CN108375386A - A kind of the Brillouin light fiber sensor system and method for sensing of adjustable frequency displacement structure - Google Patents
A kind of the Brillouin light fiber sensor system and method for sensing of adjustable frequency displacement structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108375386A CN108375386A CN201810118683.9A CN201810118683A CN108375386A CN 108375386 A CN108375386 A CN 108375386A CN 201810118683 A CN201810118683 A CN 201810118683A CN 108375386 A CN108375386 A CN 108375386A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of the Brillouin light fiber sensor systems and method for sensing of adjustable frequency displacement structure, the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of the adjustable frequency displacement structure includes narrow linewidth laser, the first photo-coupler, image intensifer, scrambler, the second optical circulator, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, signal processing unit, signal modulation unit and the adjustable shift frequency unit of electrical connection, and the method includes implementing on above-mentioned sensor-based system：1）Generate continuous light；2）Generate pump light；3）Excited Brillouin acts on；4）Generate the signal light of back scattering；5）Data acquisition and procession.This system cost is low, system stability is good, the distributed measurement of temperature and strain can be achieved.This method for sensing, operation is portable, is to be more convenient to operate, be easier to control frequency shift amount, while using polarization-maintaining device in FM module carrying out shift frequency adjusting, reduces influence of the polarization state for light of light, the optical signal of acquisition is more stablized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensory field of optic fibre, and in particular to a kind of Brillouin light fiber sensor system of adjustable frequency displacement structure with
Method for sensing.
Technical background
Optical fiber sensing technology has emerged rapidly since optical fiber invention the 1970s, the research by decades and hair
Exhibition has been widely used for the multiple fields such as fiber optic communication, Fibre Optical Sensor.Because optical fiber sensing system is corrosion-resistant, electromagnetism interference etc.
Advantage is more suitable for detection information in adverse circumstances compared to traditional electromechanical transducer system, and with distributed sensing and far
The ability of Distance-sensing, so Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques became the hot spot of research in recent years.
Optical fiber Brillouin optical time-domain analysis technology（BOTDA）It is a kind of distributed light based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect
Fine sensing technology, the fibre optical sensor based on Brillouin scattering effect are needed a branch of pump light（Pulsed light）With a branch of detection light
（Continuous light）Optical fiber both ends are injected separately into, when the difference on the frequency of this two-beam is within the scope of brillouin gain, are sent out between two-beam
Raw excited Brillouin effect generates energy transfer, the energy transfer when the difference on the frequency of pump light and detection light is equal to Brillouin shift
It is maximum；Using BOTDA technologies and the linear relationship of Brillouin shift amount and temperature/strain, temperature and strain can be realized
Distributed measurement.
The significant advantage of BOTDA systems is that scattered signal is strong, easily extracts, reduces the difficulty of signal extraction, while can be real
Existing long-distance sensing, sensing measurement precision are high；Have in pipeline, dam, track, bridge, the isostructural health monitoring of building
It is widely applied.Usually need to use electrooptic modulator and the high-frequency microwave signal source of High Extinction Ratio in traditional BOTDA systems
As shift frequency module, system cost is higher, and there are temperature drifts and unstability for the electrooptic modulator of High Extinction Ratio, it is often necessary to
Feedback control causes system structure to complicate.PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE is also commonly used in traditional BOTDA systems（PLL）Or optical sideband
Generation technique（OSB）, this also brings cost to increase and the problem of system long-time stability, system complexity etc..
Invention content
The needs of the drawbacks of the purpose of the present invention is for the prior art and practical application, and a kind of adjustable frequency displacement is provided
The Brillouin light fiber sensor system and method for sensing of structure.This system cost is low, system stability is good, temperature can be achieved and answer
The distributed measurement of change.This method for sensing operation is portable, is used in piezoelectric ceramics progress shift frequency adjustment process in FM module
More convenient operation is easier to control frequency shift amount, while using polarization-maintaining device in FM module, can reduce the polarization state of light for light
Influence, the optical signal of acquisition more stablizes.
Realizing the technical solution of the object of the invention is：
A kind of Brillouin light fiber sensor system of adjustable frequency displacement structure, including
Narrow linewidth laser, the first photo-coupler, image intensifer, scrambler, the second optical circulator, erbium-doped fiber amplifier are
The ends b of EDFA, the output end of scrambler and the second optical circulator are connected by sensor fibre；
Signal processing unit, the signal processing unit include the photodetector being linked in sequence and signal acquisition process module,
The input terminal of photodetector is connect with the ends c of the second optical circulator in signal processing unit；
Signal modulation unit, the signal modulation unit are equipped with electrooptic modulator, and electrooptic modulator is defeated in signal modulation unit
Outlet is connect with the ends a of the second optical circulator；
Adjustable shift frequency unit, the adjustable shift frequency unit include be linked in sequence the first optical circulator to form loop, the second optocoupler
Clutch, optoisolator, Polarization Controller and piezoelectric ceramics, that is, PZT, wherein the ports c of the first optical circulator and be wrapped in piezoelectricity
One end of single mode optical fiber on ceramics connects, and the other end of single mode optical fiber is connect with Polarization Controller on piezoelectric ceramics, polarization control
The device other end processed is connect with optoisolator, and optoisolator is connect with the ends exit end c of the second photo-coupler, the second photo-coupler
The ends incidence end a are connect with the ports b of the first optical circulator, and the ends exit end b of the second photo-coupler are connect with signal modulation unit；
The ends incidence end a of first photo-coupler are connect with narrow linewidth laser, on the first photo-coupler exit end the road ends b with
Image intensifer, scrambler and the second optical circulator being linked in sequence connect, the road ends c and er-doped light under the first photo-coupler exit end
Fiber amplifier connects, and erbium-doped fiber amplifier is connect with the ends a of the first optical circulator in adjustable shift frequency unit.
The adjustable shift frequency unit is made from it the first optical circulator of device, the second photo-coupler, optoisolator, polarization control
Single mode optical fiber constitutes an optical resonator, that is, Brillouin's ring laser on device processed, piezoelectric ceramics and piezoelectric ceramics.
The intrinsic Brillouin shift of the single mode optical fiber and the intrinsic Brillouin shift of sensor fibre are less than 30MHz-
60MHz。
The effect of the image intensifer is the continuous luminous power on the upper road of amplification；
The effect of the scrambler is the dependence for reducing excited Brillouin effect to the polarization state of upper and lower two-way light；
The effect of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, which is the continuous luminous power on the lower road of amplification, makes it generate stimulated Brillouin effect, narrow line
The laser that wide laser generates is divided into the continuous light of two-way up and down by the first photo-coupler, and lower road light passes through erbium-doped fiber amplifier
Become the stokes light of Brillouin shift after amplification into adjustable shift frequency unit, which is modulated into
As pump light, upper and lower two-way light all enters sensor fibre and the Stokes of stimulated Brillouin effect generation backwards occurs pulsed light
Light, the light pass through the second optical circulator entering signal processing unit；
The effect of the piezoelectric ceramics is to change the strain for being wound on the single mode optical fiber on piezoelectric ceramics by changing modulation voltage
To make its Brillouin shift change, realize the scanning of the brillouin gain spectrum of Fibre Optical Sensor, by find pump light and
The voltage that piezoelectric ceramics is loaded when energy transfer maximum between detection light, so that it may to determine the brillouin frequency of sensor fibre at this time
It moves, the distributed measurement of temperature and strain can be realized according to the relationship of Brillouin shift and temperature/strain；
The Polarization Controller effect is influence of the polarization state of inhibition light to sensor-based system；
The effect of the optoisolator is to prevent the generation of high-order stokes light；
The sensor fibre is general single mode fiber；
Remaining device is polarization-maintaining device in addition to being wrapped in the single mode optical fiber on piezoelectric ceramics in the adjustable shift frequency unit, is used
Polarization-maintaining device can be to avoid influence of the polarization state to shift frequency element output signal of light；
The signal modulation unit is modulated to the Brillouin signal after the shift frequency that optical resonator exports by electrooptic modulator
Pulse signal, as pump light.
A kind of Brillouin fiber optic method for sensing of adjustable frequency displacement structure, includes the Brillouin fiber optic of above-mentioned adjustable frequency displacement structure
Sensor-based system, described method includes following steps：
1）Generate continuous light：It adjusts the continuous optical signal of narrow linewidth laser generation and is divided into two-way company up and down by the first photo-coupler
Continuous light, the upper continuous light in road enter sensor fibre by the first photo-coupler as detection light by image intensifer, scrambler；
2）Generate pump light：Step 1）The continuous light in lower road generated passes through first ring of light after erbium-doped fiber amplifier amplification
The ports a of shape device enter comes out the single mode optical fiber for entering and being wrapped on piezoelectric ceramics from the ports c again, this road light is in single mode optical fiber
Due to stimulated Brillouin effect generate back scattering stokes light, forward continuous light by Polarization Controller enter light every
From device, optoisolator by propagate forward it is continuous it is optically isolated fall, and the stokes light of back scattering then back-propagating enter twine
The single mode optical fiber being wound on piezoelectric ceramics goes out to return to the ports c of the first optical circulator from the ports b of the first optical circulator
Come, finally reach the ends incidence end a of the second photo-coupler, the continuous light of a part from the ends exit end c of the second photo-coupler again into
Enter optoisolator, the continuous fairing hour hands in this part are propagated in annular chamber, and the continuous light of another part is by the second photo-coupler
The ends exit end b enter electrooptic modulator and are modulated into pulsed light pump light, enter sensing by the port a, b of the second optical circulator
Optical fiber；
3）Excited Brillouin acts on：Into sensor fibre the continuous light in upper road and enter sensor fibre after frequency shift modulation under
Stimulated Brillouin effect occurs in sensor fibre for road pulsed light and for the BOTDA systems of shape are lost；
4）Generate the signal light of back scattering：To scattered after two-way light is generated due to excited Brillouin effect up and down in sensor fibre
The signal light penetrated enters the ports c from the ports b of the second optical circulator；
5）Data acquisition and procession：The optical signal of the second ports optical circulator c is set to enter photodetector and signal acquisition process
Module carries out the information that data analysis can be obtained temperature strain on sensor fibre with processing.
The advantages of this technical solution is：
For the technical program compared with traditional BOTDA systems, the technical program is wrapped in piezoelectric ceramics by changing voltage change
On the strain of single mode optical fiber make its Brillouin shift amount change to realize that the brillouin gain spectrum of sensor fibre sweeps spectrum, look for
To the voltage loaded on piezoelectric ceramics when energy maximum transfer between pulsed light and detection light, so that it is determined that sensor fibre at this time
On Brillouin shift, according to the relationship of Brillouin shift amount and sensing/strain, you can realize that sensing and the distributed of strain are surveyed
Amount.
This technical solution does not need electrooptic modulator and the high-frequency microwave signal source of High Extinction Ratio, also avoids traditional
Phaselocked loop in BOTDA systems（PLL) technology and optical sideband generate（OSB）The use of technology, significantly drops in terms of system cost
It is low while making moderate progress in terms of system stability and chronicity.
This system cost is low, system stability is good, the distributed measurement of temperature and strain can be achieved.This method for sensing
Operate it is portable, FM module using piezoelectric ceramics carry out shift frequency adjustment process in be more convenient operation, be easier to control frequency shift amount,
Polarization-maintaining device is used in FM module simultaneously, reduces influence of the polarization state for light of light, the optical signal of acquisition is more stablized.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system structure diagram in embodiment；
Fig. 2 is adjustable shift frequency cellular construction schematic diagram in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram of method in embodiment.
Fig. 1,1. 4. scrambler of narrow linewidth laser 2. first photo-coupler, 3. image intensifer, 5. Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
9. 10. second photo-coupler of optoisolator of device 6. first optical circulator, 7. piezoelectric ceramics, 8. Polarization Controller, 11. electric light
Modulator 12. second optical circulator, 13. sensor fibre, 14. photodetector, 15. signal acquisition process modules 16. are adjustable
17. signal modulation unit of shift frequency unit, 18. signal processing unit, 71. single mode optical fiber.
Specific implementation mode
The content of present invention is further elaborated with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment：
Referring to Fig.1, Fig. 2, a kind of Brillouin light fiber sensor system of adjustable frequency displacement structure, including
Narrow linewidth laser 1, the first photo-coupler 2, image intensifer 3, scrambler 4, the second optical circulator 12, Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
The ends b of device 5 i.e. EDFA, the output end of scrambler 4 and the second optical circulator 12 are connected by sensor fibre 13；
Signal processing unit 18, the signal processing unit 18 include the photodetector 14 being linked in sequence and data acquisition process
Module 15, the input terminal of photodetector 14 is connect with the ends c of the second optical circulator 12 in signal processing unit 18；
Signal modulation unit 17, the signal modulation unit 17 are equipped with electrooptic modulator 11, electric light tune in signal modulation unit 17
The output end of device 11 processed is connect with the ends a of the second optical circulator 12；
Adjustable shift frequency unit 16, the adjustable shift frequency unit 16 include being linked in sequence to form the first optical circulator 6, second of loop
Photo-coupler 10, optoisolator 9, Polarization Controller 8 and piezoelectric ceramics 7 be PZT, wherein the ports c of the first optical circulator 6 with
The one end for being wrapped in the single mode optical fiber 71 on piezoelectric ceramics 7 connects, and the other end of single mode optical fiber 71 is controlled with polarization on piezoelectric ceramics 7
Device 8 processed connects, and 8 other end of Polarization Controller is connect with optoisolator 9, and optoisolator 9 and the lower road of the second photo-coupler 10 go out
The connection of the end ends c is penetrated, the ends incidence end a of the second photo-coupler 10 are connect with the ports b of the first optical circulator 6, the second photo-coupler
The 10 lower ends road exit end b are connect with signal modulation unit 17；
The ends incidence end a of first photo-coupler 2 are connect with narrow linewidth laser 1, road b on 2 exit end of the first photo-coupler
Image intensifer 3, scrambler 4 and the second optical circulator 12 held and be linked in sequence connect, road c under 2 exit end of the first photo-coupler
End is connect with erbium-doped fiber amplifier 5, and erbium-doped fiber amplifier 5 and the ends a of the first optical circulator 6 in adjustable shift frequency unit 16 connect
It connects.
The adjustable shift frequency unit 16 be made from it device the first optical circulator 6, the second photo-coupler 10, optoisolator 9,
Single mode optical fiber 71 constitutes an optical resonator, that is, Brillouin's annular and swashs on Polarization Controller 8, piezoelectric ceramics 7 and piezoelectric ceramics 7
Light device.
The intrinsic Brillouin shift of the single mode optical fiber 71 is less than 30MHz- with the intrinsic Brillouin shift of sensor fibre 13
60MHz。
The effect of the image intensifer 3 is the continuous luminous power on the upper road of amplification；
The effect of the scrambler 4 is the dependence for reducing excited Brillouin effect to the polarization state of upper and lower two-way light；
The effect of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 5, which is the continuous luminous power on the lower road of amplification, makes it generate stimulated Brillouin effect, narrow
The laser that line width laser 1 generates divides by the first photo-coupler 2 for the continuous light of upper and lower two-way, and lower road light is put by Er-doped fiber
Become the stokes light of Brillouin shift after the big amplification of device 5 into adjustable shift frequency unit 16, light entering signal modulation is single
Member 17 is modulated into pulsed light as pump light, and upper and lower two-way light all enters sensor fibre and stimulated Brillouin effect generation occurs backwards
Stokes light, which passes through 12 entering signal processing unit 18 of the second optical circulator；
The effect of the piezoelectric ceramics 7 is to change the single mode optical fiber 71 being wound on piezoelectric ceramics 7 by changing modulation voltage
Strain realizes the scanning of the brillouin gain spectrum of Fibre Optical Sensor to make its Brillouin shift change, by finding pumping
The voltage that piezoelectric ceramics 7 is loaded when energy transfer maximum between light and detection light, so that it may with determining sensor fibre 13 at this time
The distributed measurement of temperature and strain, this example can be realized according to the relationship of Brillouin shift and temperature/strain for Brillouin shift
Middle temperature/strain measurement；
The effect of the Polarization Controller 8 is influence of the polarization state of inhibition light to sensor-based system；
The effect of the optoisolator 9 is to prevent the generation of high-order stokes light；
The sensor fibre 13 is general single mode fiber；
Remaining device is polarization-maintaining device in addition to the single mode optical fiber 71 being wrapped on piezoelectric ceramics 7 in the adjustable shift frequency unit 16
Part, can be to avoid influence of the polarization state to shift frequency element output signal of light using polarization-maintaining device；
Brillouin signal tune after the shift frequency that the signal modulation unit 17 exports optical resonator by electrooptic modulator 11
It is made as pulse signal, as pump light.
With reference to Fig. 3, a kind of Brillouin fiber optic method for sensing of adjustable frequency displacement structure includes the cloth of above-mentioned adjustable frequency displacement structure
In deep optical fiber sensing system, described method includes following steps：
1）Generate continuous light：Adjusting narrow linewidth laser 1 generates continuous optical signal and divides for upper and lower two-way by the first photo-coupler 2
Continuous light, the upper continuous light in road enter sensor fibre by the first photo-coupler 2 as detection light by image intensifer 3, scrambler 4
13；
2）Generate pump light：Step 1）The continuous light in lower road generated passes through the first light after amplifying by erbium-doped fiber amplifier 5
The ports a of circulator 6 enter comes out the single mode optical fiber 71 for entering and being wrapped on piezoelectric ceramics 7 from the ports c again, this road light is in single mode
Since stimulated Brillouin effect generates the stokes light of back scattering in optical fiber 71, forward continuous light passes through Polarization Controller
8 enter optoisolators 9, optoisolator 9 by propagate forward it is continuous it is optically isolated fall, and the stokes light of back scattering is then backward
The single mode optical fiber 71 being wrapped on piezoelectric ceramics 7 is spread into, to return to the ports c of the first optical circulator 6, from first ring of light
The ports b of shape device 6 come out, and finally reach the ends incidence end a of the second photo-coupler 10, and the continuous light of a part is from the second photo-coupler
10 ends exit end c enter back into optoisolator 9, and the continuous fairing hour hands in this part are propagated in annular chamber, the continuous light of another part
Enter electrooptic modulator 11 by the ends exit end b of the second photo-coupler 10 and be modulated into pulsed light pump light, by the second light
The port a, b of circulator 12 enters sensor fibre 13；
3）Excited Brillouin acts on：Into the continuous light in upper road of sensor fibre 13 and into sensor fibre 13 after frequency shift modulation
Lower road pulsed light, in sensor fibre occur stimulated Brillouin effect and for loss shape BOTDA systems；
4）Generate the signal light of back scattering：In sensor fibre 13 up and down two-way light due to excited Brillouin effect generate after to
The signal light of scattering enters the ports c from the ports b of the second optical circulator 12；
5）Data acquisition and procession：Make that the optical signal of the ports c of the second optical circulator 12 enters photodetector 14 and signal is adopted
Collect processing module 15, carries out the information that data analysis can be obtained temperature strain on sensor fibre with processing.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Brillouin light fiber sensor system of adjustable frequency displacement structure, characterized in that including
Narrow linewidth laser, the first photo-coupler, image intensifer, scrambler, the second optical circulator, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, are disturbed
The inclined output end of device and the ends b of the second optical circulator are connected by sensor fibre；
Signal processing unit, the signal processing unit include the photodetector and digital sampling and processing being linked in sequence,
The input terminal of photodetector is connect with the ends c of the second optical circulator in signal processing unit；
Signal modulation unit, the signal modulation unit are equipped with electrooptic modulator, and electrooptic modulator is defeated in signal modulation unit
Outlet is connect with the ends a of the second optical circulator；
Adjustable shift frequency unit, the adjustable shift frequency unit include be linked in sequence the first optical circulator to form loop, the second optocoupler
Clutch, optoisolator, Polarization Controller and piezoelectric ceramics, wherein the ports c of the first optical circulator and be wrapped on piezoelectric ceramics
Single mode optical fiber one end connection, the other end of single mode optical fiber is connect with Polarization Controller on piezoelectric ceramics, and Polarization Controller is another
One end is connect with optoisolator, and optoisolator is connect with the ends exit end c of the second photo-coupler, the incidence end of the second photo-coupler
The ends a are connect with the ports b of the first optical circulator, and the lower ends road exit end b of the second photo-coupler are connect with signal modulation unit；
The ends incidence end a of first photo-coupler are connect with narrow linewidth laser, the first photo-coupler ends exit end b and sequence
Image intensifer, scrambler and the second optical circulator of connection connect, the first photo-coupler ends exit end c and erbium-doped fiber amplifier
Connection, erbium-doped fiber amplifier are connect with the ends a of the first optical circulator in adjustable shift frequency unit.
2. the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of adjustable frequency displacement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable shifting
Frequency unit is made from it the first optical circulator of device, the second photo-coupler, optoisolator, Polarization Controller, piezoelectric ceramics and pressure
Single mode optical fiber constitutes an optical resonator, that is, Brillouin's ring laser on electroceramics.
3. the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of adjustable frequency displacement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the single-mode optics
The intrinsic Brillouin shift of fine intrinsic Brillouin shift and sensor fibre is less than 30MHz-60MHz.
4. the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of adjustable frequency displacement structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjustable shifting
Remaining device is polarization-maintaining device in addition to being wrapped in the single mode optical fiber on piezoelectric ceramics in frequency unit.
5. a kind of Brillouin fiber optic method for sensing of adjustable frequency displacement structure, characterized in that including claim 1-4 any one institute
The Brillouin light fiber sensor system of adjustable frequency displacement structure is stated, described method includes following steps：
1）Generate continuous light：It adjusts the continuous optical signal of narrow linewidth laser generation and is divided into two-way company up and down by the first photo-coupler
Continuous light, the upper continuous light in road enter sensor fibre by the first photo-coupler as detection light by image intensifer, scrambler；
2）Generate pump light：Step 1）The continuous light in lower road generated passes through first ring of light after erbium-doped fiber amplifier amplification
The ports a of shape device enter comes out the single mode optical fiber for entering and being wrapped on piezoelectric ceramics from the ports c again, this road light is in single mode optical fiber
Due to stimulated Brillouin effect generate back scattering stokes light, forward continuous light by Polarization Controller enter light every
From device, optoisolator by propagate forward it is continuous it is optically isolated fall, and the stokes light of back scattering then back-propagating enter twine
The single mode optical fiber being wound on piezoelectric ceramics goes out to return to the ports c of the first optical circulator from the ports b of the first optical circulator
Come, finally reach the ends incidence end a of the second photo-coupler, the continuous light of a part from the ends lower port c of the second photo-coupler again into
Enter optoisolator, the continuous fairing hour hands in this part are propagated in annular chamber, and the continuous light of another part is by the second photo-coupler
Upper exit end enters electrooptic modulator and is modulated into pulsed light pump light, enters sensing by the port a, b of the second optical circulator
Optical fiber 13；
3）Excited Brillouin acts on：Into sensor fibre the continuous light in upper road and enter sensor fibre after frequency shift modulation under
Stimulated Brillouin effect occurs for road pulsed light and for the BOTDA systems of shape are lost；
4）Generate the signal light of back scattering：To scattered after two-way light is generated due to excited Brillouin effect up and down in sensor fibre
The signal light penetrated enters the ports c from the ports b of the second optical circulator；
5）Data acquisition and procession：The optical signal of the second ports optical circulator c is set to enter photodetector and signal acquisition process
Module carries out the information that data analysis can be obtained temperature strain on sensor fibre with processing.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN110138448A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2019-08-16 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of fault monitoring system and method for the transmission of long range single channel optical fiber bidirectional |
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