CN109084830B - Optical fiber multi-parameter detection system and method for goaf traffic infrastructure - Google Patents
Optical fiber multi-parameter detection system and method for goaf traffic infrastructure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber multi-parameter detection system facing to goaf traffic infrastructure, which comprises a chaotic laser emitting device, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, a first isolator, a first 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler, a third optical fiber polarization controller, an electro-optic modulator, a sinusoidal signal generator, a first dimmable delay generator, a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a polarization scrambler, a second isolator, a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a fourth optical fiber polarization controller, an acoustic-optic modulator, a pulse generator, a second 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler, a second dimmable delay generator, a third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler, a second circulator, a fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler, a multi-core sensing optical fiber, a Bragg grating, a wavelength division multiplexer, a band-pass filter, an avalanche optical amplifier, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector and a third photoelectric detector, high-speed collection card, computer controller, spectrometer, Faraday rotator mirror. The system simultaneously realizes the simultaneous real-time measurement of the temperature, the strain, the vibration and the displacement along the optical fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of distributed optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber multi-parameter detection system and method for goaf traffic infrastructure.
Background
The high-speed traffic infrastructure is a public service system for ensuring the efficient and normal progress of national or regional socioeconomic activities. The realization of safety monitoring of high-speed traffic infrastructure and the guarantee of safe operation of traffic become important strategic demands of the country and the place.
Taking Shanxi province as an example, the Shanxi province is used as an important energy source raw material base in China, and large-scale mining of underground coal causes a large-area goaf of the Shanxi province, 15.7 thousand square kilometers of land of the whole province, and the goaf is nearly 3 thousand square kilometers. A plurality of expressways in an expressway network of three longitudinal, twelve transverse and twelve annular roads in Shanxi province cover a goaf, and due to geological disasters caused by goaf, a roadbed sinks in a large area, road surface cracks are staggered, and landslides exist in mountain bodies beside roads, so that a plurality of traffic infrastructures are seriously damaged. The large-area goaf enables highways and railways to form ' suspension roads ' and ' funnel roads ' without foundations, and brings serious restrictions and potential safety hazards to social and economic activities and people's lives and properties.
The damage of the high-speed traffic infrastructure under the goaf of the coal field is generally shown as the damage of the high-speed traffic infrastructure under the goaf is generally shown as the change of strain and stress borne by the goaf due to the surface subsidence of the goaf, or the change of various parameters such as temperature rise caused by spontaneous combustion of float coal under the goaf under the condition of oxygen supply. Therefore, effective early warning and positioning of accidents cannot be guaranteed only by monitoring a single physical quantity of a traffic infrastructure, and distributed measurement of multiple parameters is more and more important. In recent years, with the continuous development of the optical fiber sensing technology, the optical fiber sensing technology is gradually applied to the field of traffic infrastructure by virtue of the advantages of high accuracy, strong anti-interference capability, strong spatial applicability, high automation degree, convenience in construction, lower cost and the like. However, in the field of distributed optical fiber sensing, single monitoring of the parameters is realized by a single system, and multiple systems are needed to realize multi-parameter monitoring, so that the cost is high, and therefore, a multifunctional/multi-parameter sensing technology needs to be researched.
In addition, distributed fiber sensing technologies can be divided into three categories: the distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on Rayleigh scattering, the distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering and the distributed sensing technology based on Raman scattering. Distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on Rayleigh scattering is generally used for fault point detection in optical communication networks; distributed optical fiber sensing technologies based on the brillouin scattering effect can be divided into two types: one is an Optical Time Domain system which senses temperature/strain information along an Optical fiber by using a pulse signal, a distributed Optical fiber sensing system of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) and a distributed Optical fiber sensing system of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA); the other is an Optical coherent Domain system using continuous light modulated by sinusoidal signal frequency as a sensing signal, a distributed Optical fiber sensing system of Brillouin Optical Coherent Domain Analysis (BOCDA) and a distributed Optical fiber sensing system of Brillouin Optical coherent Domain reflection (bocr). The optical time domain system has the advantage of long sensing distance, but the optimal spatial resolution of the optical time domain system is generally difficult to break through 1m due to the inherent limitation of the phonon lifetime of the sensing optical fiber. The optical coherent domain system can realize the spatial resolution of centimeter or even millimeter magnitude of distributed measurement of temperature and strain, but the measurement range can only reach several meters due to the limitation of Rayleigh scattering; the raman-based temperature sensing technology has difficulty reaching the spatial resolution of centimeter level due to the limitation of the pulse width of the light source (increasing the pulse width can enhance the sensing distance, but can greatly limit the spatial resolution of the system).
In summary, the existing distributed optical fiber sensing technology has two problems, namely, the simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters cannot be realized simultaneously. Secondly, there is a contradiction that the sensing distance and the spatial resolution cannot be considered at the same time. The distributed optical fiber sensing technology facing the traffic infrastructure encounters certain difficulties.
Based on the above, the invention provides an optical fiber multi-parameter detection system and a measurement method for goaf traffic infrastructure, which can solve the contradiction that the simultaneous detection of multiple parameters cannot be realized and the sensing distance and the spatial resolution cannot be considered in the existing optical fiber sensing technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical fiber multi-parameter detection system and a detection method for goaf traffic infrastructure, aiming at solving the problems that multi-parameter simultaneous detection cannot be realized in the existing optical fiber sensing technology and the sensing distance and the spatial resolution cannot be considered at the same time.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an optical fiber multi-parameter detection system facing to goaf traffic infrastructure comprises a chaotic laser emission device, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 11, a first isolator 12, a first 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler 13, a third optical fiber polarization controller 14, an electro-optical modulator 15, a sinusoidal signal generator 16, a first tunable optical delay generator 17, a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 18, a scrambler 19, a second isolator 20, a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21, a fourth optical fiber polarization controller 22, an acousto-optic modulator 23, a pulse generator 24, a second 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler 25, a second tunable optical delay generator 26, a third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 27, a second circulator 28, a fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 29, an avalanche sensing multi-core optical fiber 30, a Bragg grating 31, a wavelength division multiplexer 32, a band-pass filter 33, an opto-optical amplifier 34, a first photoelectric detector 35, a second photoelectric detector 36, a third photoelectric detector 37, a high-speed acquisition card 38, a computer controller 39, a spectrometer 40 and a Faraday rotator mirror 41.
Wherein the output end of the chaotic laser emitting device and the input end of the spectrometer 40 are respectively connected with the input end of a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11, the output end of the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11 is respectively connected with the input end of a first isolator 12 and the input end of a Bragg grating 31, the output end of the first isolator 12 is connected with the input end of a first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13, the output end of the 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13 is respectively connected with the input ends of a third optical fiber polarization controller 14, a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21 and a third photoelectric detector 37, the output end of the third optical fiber polarization controller 14 is connected with the input end of an electro-optical modulator 15, the modulator 15 is subjected to double-sideband modulation by a sinusoidal signal generator 16, the output end of the electro-optical modulator 15 is connected with the output end of a first tunable optical delay generator 17, the output end of the first tunable optical delay generator 17 is connected with the input end of a second erbium, the input end of the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier 18 is connected with the input end of a polarization scrambler 19, the input end of the polarization scrambler 19 is connected with the output end of a second isolator 20, the output end of the second isolator 20 is connected with the input end of one core of a three-core sensing fiber 30, the output end of the three-core sensing fiber is connected with the output end of a fourth 1 × 2 fiber coupler 29, the input end of the fourth 1 × 2 fiber coupler 29 is respectively connected with the output ends (right) of a wavelength division multiplexer 32 and a second circulator 28, the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer 32 is connected with the input end of an avalanche photoelectric amplifier 34, the output end of the avalanche photoelectric amplifier 34 is connected with the input end of a data acquisition card 38, the input end (left) of the second circulator 28 is connected with the output end of a second 3 × 3 fiber coupler 25, the output end (upper) of the second circulator 28 is connected with the output end of a band-pass filter 33, the input end of the band-pass filter 33, the input end of the high-speed acquisition card 38 is connected with the output ends of the avalanche photo-amplifier 34, the first photo-detector 35, the second photo-detector 36 and the third photo-detector 37 respectively, and the output end of the high-speed acquisition card 38 is connected with the input end of the computer 39.
The output end of the faraday rotator 41 is connected with the input end of one core of the three-core sensing fiber 30, the output end of the third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 27 is connected with the input end of the third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 27, the output end of the third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 27 is respectively connected with the input ends of the adjustable optical time delay generator 26 and the second 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler 25, the output end of the adjustable light delay generator 26 is connected with the input end of the second 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 25, the input end of the second 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 25 is respectively connected with the output ends of the acousto-optic modulator 23 and the second photodetector 36, the acousto-optic modulator 23 is modulated by the pulse generator 24, the input end of the acousto-optic modulator 23 is connected with the output end of the fourth optical fiber polarization controller 22, the input end of the fourth optical fiber polarization controller 22 is connected with the output end of the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21, and the input end of the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21 is connected with the output end of the first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13.
Based on the system, the optical fiber multi-parameter detection method for the goaf traffic infrastructure comprises the following steps:
step one, generating broadband chaotic laser.
Step two, stress detection along the optical fiber
The method utilizes the frequency shift amount and the power variation amount of Brillouin scattering light and the strain change inside the optical fiber to have a determined functional relationship, so that the distribution condition of a space stress field along the optical fiber is obtained.
Dividing the chaotic laser signal output in the first step into three paths through a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11, a first isolator 12 and a first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13, wherein one path is used as reference light, one path is used as pump light, and the other path is used as probe light; the detection light is injected into an electro-optical modulator 15 through a third optical fiber polarization controller 14, double-sideband modulation is carried out on the detection light through a sinusoidal signal generator 16 with the center frequency matched with the optical fiber Brillouin frequency shift quantity, the modulated detection light enters a first adjustable optical delay generator 17, and related peak positioning is realized by adjusting the optical path of the detection light; the detection light is amplified by a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier 18 and then injected into a polarization scrambler 19, and finally injected into one end of a multi-core sensing fiber 30 through a second isolator 20; the pump light is amplified by the third erbium-doped fiber amplifier 21, passes through the fourth fiber polarization controller 22, is subjected to pulse intensity modulation by the acousto-optic modulator 23 and the pulse generator 24, the modulated pulse chaotic light is divided into three paths by the second 3 × 3 coupler 25, the three paths of the pump light enter the left end of the second circulator 28, and finally the pulse chaotic pump light is injected into the other end of the multi-core sensing fiber 30 through the fourth 1 × 2 fiber coupler 29; then the pump light and the detection light interfere at each point of the sensing optical fiber, the interfered scattered light enters the second circulator 28 after passing through the fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 29, the Brillouin signal carrying strain information enters the band-pass filter 33 and is filtered out, the photoelectric conversion is carried out through the first photoelectric detector 35, the Stokes signal power is collected through the data acquisition card 38, the Brillouin gain spectrum is obtained by utilizing the power information demodulation, and finally the stress distribution along the optical fiber is obtained.
Step three, detecting the temperature along the optical fiber
The method utilizes cross-correlation information of two optical signals of a chaotic reference signal and Raman anti-Stokes (anti-Stokes) to demodulate a temperature signal, thereby obtaining the spatial temperature field distribution condition along the optical fiber.
Specifically, after the chaotic laser generated in the first step is divided into three paths through the first 3 × 3 fiber coupler 13, the reference light enters the photoelectric detector 37 and then is connected to the data acquisition card 38; the pump light is amplified by the third erbium-doped fiber amplifier 21 and then injected into the fourth fiber polarization controller 22, then the pump light is subjected to pulse intensity modulation by the acousto-optic modulator 23 and the pulse signal generator 24, the modulated pulse chaotic light is divided into three paths by the second 3 × 3 coupler 25, the three paths of the pump light enter the left end of the second circulator 28, and finally the pulse chaotic pump light is injected into the multi-core sensing fiber 30 through the fourth 1 × 2 fiber coupler 29; backward Raman scattering signals in the sensing optical fiber carry temperature information of each position on the sensing optical fiber, then the backward Raman signals are incident to the right incident end of the fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 29, the other path of the fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 29 is filtered to obtain a Raman anti-Stokes signal of 1450nm through the wavelength division multiplexer 32, the Raman anti-Stokes signal is connected to the data acquisition card 38 through the avalanche photoelectric amplifier 34 after being subjected to photoelectric conversion and amplification, and then enters the computer 39, and the computer performs cross-correlation operation on the chaotic reference signal of the reference path and the Raman anti-Stokes signal to obtain temperature change information along the optical fiber.
Step four, detecting vibration along the optical fiber line
The sagnac linear type distributed optical fiber sensing detection is adopted, so that the vibration measurement and positioning along the optical fiber line are realized, and the ultra-long-distance and high-resolution high-frequency and low-frequency vibration signal detection of the goaf high-speed traffic infrastructure is realized.
Specifically, the chaotic laser generated in the first step is divided into three paths by the first 3 × 3 fiber coupler 13, the pump light is amplified by the third erbium-doped fiber amplifier 21 and then injected into the fourth fiber polarization controller 22, then the pump light is subjected to pulse intensity modulation by the acousto-optic modulator 23 and the pulse signal generator 24, the modulated pulse chaotic light is divided into three paths by the second 3 × 3 coupler 25, one path of the pump light is connected with the third 1 × 2 fiber coupler 27, the two paths of the pump light are connected with the third 1 × 2 fiber coupler 27 after passing through the second tunable optical delay generator 26, the two paths of the pump light are injected into the multi-core sensing fiber 30 for interference after passing through the third 1 × 2 fiber coupler 27, and finally the interference light carrying the vibration signal is reflected by the faraday rotator 41 and then injected into the second photoelectric detector 36 through the third 1 × 2 fiber coupler 27 and the second 3 × 3 coupler 25 for photoelectric conversion, finally, the electric signal is converted into a digital signal by a high-speed data acquisition card 38, and finally, the vibration signal along the optical fiber is displayed by a computer 39.
Step five, grating displacement detection
And the fiber bragg grating sensing system is adopted to realize the structural displacement detection of the target object and realize the high-sensitivity structural displacement detection of the goaf high-speed traffic infrastructure.
Specifically, the chaotic laser generated in the first step is respectively injected into a plurality of bragg gratings installed at the measuring points through the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11, the backward reflected light of the gratings passes through the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11 and enters the spectrometer 40, and then the change of the wavelength is detected, so that the change of the displacement can be obtained through the offset of the wavelength, and the measurement of the displacement is realized.
Compared with the existing distributed optical fiber sensing device, the distributed optical fiber sensing device provided by the invention has the advantages that:
compared with the existing distributed optical fiber sensing device, the system simultaneously realizes the simultaneous real-time measurement of the temperature, the strain, the vibration and the displacement along the optical fiber;
the detection signal adopted in the device is the chaotic laser which is output by the joint disturbance of the light injection and the light feedback, and is a chaotic laser signal with a low coherent state, the coherent function of the chaotic laser signal is in the shape of a similar function and has very low coherent length, and the coherent length theoretically determines the spatial resolution of the chaotic laser device and is independent of the sensing distance. The contradiction between the sensing distance and the spatial resolution of the existing distributed optical fiber sensing technology is fundamentally solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a first semiconductor laser, 2-a first circulator, 3-a first 1 x 2 fiber coupler, 4-a first fiber polarization controller, 5-a first tunable attenuator, 6-a second semiconductor laser, 7-a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier, 8-a second fiber polarization controller, 9-a second tunable attenuator, 10-a second 1 x 2 fiber coupler, 11-a 2 x 2 fiber coupler, 12-a first isolator, 13-a first 3 x 3 fiber coupler, 14-a third fiber polarization controller, 15-an electro-optic modulator, 16-a sinusoidal signal generator, 17-a first adjustable optical delay generator, 18-a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier, 19-a polarizer, 20-a second isolator, 21-a third erbium-doped fiber amplifier, 22-a fourth optical fiber polarization controller, 23-an acousto-optic modulator, 24-a pulse generator, 25-a second 3X 3 optical fiber coupler, 26-a second adjustable optical time delay generator, 27-a third 1X 2 optical fiber coupler, 28-a second circulator, 29-a fourth 1X 2 optical fiber coupler, 30-a multi-core sensing optical fiber, 31-a Bragg grating, 32-a wavelength division multiplexer, 33-a band-pass filter, 34-an avalanche photoelectric amplifier, 35-a first photoelectric detector, 36-a second photoelectric detector, 37-a third photoelectric detector, 38-a high-speed acquisition card, 39-a computer, 40-a spectrometer and 41-a Faraday rotator mirror.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.
An optical fiber multi-parameter detection system facing to goaf traffic infrastructure, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a chaotic laser emission device, a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11, a first isolator 12, a first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13, a third optical fiber polarization controller 14, an electro-optical modulator 15, a sinusoidal signal generator 16, a first tunable optical delay generator 17, a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 18, a polarization scrambler 19, a second isolator 20, a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21, a fourth optical fiber polarization controller 22, an acousto-optic modulator 23, a pulse generator 24, a second 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 25, a second tunable optical delay generator 26, a third 1 × 2 optical fiber avalanche coupler 27, a second circulator 28, a fourth 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 29, a multi-core sensing optical fiber 30, a bragg grating 31, a wavelength division multiplexer 32, a band-pass filter 33, an electro-optical amplifier 34, the system comprises a first photoelectric detector 35, a second photoelectric detector 36, a third photoelectric detector 37, a high-speed acquisition card 38, a computer controller 39, a spectrometer 40 and a Faraday rotator mirror 41.
The chaotic laser emitting device comprises a first semiconductor laser 1, a first circulator 2, a first 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 3, a first optical fiber polarization controller 4, a first tunable attenuator 5, a second semiconductor laser 6, a first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 7, a second optical fiber polarization controller 8, a second tunable attenuator 9 and a second 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 10.
The output end of an F-P semiconductor laser (a first semiconductor laser 1) without a built-in optical isolator is connected with the left end of a circulator 2, the right end of the circulator 2 is connected with the input end of a first 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 3, the output end of the first 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 3 is respectively connected with the input ends of a first optical fiber polarization controller 4 and a second optical fiber polarization controller 8, the output end of the first optical fiber polarization controller 4 is connected with the input end of a first tunable attenuator 5, the output end of the first tunable attenuator 5 is connected with the input end of any DFB semiconductor laser (a second semiconductor laser 6), the output end of the second optical fiber polarization controller 8 is connected with the input end of a second tunable attenuator 9, the output end of the second tunable attenuator 9 is connected with the input end of a second 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 10, the output end of the second 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 10 is connected with the output end of a first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 7, the input end of the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier 7 is connected with the upper end of the circulator 2.
The connection relation of the optical fiber multi-parameter detection system facing the goaf traffic infrastructure is as follows,
wherein, the output end of the chaotic laser emission device and the input end of the spectrometer 40 are respectively connected with the input end of a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11, the output end of the 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11 is respectively connected with the input end of a first isolator 12 and the input end of a Bragg grating 31, the output end of the first isolator 12 is connected with the input end of a first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13, the output end of the 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13 is respectively connected with the input ends of a third optical fiber polarization controller 14, a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21 and a third photoelectric detector 37, the output end of the third optical fiber polarization controller 14 is connected with the input end of an electro-optical modulator 15, the electro-optical modulator 15 is subjected to double-sideband modulation by a sinusoidal signal generator 16, the output end of the electro-optical modulator 15 is connected with the output end of a first tunable optical delay generator 17, the output end of the first tunable optical delay generator 17 is connected with the input end of, the input end of the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier 18 is connected with the input end of a polarization scrambler 19, the input end of the polarization scrambler 19 is connected with the output end of a second isolator 20, the output end of the second isolator 20 is connected with the input end of one core of a three-core sensing fiber 30, the output end of the three-core sensing fiber is connected with the output end of a fourth 1 × 2 fiber coupler 29, the input end of the fourth 1 × 2 fiber coupler 29 is respectively connected with the output ends (right) of a wavelength division multiplexer 32 and a second circulator 28, the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer 32 is connected with the input end of an avalanche photoelectric amplifier 34, the output end of the avalanche photoelectric amplifier 34 is connected with the input end of a data acquisition card 38, the input end (left) of the second circulator 28 is connected with the output end of a second 3 × 3 fiber coupler 25, the output end (upper) of the second circulator 28 is connected with the output end of a band-pass filter 33, the input end of the band-pass filter 33, the input end of the high-speed acquisition card 38 is connected with the output ends of the avalanche photo-amplifier 34, the first photo-detector 35, the second photo-detector 36 and the third photo-detector 37 respectively, and the output end of the high-speed acquisition card 38 is connected with the input end of the computer 39.
The output end of the faraday rotator 41 is connected with the input end of one core of the three-core sensing fiber 30, the output end of the third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 27 is connected with the input end of the third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 27, the output end of the third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 27 is respectively connected with the input ends of the adjustable optical time delay generator 26 and the second 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler 25, the output end of the adjustable light delay generator 26 is connected with the input end of the second 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 25, the input end of the second 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 25 is respectively connected with the output ends of the acousto-optic modulator 23 and the second photodetector 36, the acousto-optic modulator 23 is modulated by the pulse generator 24, the input end of the acousto-optic modulator 23 is connected with the output end of the fourth optical fiber polarization controller 22, the input end of the fourth optical fiber polarization controller 22 is connected with the output end of the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21, and the input end of the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21 is connected with the output end of the first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13.
Based on the system, the optical fiber multi-parameter detection method for the goaf traffic infrastructure comprises the following steps:
step one, generating broadband chaotic laser;
the chaotic laser is output by the joint disturbance of light injection and light feedback and consists of an F-P semiconductor laser without a built-in optical isolator, an arbitrary DFB semiconductor laser, a variable optical attenuator, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a polarization controller, a first circulator and a fiber coupler. Specifically, a DFB semiconductor laser is adopted to output optical signals, and the optical signals are injected into an F-P semiconductor laser with an optical fiber feedback loop. The chaotic laser signal output with the center wavelength between 1550nm, adjustable spectral width and spectral width larger than 100GHz can be realized by utilizing the connection of a light injection and light feedback combined disturbance mode and adjusting the feedback intensity, the injection intensity and the injection frequency detuning amount.
Step two, stress detection along the optical fiber
The method utilizes the frequency shift amount and the power variation amount of Brillouin scattering light and the strain change inside the optical fiber to have a determined functional relationship, so that the distribution condition of a space stress field along the optical fiber is obtained.
The specific measurement method is as follows: dividing the chaotic laser signal (C wave band) output in the first step into three paths through a 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler 11, a first isolator 12 and a first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13, wherein one path is used as reference light (reference), one path is used as pump light (pump), and the other path is used as probe light (probe); the detection light is injected into an electro-optical modulator 15 through a third optical fiber polarization controller 14, double-sideband modulation is carried out on the detection light through a sinusoidal signal generator 16 with the center frequency matched with the optical fiber Brillouin frequency shift quantity, the modulated detection light enters a first adjustable optical delay generator 17, and related peak positioning is realized by adjusting the optical path of the detection light; the detection light is amplified by a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier 18 and then injected into a polarization scrambler 19, and finally injected into one end of a multi-core sensing fiber 30 through a second isolator 20; the pump light is amplified by the third erbium-doped fiber amplifier 21, passes through the fourth fiber polarization controller 22, is subjected to pulse intensity modulation by the acousto-optic modulator 23 and the pulse generator 24, the modulated pulse chaotic light is divided into three paths by the second 3 × 3 coupler 25, the three paths of the pump light enter the left end of the second circulator 28, and finally the pulse chaotic pump light is injected into the other end of the multi-core sensing fiber 30 through the fourth 1 × 2 fiber coupler 29; then the pump light and the detection light interfere at each point of the sensing optical fiber, the interfered scattered light enters the second circulator 28 after passing through the fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 29, the Brillouin signal carrying strain information enters the band-pass filter 33 and is filtered out, the photoelectric conversion is carried out through the first photoelectric detector 35, the Stokes signal power is collected through the data acquisition card 38, the Brillouin gain spectrum is obtained by utilizing the power information demodulation, and finally the stress distribution along the optical fiber is obtained.
Because the frequency shift amount and the power variation amount of the Brillouin scattering light in the optical fiber have a certain linear relation with the strain variation in the optical fiber, when the temperature/strain of a certain position of the detection optical fiber changes, the frequency and the power of the backward Brillouin scattering signal light correspondingly change, and the strain variation amount of the certain position of the detection optical fiber is obtained by analyzing and processing the signal by using a computer.
Step three, detecting the temperature along the optical fiber
Dividing the chaotic laser generated in the first step into three paths through the first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13, and then connecting the reference light (reference) to the data acquisition card 38 after entering the photoelectric detector 37; the pump light is amplified by the third erbium-doped fiber amplifier 21 and then injected into the fourth fiber polarization controller 22, then the pump light is subjected to pulse intensity modulation by the acousto-optic modulator 23 and the pulse signal generator 24, the modulated pulse chaotic light is divided into three paths by the second 3 × 3 coupler 25, the three paths of the pump light enter the left end of the second circulator 28, and finally the pulse chaotic pump light is injected into the multi-core sensing fiber 30 through the fourth 1 × 2 fiber coupler 29; backward Raman scattering signals in the sensing optical fiber carry temperature information of each position on the sensing optical fiber, then the backward Raman signals are incident to the right incident end of a fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 29, the other path of the fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 29 is subjected to photoelectric conversion amplification by a wavelength division multiplexer 32 to filter out a Raman anti-Stokes signal of 1450nm, the Raman anti-Stokes signal is connected to a data acquisition card 38 and enters a computer 39 after being subjected to photoelectric conversion amplification by an avalanche photoelectric amplifier 34, and after the computer performs cross-correlation operation on a chaotic reference signal of a reference path and the Raman anti-Stokes signal, the position along the optical fiber and the temperature change information of the chaotic reference signal are obtained through cross-correlation information.
The spatial resolution of the system depends on the full width at half maximum of the peak value on the cross-correlation curve of the signal of the chaotic laser and the Raman signal scattered in the optical fiber, namely the spatial resolution is determined by the bandwidth of the chaotic laser and is not limited by the pulse width of a light source in the traditional system.
Step four, detecting vibration along the optical fiber line
Dividing the chaotic laser generated in the first step into three paths through the first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 13, injecting the pump light into the fourth optical fiber polarization controller 22 after amplifying the pump light through the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 21, then performing pulse intensity modulation on the pump light through the acoustic-optical modulator 23 and the pulse signal generator 24, dividing the modulated pulse chaotic light into three paths through the second 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 25, connecting one path of the pump light with the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 27, connecting the two paths of the pump light with the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 27 after passing through the second tunable optical delay generator 26, injecting the two paths of the modulated pulse chaotic light into the multi-core sensing optical fiber 30 for interference through the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 27, finally performing photoelectric conversion after the interference light carrying vibration signals is reflected through the faraday rotary mirror 41 and then injected into the second photoelectric detector 36 through the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 27 and the second 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler 25, finally, the electric signal is converted into a digital signal by a high-speed data acquisition card 38, and finally, the vibration signal along the optical fiber is displayed by a computer 39.
Step five, grating displacement detection
The chaotic laser generated in the first step is respectively injected into a plurality of Bragg gratings arranged at measuring points through the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler 11 (each Bragg grating is connected with the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler through an optical fiber), the backward reflected light of the gratings passes through the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler 11 and enters the spectrometer 40 to detect the change of the wavelength, and the change of the displacement can be obtained through the offset of the wavelength, so that the measurement of the displacement is realized.
The grating displacement structure is as follows: the Bragg gratings are distributed on the outer surface of the multi-core sensing optical fiber 30, each Bragg grating corresponds to one measuring point, when the displacement of the measuring point changes, the fiber bragg grating is stretched or compressed, so that the reflection wavelength drifts, the displacement sensor can be realized through conversion according to the size of the drift amount, and the structure is integrally packaged and then placed in bridges, railways and tunnels, so that the micro-strain between the traffic infrastructure structures can be monitored.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention and shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a collecting space area traffic infrastructure oriented optical fiber multi-parameter detection system which characterized in that: comprises a chaotic laser emitting device, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (11), a first isolator (12), a first 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (13), a third optical fiber polarization controller (14), an electro-optical modulator (15), a sinusoidal signal generator (16), a first dimmable time delay generator (17), a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (18), a polarization scrambler (19), a second isolator (20), a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (21), a fourth optical fiber polarization controller (22), an acousto-optic modulator (23), a pulse generator (24), a second 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (25), a second dimmable time delay generator (26), a third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (27), a second circulator (28), a fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (29), a multi-core sensing optical fiber (30), a Bragg grating (31) and a wavelength division multiplexer (32), a band-pass filter (33), an avalanche photoelectric amplifier (34), a first photoelectric detector (35), a second photoelectric detector (36), a third photoelectric detector (37), a high-speed acquisition card (38), a computer (39), a spectrometer (40) and a Faraday rotation mirror (41);
wherein, the output end of the chaotic laser emission device and the input end of the spectrometer (40) are respectively connected with the input end of a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (11), the output end of the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (11) is respectively connected with the input end of a first isolator (12) and the input end of a Bragg grating (31), the output end of the first isolator (12) is connected with the input end of a first 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (13), the output end of the 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (13) is respectively connected with the input ends of a third optical fiber polarization controller (14), a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (21) and a third photoelectric detector (37), the output end of the third optical fiber polarization controller (14) is connected with the input end of an electro-optical modulator (15), the electro-optical modulator (15) is subjected to double-sideband modulation by a sine adjustable optical signal generator (16), the output end of the electro-optical modulator (15) is connected with the output end of a first delay generator (17), the output end of the first adjustable optical time delay generator (17) is connected with the input end of the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (18), the input end of the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (18) is connected with the input end of the polarization scrambler (19), the input end of the polarization scrambler (19) is connected with the output end of the second isolator (20), the output end of the second isolator (20) is connected with the input end of one core of the multi-core sensing fiber (30), the output end of the second isolator is connected with the output end of the fourth 1 x 2 fiber coupler (29), the input end of the fourth 1 x 2 fiber coupler (29) is respectively connected with the wavelength division multiplexer (32) and the right output end of the second circulator (28), the input end of the wavelength division multiplexer (32) is connected with the input end of the avalanche photoelectric amplifier (34), the output end of the avalanche photoelectric amplifier (34) is connected with the input end of the data acquisition card (38), the left input end of the second circulator (28) is connected with the output end of the second 3 x 3 fiber coupler (25), the upper output end of the second circulator (28) is connected with the output end of a band-pass filter (33), the input end of the band-pass filter (33) is connected with the output end of a first photoelectric detector (35), the input end of a high-speed acquisition card (38) is respectively connected with the output ends of an avalanche photoelectric amplifier (34), the first photoelectric detector (35), a second photoelectric detector (36) and a third photoelectric detector (37), and the output end of the high-speed acquisition card (38) is connected with the input end of a computer (39);
the output end of the Faraday rotator mirror (41) is connected with the input end of one core of a multi-core sensing optical fiber (30), the output end of the Faraday rotator mirror is connected with the input end of a third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (27), the output end of the third 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (27) is respectively connected with the input ends of a dimmable delay generator (26) and a second 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (25), the output end of the dimmable delay generator (26) is connected with the input end of the second 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (25), the input end of the second 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (25) is respectively connected with the output ends of an acousto-optic modulator (23) and a second photoelectric detector (36), the acousto-optic modulator (23) is modulated by a pulse generator (24), the input end of the acousto-optic modulator (23) is connected with the output end of a fourth optical fiber polarization controller (22), the input end of the fourth optical fiber polarization controller (22) is connected with the output end of a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (21), the input end of the third erbium-doped fiber amplifier (21) is connected with the output end of the first 3 multiplied by 3 fiber coupler (13).
2. An optical fiber multi-parameter detection method for goaf traffic infrastructure is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, generating broadband chaotic laser;
step two, stress detection along the optical fiber
Dividing the chaotic laser signal output in the first step into three paths through a 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (11), a first isolator (12) and a first 3X 3 optical fiber coupler (13), wherein one path is used as reference light, one path is used as pump light, and the other path is used as probe light; the detection light is injected into an electro-optic modulator (15) through a third optical fiber polarization controller (14) and is subjected to double-sideband modulation through a sinusoidal signal generator (16) with the center frequency matched with the optical fiber Brillouin frequency shift amount, the modulated detection light enters a first adjustable optical time delay generator (17), and the related peak positioning is realized by adjusting the optical path of the detection light; then the detection light is amplified by a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (18) and then injected into a polarization scrambler (19), and finally injected into one end of a multi-core sensing fiber (30) through a second isolator (20); the pump light is amplified by the third erbium-doped fiber amplifier (21), passes through the fourth fiber polarization controller (22), is subjected to pulse intensity modulation by the acousto-optic modulator (23) and the pulse generator (24), the modulated pulse chaotic light is divided into three paths by the second 3 x 3 coupler (25), the three paths of the pump light enter the left end of the second circulator (28), and finally the pump light is injected into the other end of the multi-core sensing fiber (30) through the fourth 1 x 2 fiber coupler (29); then the pump light and the detection light generate interference at each point of the sensing optical fiber, the interfered scattered light enters a second circulator (28) after passing through a fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (29), a Brillouin signal carrying strain information enters a band-pass filter (33) and is filtered out, photoelectric conversion is carried out through a first photoelectric detector (35), finally, the Stokes signal power is collected through a data acquisition card (38), a Brillouin gain spectrum is obtained by utilizing power information demodulation, and finally, the stress distribution along the optical fiber is obtained;
step three, detecting the temperature along the optical fiber
Dividing the chaotic laser generated in the first step into three paths through a first 3 x 3 optical fiber coupler (13), and connecting the reference light with a data acquisition card (38) after the reference light enters a photoelectric detector (37); the pump light is amplified by a third erbium-doped fiber amplifier (21) and then injected into a fourth fiber polarization controller (22), then the pump light is subjected to pulse intensity modulation by an acousto-optic modulator (23) and a pulse signal generator (24), the modulated pulse chaotic light is divided into three paths by a second 3 x 3 coupler (25), the three paths of the pump light enter the left end of a second circulator (28), and finally the pump light is injected into a multi-core sensing fiber (30) through a fourth 1 x 2 fiber coupler (29); backward Raman scattering signals in the sensing optical fiber carry temperature information of each position on the sensing optical fiber, then the backward Raman signals are incident to the right incident end of a fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (29), the other path of the fourth 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (29) is filtered to obtain 1450nm Raman anti-Stokes signals through a wavelength division multiplexer (32), the Raman anti-Stokes signals are amplified through photoelectric conversion through an avalanche photoelectric amplifier (34) and then are connected to a data acquisition card (38) to enter a computer (39), and the computer performs cross-correlation operation on chaotic reference signals and the Raman anti-Stokes signals of a reference path to obtain position and temperature change information along the optical fiber;
step four, detecting vibration along the optical fiber line
Dividing the chaotic laser generated in the first step into three paths through a first 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler (13), amplifying the pump light through a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (21) and then injecting the amplified pump light into a fourth optical fiber polarization controller (22), then performing pulse intensity modulation on the pump light through an acoustic-optical modulator (23) and a pulse signal generator (24), dividing the modulated pulse chaotic light into three paths through a second 3 × 3 optical fiber coupler (25), connecting one path of the pump light with a third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler (27), connecting two paths of the pump light with the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler (27) after passing through a second adjustable optical time delay generator (26), injecting the two paths of the pump light into a sensing multi-core optical fiber (30) for interference after passing through the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler (27), and finally reflecting the interference light carrying Faraday vibration signals through a first rotary mirror (41) and then passing through the third 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler (27), The second 3 multiplied by 3 coupler (25) is injected into the second photoelectric detector (36) for photoelectric conversion, finally the electric signal is converted into a digital signal by a high-speed data acquisition card (38), and finally a computer (39) is used for displaying the vibration signal along the optical fiber;
step five, grating displacement detection
And (2) injecting the chaotic laser generated in the first step into a plurality of Bragg gratings (31) arranged at measuring points through a 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (11), detecting the change of wavelength after grating back reflection light passes through the 2X 2 optical fiber coupler (11) and enters a spectrometer (40), and obtaining the change of displacement of corresponding measuring points through the offset of the wavelength so as to realize the measurement of the displacement.
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