CN103090894A - Distributed optical fiber sensing device and method based on Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber sensing device and method based on Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to distributed optical fiber sensing technology and provides a distributed optical fiber sensing device and a method based on a Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser. The distributed optical fiber sensing device and the method based on the Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser comprise a narrow linewidth pump laser, an optical fiber coupler, an optical pulse generator, an optical pulse amplifier, an optical fiber amplifier, an optical fiber circulator, sensing optical fibers, a Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser, an optical fiber isolator, an photoelectric detector and a signal collecting and processing device. Brillouin gain optical fibers of the Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser are wound on piezoelectric ceramic, and Brillouin frequency shift is changed through adjusting temperature of the Brillouin gain optical fibers and/or convergent-divergent of the piezoelectric ceramic. According to the distributed optical fiber sensing device and the method based on the Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser, pump light needed by a Brillouin optical time domain analysis meter (BOTDA) and detecting light which is provided with the Brillouin frequency shift and is tunable are obtained with the same light source, and no additional laser or high-speed modulator and microwave modulating source of the high-speed modulator is needed. The system cost is lowered, the system structure is simplified, and the system structure is enabled to be compact and convenient to pack.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, relate in particular to a kind of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Brillouin scattering.
Background technology
Distributed fiberoptic sensor not only as the sensing body but also as transmission medium, can be measured the information such as stress, temperature, vibration and damage on optical fiber any point along the line with optical fiber itself exactly, realizes long distance, the monitoring of continuous distribution formula.Based on the outstanding feature of distributed fiberoptic sensor, it has significant technical advantage and wide application prospect at the aspects such as damage monitoring of structural health monitoring, fire and the landslide early-warning of the security protection that concerns national defence and the people masses security of the lives and property, oil and gas transportation pipeline, electric power networks, urban infrastructure, building and aircraft, steamer etc.
In numerous distributed fiberoptic sensors, can measure simultaneously temperature and the large parameter of strain two based on the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of Brillouin scattering, have the advantages such as high measurement accuracy, great dynamic range and high spatial resolution because of it in temperature, strain measurement, just become one of study hotspot of technical field of optical fiber sensing once coming out.This technology is passed through the light wave injection fibre, the Brillouin scattering that detection is exported from optical fiber, utilize the difference that in optical fiber, Brillouin scattering optical frequency and incident optical frequency exist, be that the linear relationship that exists between the suffered temperature of Brillouin shift (during 1550nm pump light wavelength approximately 11GHz) and optical fiber or strain realizes that optical fiber temperature strain along the line measures, shown in (1) (2):
v
B(T,0)=v
B(T
0,0)+C
T，v·(T-T
0) （1）
v
B(T
0,ε)=v
B(T
0,0)+C
ε,v·ε （2）
V wherein
B(T
0, 0) and be reference temperature T
0Lower optical fiber corresponding Brillouin shift during without strain, C
T,vAnd C
ε, vBe respectively temperature coefficient and the coefficient of strain of Brillouin shift, when pumping wavelength is 1550nm, these two values are about 1MHz/ ℃ and 0.05MHz/ μ ε.According to formula (1) and (2), the Brillouin shift by measuring fiber just changes can unique definite temperature or the variation of strain, and this utilizes Brillouin scattering to carry out the mechanism of temperature strain sensing just.According to the different mechanism of Brillouin scattering in optical fiber, the brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing device mainly is divided into two classes: based on the Brillouin light domain reflectometer (BOTDR) of spontaneous brillouin scattering with based on the Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument (BOTDA) of stimulated Brillouin scattering.Compare with BOTDR, the detection of signal is easier in the BOTDA system, and signal is stronger, and measuring accuracy is high.
In the BOTDA system, pulse pump light and continuous probe light are respectively from the two ends injection fibre of optical fiber, when both frequency differences drop in the brillouin gain spectral limit, two light beams can transmit by stimulated Brillouin scattering effect generation energy, measure time dependent brillouin scattering signal at the pulsed light injection side and obtain heat transfer agent.Its technological difficulties are how to obtain near the two stable and difference on the frequencies of bundle variable pump light and survey light Brillouin shift.A kind of solution is adopt two laser instruments to be used separately as pump light and survey light, the output optical frequency rate variance of two-laser is adjustable near the Brillouin shift of optical fiber, the deficiency of this scheme is that the frequency stability of laser instrument itself is had relatively high expectations, the difference on the frequency that needs complicated frequency locking and frequency discrimination technology to control and measure two-laser; Another kind is pump light and the detection light that the method for the more employing electrooptic modulator microwave shift frequency of application is at present obtained to meet the demands by same light source, but this scheme needs expensive high-speed electro-optic modulator and tunable high-frequency microwave signal source, and there is the problem of the unstable and polygon band of Output optical power in the electrooptic modulator shift frequency.
Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (BEFL) is a kind of narrow linewidth laser of hybrid gain type, its arrowband brillouin gain (20MHz left and right) by brillouin gain medium in the chamber provide live width narrower, have the Stokes light of accurate Brillouin shift with pump light signals, utilize the Er-doped fiber gain compensation chamber in the chamber to damage, realize Brillouin laser output (the patent publication No. 102361210A of narrow linewidth (magnitude is about kHz), high power (magnitude is about 10mW); Chinese laser, 2012,39 (7): 1740).BEFL need not control pump pumping wavelength and laser instrument cavity length matching, needn't carry out extra live width compression, and is simple in structure, be easy to realize, and be a kind of new and effective narrow linewidth light source.Especially, compare with its Brillouin's pump light, the output optical frequency of BEFL has reduced a Brillouin shift value naturally, and this frequency shift value is determined by the brillouin gain medium in its chamber and Brillouin's pump light wavelength.Patent (CN101629852A) is utilized this shift frequency characteristic of BEFL, is applied to the BOTDR system and as reference light, the backward Brillouin scattering in optical fiber is carried out Heterodyne detect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that has the BOTDA system now, compare the Brillouin shift advantage of its pump light in conjunction with BEFL, a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser and method have been proposed, utilize single light source to obtain simultaneously pump light and stable, tunable, as to have Brillouin shift detection light, this detection light wave is provided by tunable Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (BEFL), is intended to build the BOTDA system of novel low-cost.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser comprises narrow linewidth pump laser, fiber coupler, optical pulse generator, optical pulse amplifier, optical fiber circulator, sensor fibre, Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser, fibre optic isolater, photodetector, signals collecting and treating apparatus; Described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser has brillouin gain optical fiber; Described narrow linewidth pump laser is connected to the first port of described fiber coupler, the second port of described fiber coupler is connected to the first port of described optical fiber circulator by described optical pulse generator, optical pulse amplifier, the second port of described optical fiber circulator is connected to the first port of described sensor fibre; The 3rd port of described fiber coupler is connected to described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser, and described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser is connected to the second port of described sensor fibre by fibre optic isolater; The 3rd port of described optical fiber circulator is connected to signals collecting and treating apparatus by described photodetector.
Preferably, the brillouin gain optical fiber of described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser is passive fiber, and as single-mode fiber, polarization maintaining optical fibre etc., perhaps the brillouin gain optical fiber of described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser is Active Optical Fiber, as Er-doped fiber etc.
Preferably, described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser comprises piezoelectric ceramics, and described brillouin gain Optical Fiber Winding is on described piezoelectric ceramics.
The present invention also provides a kind of distributing optical fiber sensing method based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser, comprise the following steps: the output light of narrow linewidth pump laser is divided into two bundles by fiber coupler, the first light beam is modulated into pulsed light via optical pulse generator with continuous light, then carry out power amplification through optical pulse amplifier, then inject an end of sensor fibre by optical fiber circulator; The second light beam is used for the pumping Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser, described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser changes the output optical frequency, output light is by injecting the other end of sensor fibre after fibre optic isolater, enter photodetector via described optical fiber circulator again and carry out opto-electronic conversion, carry out signal by signals collecting and treating apparatus at last and process.
Preferably, the implementation method that changes the output optical frequency in described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser is: described brillouin gain Optical Fiber Winding is on piezoelectric ceramics, the temperature of adjusting brillouin gain optical fiber and/or the convergent-divergent of described piezoelectric ceramics realize changing the output optical frequency of Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser to change the Brillouin shift of described brillouin gain optical fiber.
Technique effect of the present invention is, utilize same light source obtain the required pump light of BOTDA and have Brillouin shift and tunable detection light, need not extra laser instrument or high-speed modulator and microwave modulation source thereof, not only reduced system cost, simplified system architecture, also make this novel B OTDA system architecture compacter, be convenient to encapsulation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be in Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser brillouin gain optical fiber structural drawing is set;
Fig. 3 is the comparison diagram of three kinds of main optical frequency compositions in the present invention.
In figure: 1 is the narrow linewidth pump laser, and 2 is fiber coupler, and 3 is optical pulse generator, and 4 is optical pulse amplifier, 5 is optical fiber circulator, and 6 is Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser, and 7 is fibre optic isolater, 8 is sensor fibre, and 9 is photodetector, and 10 is signals collecting and treating apparatus.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention is by narrow linewidth pump laser 1, fiber coupler 2, optical pulse generator 3, optical pulse amplifier 4, optical fiber circulator 5, Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser 6, fibre optic isolater 7, sensor fibre 8, photodetector 9, signals collecting and treating apparatus 10 form.The output light of narrow linewidth pump laser 1 is divided into two bundles by fiber coupler 2, a branch ofly via optical pulse generator 3, continuous light is modulated into pulsed light, then carries out power amplification through optical pulse amplifier 4, injects an end of sensor fibres 8 by optical fiber circulator 5; Another bundle pumping Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser 6, the output light of this laser instrument is by the other end of the rear injection sensor fibre 8 of fibre optic isolater 7, enter photodetector 9 via optical fiber circulator 5 and carry out opto-electronic conversion, carry out signal by signals collecting and treating apparatus 10 at last and process.
Fig. 2 be in Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser brillouin gain optical fiber structural drawing is set.In the present invention, Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser is tunable, brillouin gain optical fiber 601 in the chamber is wrapped on piezoelectric ceramics 602, change the Brillouin shift of brillouin gain optical fiber by the temperature of adjusting brillouin gain optical fiber 601 and/or the convergent-divergent of piezoelectric ceramics, and then change the output optical frequency of Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser.
Core of the present invention is to adopt tunable Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser as the detection light of BOTDA system, and the pulse pump light of Brillouin's pump light of this Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser and BOTDA system is from same light source.Particularly, the output light of light source is divided into two bundles, a branch of pump light as the BOTDA system, and another bundle is as Brillouin's pump light of BEFL.Referring to Fig. 3, at first, (optical frequency is v at the light source of determining the BOTDA system
0) afterwards, suppose that under this pumping wavelength, sensor fibre is T in reference temperature
0Brillouin shift during without strain is v
B0, under similarity condition in the BEFL chamber Brillouin shift of brillouin gain optical fiber be v '
B0, v '
B0Must be less than v
B0Secondly, brillouin gain Optical Fiber Winding in the BEFL chamber is on piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), temperature by regulating brillouin gain optical fiber or (with) convergent-divergent of piezoelectric ceramics (PZT) changes the Brillouin shift value of this optical fiber, realize tunable BEFL output, and the tuning range of BEFL is in the magnitude of hundred MHz.Total effect is to select suitable brillouin gain optical fiber, designs and Implements tunable BEFL, and the tuning range of BEFL can cover the Brillouin shift variation range of sensor fibre, satisfies the frequency sweep requirement of BOTDA system.At last, according to the optical frequency of certain step scan BEFL, adopt signals collecting and the treatment technology consistent with traditional B OTDA, realize distributed temperature strain sensing.Particularly, corresponding some BEFL frequencies use photodetector to gather rear orientation light, obtain the light intensity magnitude along fiber distribution; In the time of can obtaining one group of different frequency after the frequency sweeping of BEFL is completed light intensity is along the distribution of optical fiber, and then can obtain the Brillouin shift of arbitrary position optical fiber, thereby realizes the distributed sensing of temperature/stress.
Although describe the present invention in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.For the technician of this professional domain, can carry out various changes to its form and details.This invention is intended to contain the interior various distortion of spirit and scope of appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser, is characterized in that: comprise narrow linewidth pump laser (1), fiber coupler (2), optical pulse generator (3), optical pulse amplifier (4), optical fiber circulator (5), sensor fibre (8), Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (6), fibre optic isolater (7), photodetector (9), signals collecting and treating apparatus (10); Described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (6) has brillouin gain optical fiber (601); Described narrow linewidth pump laser (1) is connected to first port (201) of described fiber coupler (2), second port (202) of described fiber coupler (2) is connected to first port (501) of described optical fiber circulator (5) by described optical pulse generator (3), optical pulse amplifier (4), second port (502) of described optical fiber circulator (5) is connected to first port (801) of described sensor fibre (8); The 3rd port (203) of described fiber coupler (2) is connected to described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (6), and described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (6) is connected to second port (802) of described sensor fibre (8) by fibre optic isolater (7); The 3rd port (503) of described optical fiber circulator (5) is connected to signals collecting and treating apparatus (10) by described photodetector (9).
2. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described brillouin gain optical fiber (601) is passive fiber.
3. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described brillouin gain optical fiber (601) is single-mode fiber or polarization maintaining optical fibre.
4. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described brillouin gain optical fiber (601) is Active Optical Fiber.
5. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described brillouin gain optical fiber (601) is Er-doped fiber.
One of according to claim 1 to 5 described distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser, it is characterized in that: described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (6) comprises piezoelectric ceramics (602), and described brillouin gain optical fiber (601) is wrapped on described piezoelectric ceramics (602).
7. distributing optical fiber sensing method based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: the output light of narrow linewidth pump laser (1) is divided into two bundles by fiber coupler (2), the first light beam is modulated into pulsed light via optical pulse generator (3) with continuous light, then carry out power amplification through optical pulse amplifier (4), then inject an end of sensor fibre (8) by optical fiber circulator (5); The second light beam is used for pumping and has the Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (6) of brillouin gain optical fiber, described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (6) changes the output optical frequency, output light is by injecting the other end of sensor fibre (8) after fibre optic isolater (7), enter photodetector (9) via described optical fiber circulator (5) again and carry out opto-electronic conversion, carry out signal by signals collecting and treating apparatus (10) at last and process.
8. the distributing optical fiber sensing method based on Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the implementation method that changes the output optical frequency in described Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser (6) is: described brillouin gain Optical Fiber Winding is on piezoelectric ceramics, the temperature of adjusting brillouin gain optical fiber and/or the convergent-divergent of described piezoelectric ceramics realize changing the output optical frequency of Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser to change the Brillouin shift of described brillouin gain optical fiber.
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| CN103292831A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-11 | 武汉康特圣思光电技术有限公司 | Single-ended Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensor with fiber grating reflection filter structure |
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| CN103323041A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-09-25 | 武汉华之洋光电系统有限责任公司 | Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection |
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| CN105675031A (en) * | 2016-01-23 | 2016-06-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Pre-pumped pulse and Gray code based BOTDA (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis) instrument |
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| CN105571507A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-05-11 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Single-ended vector BOTDA dynamic strain measurement method, and measurement apparatus thereof |
| CN105674905A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-15 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Pulse pre-pumping single-ended vector BOTDA dynamic strain measuring method and measuring device |
| CN105675031B (en) * | 2016-01-23 | 2017-09-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument based on pre- pumping pulse and gray encoding |
| CN105675031A (en) * | 2016-01-23 | 2016-06-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Pre-pumped pulse and Gray code based BOTDA (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis) instrument |
| CN105758433B (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2018-04-03 | 南昌工程学院 | A kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser |
| CN105758433A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-07-13 | 南昌工程学院 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device based on Brillouin fiber laser |
| CN105783758A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-20 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Self-heterodyne single-ended vector BOTDA-based dynamic strain measurement method and apparatus |
| CN105783758B (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2018-06-08 | 华北电力大学（保定） | A kind of single-ended vector B OTDA dynamic strain measurement methods of self-heterodyne and device |
| CN107764298A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-06 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of single-ended brillouin distributed sensor-based system and method for sensing of the adjustable frequency shifter structure of Brillouin |
| CN108375386A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-08-07 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of the Brillouin light fiber sensor system and method for sensing of adjustable frequency displacement structure |
| CN109186736A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-01-11 | 广西师范大学 | It is a kind of can fixing frequency displacement structure slope auxiliary Brillouin fiber optic sensing vibration measurement device and measurement method |
| CN111707299A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-25 | 太原理工大学 | BOTDA device for obtaining gain loss spectrum based on pumping light frequency sweep |
| CN112909717A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-04 | 河北大学 | A adjustable dual wavelength double-circuit output fiber laser for BOTDA |
| CN114739308A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-12 | 合肥工业大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensor combining time domain and frequency domain analysis and application thereof |
| CN114739308B (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-06-27 | 合肥工业大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensor combining time domain and frequency domain analysis and application thereof |
| CN117559213A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-13 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Stimulated Brillouin effect control device and application thereof |
| CN117559213B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-03-15 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Stimulated Brillouin effect control device and application thereof |
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