CN103109311B - 多感测环境监视设备与方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种用于检测及警告用户给定物质的有害健康水平的环境监视设备,该监视设备具有用于每种要检测的物质的多于一个传感器。用于要检测的每种物质的每个传感器可以设置在设备上多于一个平面或表面中。所述设备可以能够自动校准或自校准。还公开了用于读取物质水平和自动校准的方法。
Description
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2010年6月25日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/358,729的优先权。
技术领域
本发明的实施方式总体上涉及环境监视设备。
背景技术
在许多工业的工作环境中,工人处于暴露于多种危险性环境物质的危险之中,例如有毒的或者高度易燃的气体、缺氧环境或者辐射等等,这些都对工人的安全构成严重的威胁。为了保证工人安全,使用专门的环境监视设备来提醒工人其直接所处环境中的危险变化。
现行实践涉及使用监视其部署位置周围环境的固定点监视设备或者由工人携带以便监视其直接所处的附近区域的便携式监视设备。固定点监视设备一般用在潜在危险的地点(例如封闭的空间)周围,以在工人进入之前警告他们。便携式监视设备常常用于个人保护。这些监视设备可以具有监视一种特定物质的单个传感器或者各自监视不同物质的多个传感器(一般是两个至六个)。
假定这些环境监视设备是生命攸关的,那么设备适当和准确地工作就很重要。目前的实践涉及周期性的碰撞测试和监视设备校准,以保证正常工作。碰撞测试涉及把监视设备暴露于测定的气体量并且验证设备如设计的那样作出响应,即,感测到气体并给出警报。校准涉及把设备暴露于测定的气体量并且调整传感器的增益,使得其准确地读出气体的量。校准的目的是维持监视设备随时间的精度。
由领先的环境监视器制造商所遵循的最佳现行办法建议在每天工作之前碰撞测试监视设备并且至少每三十天校准设备一次。尽管许多制造商出售当监视设备对接时自动执行校准和碰撞测试的自动化对接站,但是现行实践还有许多缺点。
固定的碰撞与校准策略,例如目前所实践的,不考虑传感器或环境监视设备的实际状态。这种固定策略(每天的碰撞测试和每三十天的校准)就其本质而言是许多情况下过于严格和许多其它情况下过于自由的折中。
假定对接操作需要用户把监视器带到中央位置以便执行碰撞测试和校准,所述中央位置通常在工作区域外面,那么在不危及安全的情况下尽可能多地最小化/优化这个操就很有价值。
阈限值(TLV),即,对大多数人不会造成不利的健康影响的、随时间重复暴露于危险性物质的最大暴露,随着科学认识和证据的增长及我们积累更多的经验而不断地被监管机构减小。这些减小常常是相当惊人的,如在最近(2010年2月)由美国政府工业卫生学家会议(ACGIH)所推荐的对H2S暴露的减小。ACGIH把针对H2S的对八个小时平均的TLV从10ppm的时间加权平均值(TWA)减小到1ppm的TWA。这种减小的影响使得重视测量的准确性。固定校准策略的现行实践,例如每三十天一次的校准,可能不足以保证准确性的水平满足更严格的新兴TLV。尽管校准间隔频率全面减小,即,从三十天减小,将有助于提高准确性,但是这将给环境监视设备的使用与维护增加显著的成本。
由一些人推行的、对这个问题的一种解决方案是使用具有更高准确度和漂移容限的更新更先进技术的传感器,最小化对校准与碰撞测试的需求。尽管这种方法当然有价值,但是这些新兴传感器的成本常常阻碍其广泛的使用,尤其是在需要部署大量这些监视器的个人监视应用中更是如此。
出于以上所提到的所有原因,开发使用当前低成本传感器技术同时仍然满足新兴TLV规则并且允许考虑传感器和监视设备状态的更自适应校准/碰撞策略的监视器就很有价值。
发明内容
在一个总的方面,本发明的实施方式总体上涉及具有用于每一种要检测的物质的至少两个传感器、显示器、处理单元和报警器的监视设备。传感器可以设置在设备的多于一个平面或表面上。处理单元可以自动或自校准传感器。另一种实施方式涉及监视设备的网络。其它实施方式涉及利用具有针对物质的至少两个传感器的监视设备监视所述物质并且自动或自校准传感器的方法。
从示出其实施方式的以下描述和附图,本发明的那些及其它细节、目标和优点将变得更好理解或者显而易见。
附图说明
附图示出了本发明实施方式的例子。在这些图中:
图1A、1B和1C示出了具有检测相同物质并且设置在设备的不同平面或表面上的两个传感器的监视设备,而图1D示出了根据本发明各种实施方式、具有三个传感器的监视设备;
图2示出了示出根据本发明各种实施方式的监视设备的几个部件的框图;
图3示出了根据本发明各种实施方式的示例AI逻辑的流程图;以及
图4A示出了具有安置在多个外罩中并且连接到中央处理单元的多个传感器的监视设备,而图4B示出了根据本发明各种实施方式的监视设备的网络。
具体实施方式
本发明的各种实施方式涉及用于对物质的环境监视的监视设备和方法,其中所述物质例如但不限于气体、液体、核辐射等。
在一种实施方式中,如图1A-C中所示出的,监视设备90具有检测相同物质的至少两个传感器,200a和200b。传感器可以设置在设备90的多于一个平面或表面中。设备90还具有显示器202;用户接口102,例如但不限于,用于控制和数据输入的至少一个按键或键盘、按钮或触摸屏;报警器203,在图1C和1D中示出,例如但不限于,音频、视觉或振动;及外罩104。监视设备90可以具有允许用户触发报警机制的用户应急按钮106,在图1A和1B中示出。在一个例子中,如在图1A和1B中所示出的,传感器200a和200b在设备90的相对侧。在另一个例子中,如在图1C中所示出的,传感器200a在设备90的前面而传感器200b在顶部。在又一个例子中,如在图1D中所示出的,设备90具有感测相同物质并且设置在设备90的不同平面或表面中的三个传感器,200a-c。传感器200在不同且多个平面中的设置大大减小了多于一个传感器发生故障的可能性,例如由于被设备90掉下来的碎片阻塞所造成的故障。监视设备90可以具有用于每种要检测的物质的多于一个传感器200,即,设备90可以检测多于一种物质。用于每种物质的传感器200可以设置在设备90的多于一个的平面或表面上。例如,设备90可以具有设置在设备90不同表面或平面上的、用于H2S的两个传感器200a和200b,例如一个在顶部,一个在侧面,还有设置在设备90不同表面或平面上的用于氧的两个传感器200c和200d,例如一个在顶部,一个在侧面。
在另一种实施方式中,如图2中所示,监视设备90具有检测相同物质的多个传感器200a-n。将多于一个传感器200用于要检测的每种物质的一个好处是监视设备的碰撞测试与校准频率的减少。作为例子,在实践当中,基于现场分析数据已经发现,一般用于气体检测的监视设备类型以每天0.3%的比率发生故障,因此需要每天的碰撞测试;但是,利用两个传感器,每周的碰撞测试就可以获得等效的安全性,由此,把碰撞测试减少了七倍。
在进一步的实施方式中,如图2中所示,监视设备90具有处理单元201;感测相同物质的多个传感器200a-n,所述物质例如但不限于气体;显示器202;将生成报警的报警器203,例如但不限于音频、视觉和/或振动报警;及存储器204,用于存储例如但不限于历史性传感器和校准/碰撞测试数据。处理单元201与传感器200a-n接口连接并且确定要显示的实际读数。所述实际读数可以是,例如但不限于,传感器200a-n读数的最大值、最小值、算术运算、平均值、中值或者模式。所述实际读数可以基于人工智能(AI)逻辑。为了确定实际的读数,AI逻辑机制考虑,例如但不限于,来自多个传感器200a-n的读数、存储器204中的历史性传感器性能数据、传感器200的跨度储备(span reserve)、传感器200的增益、温度等。在另一个例子中,作为所显示实际读数为n个传感器200a-n集合的最大值的一种备选方案,所显示的实际读数可以如下计算,其中R表示所显示的读数,而Ri表示由传感器i感测到的读数:然后,处理单元可以基于所得到的实际读数显示需要采取的可能动作,例如但不限于,激活报警器、请求用户校准、在显示器上指示传感器不正常工作、指示环境中气体或其它物质的当前读数、自动校准在校准范围之外的传感器,等等。
人工智能逻辑方法的一个例子是把两个传感器200a和200b中较大的读数或者多个传感器200a-n中较大的读数与一个阈值量进行比较,并且如果传感器超过了该阈值量,就将生成报警机制。AI逻辑的另一个例子需要通过基于当前传感器200a-n的可靠性所指定的权重,即,加权平均值,偏置传感器读数与阈值量之间的比较。这些权重可以,例如但不限于,从历史性校准和碰撞测试性能来学习。标准的机器学习、AI和统计技术可以用于学习目的。作为例子,传感器200的可靠性可以从传感器200的跨度储备或者可选地从其增益来测量。增益越高或者跨度储备越低,则可以认为传感器200越不可靠。可以适当地指定权重,朝着更可靠的传感器200a-n偏置集合物质浓度读数(或者所显示的读数)。考虑R表示所显示的读数,Ri表示由传感器i感测到的读数,而wi表示与传感器i关联的权重:其中权重wi(0<w≥1)与传感器i的跨度读数成正比或者与增益Gi成反比。可选地,wi可以从增益wi与跨度储备或增益Gi之间关系的历史数据分析导出。在现场执行的碰撞测试与校准测试的历史数据,例如但不限于,可以用于导出这种数据。
此外,如图3中所示出的,如果任何两个或多个传感器200之间的读数差大于某个阈值tc,那么监视设备90就将生成报警或者在显示器202中的视觉指示,请求通过对接站上的对接或者手动地对设备90执行校准,其中所述阈值tc可以按绝对项或者相对百分比来确定而且可以随物质改变。另外,如果读数差大于某个更高的阈值tf,那么监视设备190就将生成报警和/或在显示器202上指示表示传感器故障的消息。
在有些情况下,例如但不限于,在氧传感器的情况下,多个传感器200a-n的最小读数可以用于触发指示缺氧环境的报警。
在另一种实施方式中,监视设备90可以具有朝向传感器,例如但不限于加速度计,这将允许人工智能逻辑将相对传感器朝向考虑在内,从而考虑例如比空气气体重将相对于较高位置的传感器更多地影响较低位置的传感器并比空气传感器影响轻的事实。基于朝向对读数进行调节的程度可以例如但不限于,从校准数据、现场测试、传感器间的距离等来学习,并且用于调节来自设备90上多个位置的读数,以便在期望的位置(例如利用环境监视设备90作为个人保护设备时用户的呼吸区域或者所定义空间中的具体位置)给出最准确的读数。
另一种实施方式涉及具有检测单种物质的多个传感器200a-n的网络500,所述多个传感器安设置在单独的封装中,彼此相邻放置,例如,依赖于要监视的区域,距离从英寸到英尺,并且彼此直接地和/或与中央处理单元通过无线或有线连接通信。见图4A和4B。外罩104中的每一个都可以具有单独的处理单元201、存储器204和AI处理逻辑,如图4B中所示。可选地,或者组合地,传感器单元将共享中央处理单元201和存储器204,如图4A中所示。
基于多个传感器读数200a-n,利用标准的AI和机器学习技术等,处理单元将调节传感器200a-n的增益,从而更接近匹配用于每种物质的大部分传感器200a-n,即,最小化传感器之间的差异。所述差异可以是,例如但不限于,统计方差、例如欧几里得距离或者从传感器读数的平均值、加权平均值、平均数、中值等计算出的其它差异度量。这将允许边远位置的传感器200a-n的自动或自校准,而不需要利用手动方法或对接站使用校准气体。在一个例子中,如果考虑感测特定气体(例如H2S)的n个传感器200a-n,并且Ri是代表由传感器i感测到的H2S浓度的读数,而M是n个传感器读数的中值,那么,由Gi给出的、每个传感器的增益可以调节成使得读数Ri朝该中值移动一个由权重w(0<w≥1)给出的小量。对于每个传感器i(i在(1,n)之间):在监视设备90在现场暴露于物质的任何时候执行这种增益调节,例如,作为日常操作的一部分,将减少所需校准的频率,由此,既通过例如气体的校准消耗的减少直接地节省了资金,而且还节省了花时间执行校准所涉及的成本。使用单个气体传感器用于检测每种气体类型的目前的监视设备需要更频繁的校准计划,由此导致显著的成本。
尽管本发明当前优选的实施方式已经示出并进行了描述,但是应当理解,具体实施方式和附图的给出是为了说明而不是限制。在由所附权利要求定义的本发明范围之内,本发明可以别的方式变化、修改或者改变。
例子
以下讨论说明了本发明实施方式的一个非限制性例子。
用作戴在人身上的小型便携式设备并且主要用作个人保护装备的单种气体监视器可以用于检测该设备持有人呼吸区域内的气体。气体监视器设计成监视以下气体中的一种:
传感器设置在监视设备的两个单独的平面上,例如图1A-C中所绘出的。读数的气体浓度是按以下方式计算的:
如果读数高于(或者在氧气的情况下是低于)用户定义的报警阈值,就生成音频和视觉报警。
另外,如果读数>0.5*abs(报警阈值-正常读数)并且如果
就执行如上所述基于增益的自动校准。自动校准可以基于监视设备中用户定义的设置进行,而不需要来自监视设备的用户的进一步输入,和/或用户将得到气体监视器已经检测到异常并请求允许进行自动校准的通知。
如果就向用户显示立即利用校准气体校准气体监视器的消息。
每个传感器的增益是在自动或自校准过程中如下修改的:
Claims (14)
1.一种用于监视物质的监视设备,包括:
一组至少两个传感器(200a,200b),该组至少两个传感器中的每个传感器分别监视同一物质,并且响应于对所述同一物质的检测提供相应的输出信号;
可操作地耦接到存储器(204)的处理单元(201),所述处理单元被配置为基于每一个相应的输出信号确定针对所述物质的检测信号;
显示器(202),被配置为根据所述检测信号呈现针对所述物质的检测状况;
报警器(203),被配置为响应于所述检测信号从与所述物质的预定浓度相对应的水平偏离而被激活;
用户接口;以及
可操作地耦接到所述处理单元的朝向传感器,所述朝向传感器被配置为提供指示所述监视设备的朝向的朝向输出信号,其中所述处理单元被配置为基于所述朝向输出信号确定该组至少两个传感器中的每一个的传感器朝向,并且基于传感器朝向调整该组至少两个传感器中的至少一个的浓度读数以确定检测信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的监视设备,其中该组至少两个传感器设置在所述设备的多于一个平面或表面中。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的监视设备,其中所述处理单元被配置为执行以下操作中的至少一项:
自动校准该组至少两个传感器中的传感器;以及
从用户请求自动校准该组至少两个传感器中的传感器的许可。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的监视设备,其中所述处理单元确定在读取时在传感器之间的标准偏移,并且当在读取时在传感器之间的标准偏移超过预定值时,所述处理单元使所述显示器指示用户使用物质的测量量来校准所述监视设备。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的监视设备,其中该组至少两个传感器中的传感器位于分离的外罩中,并且通过有线或无线连接连接到所述处理单元。
6.一种利用监视设备监视至少一种物质的方法,所述监视设备具有一组至少两个传感器(200a,200b),其中该组至少两个传感器中的每一个传感器被配置为检测同一物质,所述方法包括:
通过该组至少两个传感器检测物质的多个浓度,该组至少两个传感器中的每一个传感器相对于任意其它传感器分别地检测浓度;
计算要在显示器上呈现的实际读数,所述实际读数由所述多个浓度确定;
将所述实际读数与阈限值进行比较;
响应于所述实际读数超出所述阈限值而致动报警器;
从朝向传感器接收设备朝向信息,所述朝向传感器被配置为表示所述监视设备的物理朝向;以及
基于所述监视设备的物理朝向确定该组至少两个传感器的传感器朝向,
其中计算物质的显示读数还包括基于该组至少两个传感器的传感器朝向补偿所述显示读数。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中计算物质的实际读数包括以下各项中的至少一项:确定由用于该物质的相应传感器检测到的最大读数,确定由用于该物质的相应传感器检测到的最小读数,以及确定由该组至少两个传感器中的传感器检测到的相应读数的平均值或加权平均值。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中计算物质的实际读数包括响应于所述设备的朝向对实际读数进行补偿。
9.如权利要求6-8中任何一项所述的方法,还包括确定由该组至少两个传感器中的一个传感器检测到的浓度读数相比于该组至少两个传感器中的其它传感器是否偏离了阈值量;以及
响应于浓度偏离了阈值量执行以下操作中的至少一项:生成利用该组至少两个传感器监视的物质的测量量校准所述一个传感器的用户指令,生成自动校准所述一个传感器的用户指令,以及自动地校准所述一个传感器或者生成指示传感器故障的信号。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述一个传感器通过调节偏离了阈值量的该组至少两个传感器中的传感器的增益以便最小化用于所述物质的传感器之间的差异,而响应于浓度偏离了阈值量自动地校淮。
11.一种用于监视至少一种物质的浓度的监视设备,所述监视设备包括:
一组至少两个传感器(200a,200b),该组至少两个传感器中的每个传感器分别在暴露于同一物质时提供电气输出信号,该组至少两个传感器中的每一个传感器相对于所述设备的所有其它传感器分别地检测所述物质;
可操作地耦接到存储器(204)的处理单元(201),所述处理单元被配置为基于每一个相应的输出信号确定针对所述物质的检测信号;
显示器(202),被配置为根据所述检测信号,呈现针对所述物质的检测状况;
报警器(203),被配置为响应于所述检测信号从对应于所述物质的预定浓度的水平偏离而被激活;
用户接口;以及
可操作地耦接到所述处理单元的朝向传感器,所述朝向传感器被配置为提供指示所述监视设备的朝向的朝向输出信号,其中所述处理单元被配置为基于所述朝向输出信号确定该组至少两个传感器中的每一个的传感器朝向,并且基于传感器朝向调整该组至少两个传感器中的至少一个的浓度读数以确定检测信号。
12.如权利要求11所述的监视设备,其中所述处理单元被配置为响应于至少一个因子确定所述检测信号,所述至少一个因子选自包括以下各项的组:传感器历史数据、相应传感器的跨度储备、相应传感器的增益以及环境温度。
13.如权利要求11所述的监视设备,其中所述处理单元被配置为确定来自该组至少两个传感器中的两个或更多个传感器的信号之间的差异,并且响应于差异超过预定值而生成指示需要校准传感器的信号。
14.如权利要求13所述的监视设备,其中所述处理单元将来自该组至少两个传感器中的每一个传感器的每一个相应输出信号与预定的常数值进行比较以生成比较值,并且与对应于相应输出信号的传感器的可靠性的度量成比例地向每一个比较值赋予权重,其中每个比较值根据选自以下组的因子进行加权,所述组包括:相应传感器的过去的校准、相应传感器的碰撞测试性能、以及相应传感器的过去的校准和碰撞测试性能的组合。
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107389878A (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | 传感器的自校验方法、装置及计算机可读存储介质 |
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CN105092796A (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
CN105092796B (zh) | 2018-12-14 |
CA2803246A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
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