CN103092238A - 用于工业过程现场装置的电源 - Google Patents

用于工业过程现场装置的电源 Download PDF

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CN103092238A
CN103092238A CN2012100429075A CN201210042907A CN103092238A CN 103092238 A CN103092238 A CN 103092238A CN 2012100429075 A CN2012100429075 A CN 2012100429075A CN 201210042907 A CN201210042907 A CN 201210042907A CN 103092238 A CN103092238 A CN 103092238A
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加瓦哈·阿鲁那卡拉姆
尤达亚尚卡尔·班加罗尔·卡斯图里
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Abstract

本发明公开一种在控制或监测工业过程的过程变量时使用的无线工业过程现场装置，包括过程接口元件，该过程接口元件被配置为检测或控制工业过程的过程变量。过程装置电路包括过程接口电路，该过程接口电路被配置为使用过程接口元件测量或控制工业过程的过程变量。无线通信电路被配置为用于无线通信。电源电路被配置为从电力储存元件以输出电压向过程装置电路提供电力。低压降(LDO)电压调节器被配置为降低输出电压。升压转换器被配置为升高输出电压。

Description

用于工业过程现场装置的电源
技术领域
本发明涉及工业过程控制和监测系统。更具体地说，本发明涉及用在工业过程控制和/或监测系统中的无线现场装置。
背景技术
工业过程用在许多工业中以处理或输运各种材料。工业过程例如在炼油厂、食品生产设施、纸浆生产设施等等中实施。
工业过程的操作通常需要监测过程变量。示例性的过程变量包括温度、压力、流量、液位等。被传输的过程变量用来测量过程变量，并且将被测量的过程变量的信息传输到中心位置。这些信息可以用来监测过程，并且可以用于控制过程。例如，可以根据测量流量使用另一种类型的现场装置、控制装置来调整阀。
传统上，过程变量变送器使用有线连接与中心位置通信。有线连接的示例是二线式过程控制回路，通过该回路的电流代表被测量的过程变量。其他通信技术包括在过程控制回路上传输数字信息。同样的二线式过程控制回路可以用于为现场装置提供电力。
无线现场装置被用来测量过程变量和与另一个位置通信，并且不需要上面所述的有线连接。一种无线通信技术采用网状网络配置。一种示例性的通信协议是按照IEC 62591标准的无线
Figure BDA0000137789600000011
通信协议。无线装置的一个好处是不需要将从中心控制位置延伸到现场装置的电线。如果现场装置包括诸如电池之类的内部电源，可以实现布线的进一步减少。然而，如果现场装置是电池供电的，如果其电源耗尽，该装置将停止运型。因此，往往是需要采取措施以减少在现场装置中的功耗，以延长电源的使用寿命。
发明内容
一种在控制或监测工业过程的过程变量时使用的无线工业过程现场装置包括过程接口元件，该过程接口元件被配置为检测或控制工业过程的过程变量。过程装置电路包括过程接口电路，该过程接口电路被配置为使用过程接口元件测量或控制工业过程的过程变量。无线通信电路被配置为用于无线通信。供电电路被配置为从电力储存元件以输出电压向过程装置电路提供电力。低压降(LDO)电压调节器被配置为降低输出电压。升压转换器被配置为升高输出电压。
附图说明
图1是包括无线现场装置的工业过程控制或监控系统的简化示意图。
图2是图1的无线现场装置的简化框图。
图3是显示图1的按照本发明的一个示例性实施例的无线现场装置的电源的简化示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供用于诸如过程变量变送器或过程控制器之类的无线现场装置的电源电路。该电源电路包括升压转换器和低压降(LDO)电压调节器，升压转换器和低压降(LDO)电压调节器可以被选择性地连接至现场装置的电源电路。LDO和升压转换器的组合用来提高电池的使用寿命。比较器用来在升压转换器和LDO之间切换。
图1是工业过程控制或监控系统100的简化示意图，其中诸如过程现场装置102之类的现场装置通过过程接口元件104与过程流体108接合。过程流体108例如包含在过程管道106中。现场装置102可以被配置作为过程变量变送器，其中的过程接口元件104可以包括用于检测过程流体108的过程变量的传感器。示例包括温度、流量、液位等。
过程现场装置102通过无线通信链路112与诸如位置110的其他位置通信。位置110包括连接到天线116的通信电路114，天线用于建立通信链路112。位置110例如可以是其中监测或控制过程的操作的中心控制室等。无线通信链路112可以与任何通信协议技术或标准一致。一种示例是按照IEC62591标准的无线
Figure BDA0000137789600000021
通信协议。
图2是过程现场装置102的简化框图。正如图2所示，微处理器200通过过程电路202连接到过程接口元件104。过程电路202例如可以包括放大器、模数转换器等。在这样的配置中，表示检测到的过程变量的数字被提供到微处理器200。微处理器200按照存储在存储器204中的指示操作，并且连接到无线通信电路206。无线通信电路206连接到天线208，天线208链接到显示在图1中的通信链路112。使用这种配置，变送器102可以在通信链接112上接收或传输信息。显示了任选的本地输入/输出(I/O)电路210。例如，可以由操作员使用I/O电路210在本地控制变送器102。图2还图示了连接到电力储存元件222的电源220。如下文中详细讨论，电源220用来从电源储存元件222提供电力到过程变量102的电路。电力储存元件222可以包括任何合适的装置，其能够根据需要储存足够的电力。示例包括电池、可充电电池、包括大容量或“超级”电容器的电子电容器。
过程现场装置102的各种电路元件被配置以基于稳定电源而运行。例如，可能需要3.0伏的稳定电源。然而，由电力储存元件222所提供的电压在其充电或放电循环过程中可能从2.0到3.7伏之间变化。在这样的配置中，通常使用“降压-升压”转换器，其中单个转换器不仅用来升高直流电压以获得所需的输出电压而且用来降低直流电压以获得所需的输出电压。然而，降压-升压转换器消耗来自电力储存元件的额外电力，从而缩短电池寿命。
在运行期间，过程现场装置102使用诸如过程接口元件104之类的过程变量传感器检测过程变量。微处理器200用来控制过程现场装置102的操作和利用无线通信电路206在通信链路112上传输与检测到的过程变量相关的信息。为了增加电力储存元件222元的寿命，过程现场装置102的电路可以进入“休眠”或降低功耗模式。通常情况下，过程现场装置102可以在低功耗模式中运行超过90％的时间。在这样的配置中，所述电路仅需要几十微瓦的功率用于运行。例如，无线通信电路206可以关闭或闲置、微处理器200的速度可以降低、过程电路202可以被禁用等。在活动时间期间，这个电路被通电并且电力需求可能会高达几十毫瓦。当电力储存元件220的电压为3.0伏以上时，电源电路220必须将该电压降低到3.0伏，用于向现场装置102的电路供电。同样地，在电力储存元件220的电压跌落低于3.0伏时，电源220电路必须将该电压升高到3.0伏，以适当地向现场装置102电路供电。现有技术已经使用“降压-升压”转换器。然而，这样的“降压-升压”电路的静态功耗可能是数十微瓦，这将大大减少电力储存元件222的寿命。
图3是按照本发明的一个示例实施例的电源电路220的简化框图。电源电路220包括升压转换器240和LDO(低压降)或“LDO”转换器242。升压转换器240和LDO转换器242可以按照标准的技术运行。例如，升压转换器可以包括开关式或其它升压电源。升压转换器240被配置为接收来自电力储存元件222的小于3伏特的电压，并提供被调节为3.0伏特的输出电压。同样地，LDO转换器242被配置为接收来自电力储存元件222的大于3伏的电压，并且提供为3.0伏的调节输出。模拟开关244被配置为将来自转换器240的输出或来自转换器242的输出选择性地连接到大容量电容器246。此输出被用来提供电力到过程现场装置102的电路。模拟开关244的操作由比较器248控制，比较器248具有被设定到电力储存元件222的输出电压中的所需的转变点的阈值，即3.0伏电压。比较器250也可用于控制升压转换器240的操作，据此如果电池电压大于所需的阈值，升压转换器240断开。因为升压转换器240仅在需要其功能时操作，这样可以节省电力。二极管252连接在模拟开关244和大容量电容器246之间并且操作以在切换转换期间提供电源电压到过程现场装置102的电路，并且改善升压转换器240的稳定时间。
当现场装置的电路所需的功率低时，在与其他电路比较时，通过LDO转换器242的损失会较大。这可以从等式1中看出。
LDO损失＝(电池电压-3)×I负载+静态功耗        等式(1)
公式显示，对于低负载电流，与传统降压-升压转换器相比，功耗较小。作为比较的基础，按照图3的电源被测试并且与传统降压-升压转换器进行比较。表1是用于应用到传统的降压-升压转换器图3中示出的并行LDO/升压转换器配置的不同负荷的实验结果的制表：
表1
Figure BDA0000137789600000051
虽然已经参考优选实施例描述本发明，本领域技术人员将会认识到，在没有背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以在形式和细节上进行变化。尽管上述讨论特别地涉及过程接口元件104为包括过程变量传感器，但在某些配置中，过程接口105包括控制元件，该控制元件用来响应于来自微处理器200的输出控制过程的操作。

Claims (21)

1.一种在控制或监测工业过程的过程变量时使用的无线工业过程现场装置，包括：
过程接口元件，被配置为检测或控制工业过程的过程变量；
过程装置电路，所述过程装置电路包括：
过程接口电路，被配置为使用过程接口元件测量或控制工业过程的过程变量；
无线通信电路，被配置为用于无线通信；
电力储存元件；
电源电路，被配置为从电力储存元件以输出电压向过程装置电路提供电力，所述电源电路包括：
低压降(LDO)电压调节器，被配置为降低电力储存元件的电压和将降低的电压提供到过程装置电路；和
升压转换器，被配置为升高电力储存元件的电压和将升高的电压提供到过程装置电路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线工业过程现场装置，包括比较器，该比较器被配置为将低压降电压调节器和可替换地升压转换器选择性地连接到过程装置电路。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无线工业过程现场装置，包括比较器被配置为控制模拟开关。
4.根据权利要求2所述的无线工业过程现场装置，其中比较器对电力储存元件的电压输出作出响应。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无线工业过程现场装置，其中比较器将电压阈值与电力储存元件的输出电压进行比较。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无线工业过程现场装置，其中在所述输出电压小于所述电压阈值的情况下，比较器将升压转换器连接到过程装置电路。
7.根据权利要求5所述的无线工业过程现场装置，其中在所述输出电压大于所述电压阈值的情况下，比较器将低压降转换器连接到过程装置电路。
8.根据权利要求6所述的无线工业过程现场装置，其中所述电压阈值为3.0伏特。
9.根据权利要求2所述的无线工业过程现场装置，其中比较器的输出连接到升压转换器。
10.根据权利要求2所述的无线工业过程现场装置，其中在低压降电压调节器连接过程装置电路的情况下，比较器停止升压转换器的操作，从而降低功耗。
11.根据权利要求1所述的无线工业过程现场装置，包括连接到过程装置电路的大容量电容器，该大容量电容器被配置为储存电力。
12.根据权利要求1所述的无线工业过程现场装置，其中电力储存元件是从包括电池或电容器的电力储存元件的组中选择的。
13.根据权利要求1所述的无线工业过程现场装置，包括二极管，该二极管被配置为将低压降电压调节器连接到过程装置电路。
14.一种向在控制或监测工业过程的过程变量中使用的类型的无线工业过程现场装置供电的方法，所述方法包括下述步骤：
提供过程接口元件，该过程接口元件被配置为检测或控制工业过程的过程变量；
提供过程装置电路，该过程装置电路被配置为使用过程接口元件进行操作，其中过程装置电路包括被配置为用于无线通信的无线通信电路；
提供电力储存元件；
提供低压降电压调节器，该低压降电压调节器用于降低电力储存元件的电压和将降低的电压提供到过程装置电路；以及
提供升压转换器，该升压转换器用于升高电力储存元件的输出电压和将升高的电压提供到过程装置电路。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，包括将低压降电压调节器和可替换地升压转换器选择性地连接到过程装置电路的步骤。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述将低压降电压调节器和可替换地升压转换器选择性地连接到过程装置电路的步骤基于电压阈值与电力储存元件的输出电压的比较。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中在所述输出电压小于所述电压阈值的情况下，所述将低压降电压调节器和可替换地升压转换器选择性地连接到过程装置电路的步骤将升压转换器连接到过程装置电路。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中在所述输出电压大于所述电压阈值的情况下，所述将低压降电压调节器和可替换地升压转换器选择性地连接到过程装置电路的步骤将低压降转换器连接到过程装置电路。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述电压阈值为3.0伏特。
20.根据权利要求14所述的方法，包括在低压降电压调节器连接过程装置电路时停止升压转换器的操作，从而降低功耗的步骤。
21.根据权利要求15所述的方法，包括将大容量电容器连接到过程装置电路以储存电力的步骤。
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