CN104792343A - Single-ended structure dynamic measuring Brillouin optical fiber sensing system and sensing method - Google Patents
Single-ended structure dynamic measuring Brillouin optical fiber sensing system and sensing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-ended structure dynamic measuring Brillouin optical fiber sensing system and a sensing method. A sensing system laser light source outputs two continuous lights through a first coupler, the first continuous light enters the input end of a modulation high-extinction-ratio module, the modulation high-extinction-ratio module is connected to one input end of a second coupler; the second continuous light enters a phase shift modulating module, the phase shift modulating module is connected to the other input end of the second coupler; the second coupler is connected to the port I of an optical circulator, the port II of the optical circulator is connected with a single-ended module by the sensing optical fiber, the port III of the optical circulator is connected with a de-modulating module. By utilizing the single-ended structure, the BOTDA (Brillouin optical time domain analysis) nominal measuring distance is the effective measuring distance, the problems that the double-ended access is required in the actual measurement and the effective sensing distance is a half of the nominal sensing length existing in the prior art are solved; the extinction ratio of electro-optical modulator is improved, the measuring time is shortened, the monitoring functions of dynamic measurement and long-distance dynamic stress are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical fiber sensing technology, the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of specifically a kind of single-ended structure kinetic measurement and method for sensing.
Background technology
When the two-beam wave frequency difference transmitted in opposite directions in optical fiber is within the scope of the intrinsic brillouin gain of optical fiber, this two-beam is by the effect of acoustic wavefield generation excited Brillouin, energy trasfer is there is between two-beam, when the difference on the frequency of two-beam equals the intrinsic Brillouin shift of optical fiber (Brillouin frequency shift, be called for short BFS) time, energy trasfer amount is maximum, the Brillouin shift can measured accordingly along fiber lengths distributes, Brillouin optical time domain analysis (Brillouin optical time domain analysis, being called for short BOTDA) technology is just based on above-mentioned principle, and utilize Brillouin shift (BFS) and temperature and linear relationship between straining to realize distributed temperature and strain sensing.BOTDA has the features such as long distance, high measurement accuracy, in the monitoring structural health conditions of the large scale civil engineerings such as bridge dam and oil and gas pipes, have huge potential use.
In traditional BOTDA system, system needs when detecting to inject pump light and detection light respectively at the two ends of optical fiber, and therefore in actual measurement, effective distance sensing of system only has the half of nominal sensing length.On the other hand, both-end injects inconvenient in actual use.Meanwhile, when use electrooptic modulator modulating pulse light, because the extinction ratio of electrooptic modulator is limited, will inevitably produce the continuous light of leakage in systems in which, these continuous lights will disturb the measurement of real data at sensor fibre.In order to improve the extinction ratio of electrooptic modulator, reduce light leak impact in systems in which, the electrooptic modulator of High Extinction Ratio is required to use, and this will sharply promote causing the cost of system instrument.In addition, traditional B OTDA needs to carry out frequency sweep to obtain Brillouin shift to the difference on the frequency of pump light and detection light, and frequency sweep is very consuming time, and therefore tradition is based on the measurement of the inapplicable dynamic event of BOTDA system of frequency sweep.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Brillouin light fiber sensor system and method for sensing of single-ended structure kinetic measurement.The advantage of this system is: single-ended structure can realize nominal measuring distance in BOTDA and be effective measuring distance; The advantage of this method is: can improve the extinction ratio of electrooptic modulator, can reduce Measuring Time, realizes kinetic measurement, can realize the monitoring function of long distance dynamic strain.
Realizing technical scheme of the present invention is:
A Brillouin light fiber sensor system for single-ended structure kinetic measurement, comprises
Modulation High Extinction Ratio module, described modulation High Extinction Ratio module utilizes pulsed light to control radio-frequency (RF) switch and then controls radiofrequency signal and inputs the signal of electrooptic modulator, and while modulating pulsed light, microwave source is modulated pump light, is modulated into two and is respectively v
0+ f
mand v
0-f
manti-Stokes and the light of Stokes;
Phase shift modulated module, described phase shift modulated module is by carrying out phase-modulation to detection light;
Demodulation module, described demodulation module carries out phase demodulating to the light with signal;
Single-ended block, it is FC/PC connector, continuous light by sensor fibre, after FC/PC connector ends reflects, then enter sensor fibre and in sensor fibre with pump light generation scattering;
Laser light source exports two-way continuous light by the first coupling mechanism, and first via continuous light enters the input end of modulation High Extinction Ratio module, and the output terminal of modulation High Extinction Ratio module is connected to an input end of the second coupling mechanism; Second road continuous light enters the input end of phase shift modulated module, and the output terminal of phase shift modulated module is connected to another input end of the second coupling mechanism; 1 port of the output terminal access optical circulator of the second coupling mechanism, 2 ports of optical circulator are connected with single-ended block by sensor fibre; 3 ports of optical circulator connect with demodulation module.
Described modulation High Extinction Ratio module comprises the first microwave signal source, radio-frequency (RF) switch, pulse signal generator, electrooptic modulator and wave filter, first microwave signal source is connected with pulse producer by radio-frequency (RF) switch, and the other end of radio-frequency (RF) switch connects the radio frequency interface of electrooptic modulator; The output terminal of electrooptic modulator connects the input end of wave filter.
Described first microwave signal source outputs to the microwave frequency f of electrooptic modulator
mfor 10GHz.
Described phase shift modulated module comprises single side-band modulator and the second microwave signal source, and the second microwave signal source outputs to the frequency f of single side-band modulator
rFscope is 500MHz-1500MHz.
Use the method for sensing of the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of above-mentioned single-ended structure kinetic measurement, comprise the steps:
It is v that laser instrument sends frequency
0continuous light be divided into two-way continuous light by the first coupling mechanism, i.e. first via continuous light and the second road continuous light;
First via continuous light suppresses the electrooptic modulator of carrier-frequency mode to carry out intensity modulated by being operated in, and is modulated into frequency and is respectively v
0+ f
mand v
0-f
manti-Stokes and the light of Stokes; Wherein pulse signal generator regulates and controls the first microwave signal source by Pulse Width Control radio-frequency (RF) switch and inputs electrooptic modulator, f
mit is the microwave modulating frequency that the first microwave signal source exports; The light wave of above-mentioned two frequencies after filtering device carries out filtering, and after filtering, frequency is v
0-f
mpulsed light be retained, to be amplified to after prospective peak value power through Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) through the first isolator and to enter the second coupling mechanism by partially disturbing device;
Second road continuous light carries out phase-modulation by single side-band modulator, is modulated into frequency and is respectively v
0and v
0+ f
rFthe light signal of two different frequency compositions enter the second coupling mechanism, wherein f
rFit is the modulating frequency that the second microwave signal source exports to single side-band modulator; The pumping pulse light that continuous light containing two frequencies and the first via modulate enters optical circulator through the second coupling mechanism; The FC/PC connector ends generation Fresnel reflection that continuous light containing two frequencies is being connected with sensor fibre end through sensor fibre, in the reflected signal light of generation, carrier signal is its frequency of local oscillator light is v
0, frequency is v
0+ f
rFflashlight be detectable signal; Detectable signal light and pumping pulse light sensor fibre produce stimulated Brillouin scattering effect when meeting, and frequency is v
0+ f
rFdetection light signal carry along sensor fibre distribution each point strain information; Local oscillator light is input to balance photodetector with detection light signal after optical circulator, carry out opto-electronic conversion by balance photodetector and produce beat signal, beat signal is by digital sampling and processing acquisition and processing, obtain Brillouin's phase shift of detectable signal light wave, according to the relation of Brillouin's phase shift and strain, realize distributed dynamic strain measurement.
Detection light and the frequency of pump light are fixing, and frequency corresponding when the difference on the frequency of detection light and pump light equals sensor fibre intrinsic excited Brillouin gain spectral rising edge half place.
The signal input of the first microwave signal source controls radio-frequency (RF) switch by pulse signal source to inject.
The advantage of this system is: single-ended structure achieves nominal measuring distance in BOTDA and is effective measuring distance, solve prior art to need when detecting to inject pump light and detection light respectively at the two ends of optical fiber, in actual measurement, effective distance sensing of system only has the problem of nominal sensing length half;
The advantage of this method is: improve the extinction ratio of electrooptic modulator, decrease Measuring Time, achieves kinetic measurement, achieves the monitoring function of long distance dynamic strain.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of single-ended structure kinetic measurement in embodiment;
Fig. 2 is be pumping pulse and the schematic diagram detecting light interaction process;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the pulsed light being controlled modulation High Extinction Ratio by Pulse Width Control radio-frequency (RF) switch.
In figure, 1. laser instrument 2. first coupling mechanism 3. first microwave signal source 4. radio-frequency (RF) switch 5. pulse signal generator 6. electrooptic modulator 7. wave filter 8. first isolator 9. Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 10. scrambler 11. single side-band modulator 12. second microwave signal source 13. second isolator 14. second coupling mechanism 15. optical circulator 16. sensor fibre 17.FC/PC connectors 18. balance photodetector 19. digital sampling and processing.
Embodiment
below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, content of the present invention is further elaborated, but is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment:
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of Brillouin light fiber sensor system of single-ended structure kinetic measurement, comprises
Modulation High Extinction Ratio module, described modulation High Extinction Ratio module utilizes pulsed light to control radio-frequency (RF) switch and then controls radiofrequency signal and inputs the signal of electrooptic modulator, while modulating pulsed light, microwave source is modulated pump light, is modulated into two frequencies and is respectively v
0+ f
mand v
0-f
manti-Stokes and the light of Stokes;
Phase shift modulated module, described phase shift modulated module is by carrying out phase-modulation to detection light;
Demodulation module, described demodulation module carries out phase demodulating to the light with signal;
Single-ended block, it is FC/PC connector 17, continuous light by sensor fibre 16, after FC/PC connector 17 end face reflects, then enter sensor fibre 16 and in sensor fibre 16 everywhere with pump light generation scattering;
Laser instrument 1 light source exports two-way continuous light by the first coupling mechanism 2, and first via continuous light enters the input end of modulation High Extinction Ratio module, and the output terminal of modulation High Extinction Ratio module is connected to an input end of the second coupling mechanism 14; Second road continuous light enters the input end of phase shift modulated module, and the output terminal of phase shift modulated module is connected to another input end of the second coupling mechanism 14; 1 port of the output terminal access optical circulator 15 of the second coupling mechanism 14,2 ports of optical circulator 15 are connected with FC/PC connector 17 by sensor fibre 16; 3 ports of optical circulator 15 connect with demodulation module.
Particularly,
Described modulation High Extinction Ratio module comprises the first microwave signal source 3, radio-frequency (RF) switch 4, pulse signal generator 5, electrooptic modulator 6 and wave filter 7, first microwave signal source 3 is connected with pulse producer 5 by radio-frequency (RF) switch 4, and the other end of radio-frequency (RF) switch 4 connects the radio frequency interface of electrooptic modulator 6; The output terminal of electrooptic modulator 6 connects the input end of wave filter 7, and the output terminal of wave filter 7 is connected with an input end of the second coupling mechanism 14.
Described first microwave signal source 3 outputs to the microwave frequency f of electrooptic modulator 6
mfor 10GHz.
Described phase shift modulated module comprises single side-band modulator 11 and the second microwave signal source 12, second microwave signal source 12 is connected with single side-band modulator 11, the output terminal of the first coupling mechanism 2 is connected to an input end of the second coupling mechanism 14 by single side-band modulator 11, single side-band modulator 11 is connected with the second coupling mechanism 14 by the second isolator 13.
Second microwave signal source 12 outputs to the frequency f of single side-band modulator 11
rFscope is 500MHz-1500MHz.
Described demodulation module comprises balance photodetector 18 and digital sampling and processing 19, carries out phase demodulating to the light with signal, and balance photodetector 18 is connected with 3 ports of optical circulator 15.
The output terminal of wave filter 7 sequentially passes through the first isolator 8, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 9, partially disturb device 10 is connected with an input end of the second coupling mechanism 14.
Use the method for sensing of the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of above-mentioned single-ended structure kinetic measurement, comprise the steps:
It is v that laser instrument 1 sends frequency
0continuous light be divided into two-way continuous light by the first coupling mechanism 2, i.e. first via continuous light and the second road continuous light;
First via continuous light suppresses the electrooptic modulator 6 of carrier-frequency mode to carry out intensity modulated by being operated in, and is modulated into frequency and is respectively v
0+ f
mand v
0-f
manti-Stokes and the light of Stokes; Wherein pulse signal generator 5 regulates and controls the first microwave signal source 3 pairs of electrooptic modulators 6 by Pulse Width Control radio-frequency (RF) switch 4 and inputs, f
mit is the microwave modulating frequency that the first microwave signal source 3 exports; The light wave of above-mentioned two frequencies after filtering device 7 carries out filtering, and after filtering, frequency is v
0-f
mpulsed light be retained, as shown in Figure 3, to be amplified to after prospective peak value power through Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 9 through the first isolator 8 and to enter the second coupling mechanism 14 by partially disturbing device 10;
Second road continuous light carries out phase-modulation by single side-band modulator 11, is modulated into frequency and is respectively v
0and v
0+ f
rFthe light signal of two different frequency compositions enter the second coupling mechanism 14, wherein f
rFit is the modulating frequency that the second microwave signal source 12 exports to single side-band modulator 11; The pumping pulse light that continuous light containing two frequencies and the first via modulate enters optical circulator 15 through the second coupling mechanism 14; The FC/PC connector 17 end face generation Fresnel reflection that continuous light containing two frequencies is being connected with sensor fibre 16 end through sensor fibre 16, in the reflected signal light of generation, carrier signal is its frequency of local oscillator light is v
0, frequency is v
0+ f
rFflashlight be detectable signal; Detectable signal light and pumping pulse light sensor fibre 16 produce stimulated Brillouin scattering effect when meeting, and frequency is v
0+ f
rFdetection light signal carry along sensor fibre 16 distribute each point strain information, as shown in Figure 2; Local oscillator light is input to detection light signal and balances photodetector 18 after optical circulator 15, carry out opto-electronic conversion by balance photodetector 18 and produce beat signal, beat signal is by digital sampling and processing 19 acquisition and processing, obtain Brillouin's phase shift of detectable signal light wave, according to the relation of Brillouin's phase shift and strain, realize distributed dynamic strain measurement.
Detection light and the frequency of pump light are fixing, and frequency corresponding when the difference on the frequency of detection light and pump light equals sensor fibre intrinsic excited Brillouin gain spectral rising edge half place.
The signal input of the first microwave signal source 3 controls radio-frequency (RF) switch by pulse signal source to inject.
Described first microwave signal source 3 outputs to the microwave frequency f of electrooptic modulator 6
mfor 10GHz.
Second microwave signal source 12 outputs to the frequency f of single side-band modulator 11
rFscope is 500MHz-1500MHz.
Claims (7)
1. a Brillouin light fiber sensor system for single-ended structure kinetic measurement, is characterized in that, comprise
Modulation High Extinction Ratio module, described modulation High Extinction Ratio module utilizes pulsed light to control radio-frequency (RF) switch and then controls radiofrequency signal and inputs the signal of electrooptic modulator, and while modulating pulsed light, microwave source is modulated pump light, is modulated into two and is respectively v
0+ f
mand v
0-f
manti-Stokes and the light of Stokes;
Phase shift modulated module, described phase shift modulated module is by carrying out phase-modulation to detection light;
Demodulation module, described demodulation module carries out phase demodulating to the light with signal;
Single-ended block, it is FC/PC connector, continuous light by sensor fibre, after FC/PC connector ends reflects, then enter sensor fibre and in sensor fibre everywhere with pump light generation scattering;
Laser light source exports two-way continuous light by the first coupling mechanism, and first via continuous light enters the input end of modulation High Extinction Ratio module, and the output terminal of modulation High Extinction Ratio module is connected to an input end of the second coupling mechanism; Second road continuous light enters the input end of phase shift modulated module, and the output terminal of phase shift modulated module is connected to another input end of the second coupling mechanism; 1 port of the output terminal access optical circulator of the second coupling mechanism, 2 ports of optical circulator are connected with single-ended block by sensor fibre; 3 ports of optical circulator connect with demodulation module.
2. the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of single-ended structure kinetic measurement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described modulation High Extinction Ratio module comprises the first microwave signal source, radio-frequency (RF) switch, pulse signal generator, electrooptic modulator and wave filter, first microwave signal source is connected with pulse producer by radio-frequency (RF) switch, and the other end of radio-frequency (RF) switch connects the radio frequency interface of electrooptic modulator; The output terminal of electrooptic modulator connects the input end of wave filter.
3. the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of single-ended structure kinetic measurement according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described first microwave signal source outputs to the microwave frequency f of electrooptic modulator
mfor 10GHz.
4. the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of single-ended structure kinetic measurement according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described phase shift modulated module comprises single side-band modulator and the second microwave signal source, and the second microwave signal source outputs to the frequency f of single side-band modulator
rFscope is 500MHz-1500MHz.
5. use a method for sensing for the Brillouin light fiber sensor system of the single-ended structure kinetic measurement in claim 1-4 described in arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
It is v that laser instrument sends frequency
0continuous light be divided into two-way continuous light by the first coupling mechanism, i.e. first via continuous light and the second road continuous light;
First via continuous light suppresses the electrooptic modulator of carrier-frequency mode to carry out intensity modulated by being operated in, and is modulated into frequency and is respectively v
0+ f
mand v
0-f
manti-Stokes and the light of Stokes; Wherein pulse signal generator regulates and controls the first microwave signal source by Pulse Width Control radio-frequency (RF) switch and inputs electrooptic modulator, f
mit is the microwave modulating frequency that the first microwave signal source exports; The light wave of above-mentioned two frequencies after filtering device carries out filtering, and after filtering, frequency is v
0-f
mpulsed light be retained, to be amplified to after prospective peak value power through Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) through the first isolator and to enter the second coupling mechanism by partially disturbing device;
Second road continuous light carries out phase-modulation by single side-band modulator, is modulated into frequency and is respectively v
0and v
0+ f
rFthe light signal of two different frequency compositions enter the second coupling mechanism, wherein f
rFit is the modulating frequency that the second microwave signal source exports to single side-band modulator; The pumping pulse light that continuous light containing two frequencies and the first via modulate enters optical circulator through the second coupling mechanism; The FC/PC connector ends generation Fresnel reflection that continuous light containing two frequencies is being connected with sensor fibre end through sensor fibre, in the reflected signal light of generation, carrier signal is its frequency of local oscillator light is v
0, frequency is v
0+ f
rFflashlight be detectable signal; Detectable signal light and pumping pulse light sensor fibre produce stimulated Brillouin scattering effect when meeting, and frequency is v
0+ f
rFdetection light signal carry along sensor fibre distribution each point strain information; Local oscillator light is input to balance photodetector with detection light signal after optical circulator, carry out opto-electronic conversion by balance photodetector and produce beat signal, beat signal is by digital sampling and processing acquisition and processing, obtain Brillouin's phase shift of detectable signal light wave, according to the relation of Brillouin's phase shift and strain, realize distributed dynamic strain measurement.
6. method for sensing according to claim 5, is characterized in that, detection light and the frequency of pump light are fixing, and frequency corresponding when the difference on the frequency of detection light and pump light equals sensor fibre intrinsic excited Brillouin gain spectral rising edge half place.
7. method for sensing according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the signal input of the first microwave signal source controls radio-frequency (RF) switch by pulse signal source to inject.
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