammonium phosphate 10kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: Jiaodong Peninsula soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer, and feed composition is as follows:
Soil care composition 45kg,
5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea 12kg,
5% reclaims thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea 17kg,
Urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre 8kg,
Urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate 4kg,
5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre 6kg,
Diammonium phosphate 8kg.
The preparation method:
(1) gets potassium humate 30kg, calcium humate 50kg, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 20kg, mix, by the prior art granulation, namely get the soil care composition.2～4 millimeters of particle diameters.
(2) soil care composition, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea, 5% recovery thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre, urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre, diammonium phosphate are put into stirrer together by proportioning and stirred 8 minutes, fully mixing namely.Then the fertilizer that mixes is measured, packs.
Embodiment 4: Jiaodong Peninsula soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer, and feed composition is as follows:
Soil care composition 30kg,
5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea 10kg,
5% reclaims thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea 23kg,
Urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre 15kg,
Urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate 3kg,
5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre 7kg,
Diammonium phosphate 12kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 3.
Comparative Examples: common urea, nitrogen content 46%; Compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 15%, 15%, 15%, are mass percent.
The effect of above embodiment 1～4 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
Test site: Yantai City, Shandong Province Mouping District, Shandong Province's Laiyang City.
Test period: year October in October, 2009 to 2010.
For trying fruit tree: Mouping District is apple tree, kind: the Fuji apple; Laiyang is pear tree, kind: weak pears.
Embodiment 1-4 and Comparative Examples fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient consumption are identical, 45 kilograms every mu.Embodiment fertilizer is all after last 1 year fruit harvesting finishes, and is disposable employed with application of organic fertilizers in conjunction with loosening the soil.Fertilizing method is that projection line digs dark 30 centimetres ditch at the tree crown edge, and fertilizer is applied back and part mixing with soil, waters behind the earthing.Comparative Examples fertilizer is used and is adopted peasant's ordinary method.Effect sees Table 1.
Table 1. is compared the application effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
Claims (5)
1. Jiaodong Peninsula soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer is characterized in that raw materials quality part is as follows:
Described soil care composition is to be made through mixing granulation for 20～30 parts by 30～40 parts of potassium humates, 30～50 parts of calcium humates, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, and the consumption umber is mass parts;
Described 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre are, serve as nuclear core fertilizer with granular urea, particle saltpetre, outside nuclear core fertilizer, spray a layer binder respectively, spray the weathered coal of the air-dry pulverizing of one deck again, solidify the back and repeat said process, reach binding agent and account for 1% of the fertile quality of nuclear core respectively, weathered coal accounts for 5% of the fertile quality of nuclear core; To be Resins, epoxy and triethylene tetramine be mixed and made into by 1: 0.10 mass ratio described binding agent;
Described urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre, urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate are, serve as nuclear core fertilizer with particle saltpetre, particle diammonium phosphate respectively, the urea undercoat accounts for 5% of nuclear core fertilizer quality, and modified epoxy resin integument layer quality is respectively 5%, 4% of core fertilizer quality; The coating agent that described modified epoxy resin integument layer uses prepares by the following method: epoxy resin E-44 and polyurethane PU R are mixed and made into modified epoxy with 9: 1 mass ratioes, add 10wt% solidifying agent, 15wt% thinner and 1wt% wilkinite again and be mixed and made into;
Described 5% reclaims thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea is, account for urea quality than 5% recovery thermoplastic resin at granular urea peplos one deck, wherein reclaiming thermoplastic resin is: 3 parts of recovery vinyons and 3 parts of recovery polystyrene foams are miscible in the mixed solvent of 50 parts of methylene dichloride and 1: 1 mass ratio of zellon, and adding diatomite, Semen Maydis powder, rubber powder are made for 0.5 part than mixture by 1: 1: 1 quality;
Described diammonium phosphate, nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES quality percentage composition are respectively 18%, 46%;
In the soil care composition, the phosphorus pentoxide content 12-18% in the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, calcium oxide, content of magnesia are respectively 25-30%, 10-15%, are mass percent.
2. Jiaodong Peninsula soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that raw materials quality part is as follows:
3. the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizers, step is as follows:
(1) preparation soil care composition
Potassium humate, calcium humate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate are mixed, by the prior art granulation, namely; 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters;
(2) soil care composition, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping urea, 5% recovery thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, urea undercoat 5% modified epoxy resin integument saltpetre, urea undercoat 4% modified epoxy resin integument diammonium phosphate, 5% humic acid membrane wrapping saltpetre, diammonium phosphate are put into stirrer together by proportioning and stirred 5～8 minutes, fully mixing namely.
4. the application of claim 1 or 2 described soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizers, wherein said fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer do that base manure is disposable to apply, and no longer impose; Application process is that projection line digs dark 20～40 centimetres ditch at the tree crown edge, and fertilizer is applied back and part mixing with soil, waters behind the earthing.
5. the application of soil conditioning type fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described fruit tree special-purpose control-release fertilizer consumption, folding synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total amount, 40～50 kilograms every mu.
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| CN102951968B (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-12-18 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled release fertilizer containing high-efficiency calcium and iron nutrition for apples as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103109636B (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-06-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Special fertilizing method of slow/controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in apple tree planting |
| CN108002927B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-07-28 | 山东农业大学 | Functional controlled-release blended fertilizer for improving soil acidification and preparation method thereof |
| CN111302864A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-06-19 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | Special fertilizer for apples and fertilizing method |
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| CN101368104B (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2010-06-16 | 沈笑天 | Soil conditioner and organic fertilizer containing soil conditioner, and method of producing the same |
| CN101781155A (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-07-21 | 北京市农林科学院 | Nutrient slowly-released type substrate block for vegetable seedling |
| CN101870624B (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2011-08-10 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Rice special controlled-release fertilizer applied once in processes of rice transplantation and seedling culture and preparation method thereof |
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