CN105784195A - Single-end chaotic Brillouin optical time-domain analysis distributed fiber sensing device and method - Google Patents
Single-end chaotic Brillouin optical time-domain analysis distributed fiber sensing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105784195A CN105784195A CN201610306001.8A CN201610306001A CN105784195A CN 105784195 A CN105784195 A CN 105784195A CN 201610306001 A CN201610306001 A CN 201610306001A CN 105784195 A CN105784195 A CN 105784195A
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- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of distributed fiber sensing, specifically a single-end chaotic Brillouin optical time-domain analysis distributed fiber sensing device and method. The device and method solve problems that there is an irreconcilable conflict between the measurement distance and spatial resolution when a conventional Brillouin optical time-domain analysis distributed fiber sensing device employs an optical pulse signal as a detection signal, and the application range is limited because a sensing system is broken down and cannot work during the appearing of a break point in a sensing fiber because of a double-end mode. The device and method employs a chaotic laser signal to replace the optical pulse signal, achieves the measurement and positioning of the temperature or strain of an optical fiber, and employs a single-end BOTDA (Brillouin optical time-domain analysis) sensing system. The device and method can avoid the conflict between the sensing distance and spatial resolution in a conventional Brillouin optical time-domain analysis distributed fiber sensing system, and solves a limit problem that a double-end BOTDA sensing system cannot work normally when the break point appears in the optical fiber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, be specially distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment and the method for single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis.Utilize chaotic laser light backward Rayleigh scattering in a fiber and Brillouin's stimulated scattering effect, it is possible to realize the continuous measurement to temperature or the high spatial resolution of strain, distance.
Background technology
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, adopt general single mode fiber as sensing transmission medium, the measured field that optical fiber is along the line can be carried out full distributed on a large scale temperature, strain monitoring, be used widely in fields such as Aero-Space, civil engineering, intelligent grids.
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques is developed rapidly, and achieves breakthrough in three below: 1. measure the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of fibre loss and trouble point based on Rayleigh scattering；2. the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of temperature is measured based on Raman scattering；3. the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of temperature or strain is measured based on Brillouin scattering.Wherein, the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Rayleigh scattering and Raman scattering has tended to ripe, and progressively moves towards practical.But, temperature, strain should be able to be measured by the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Brillouin scattering simultaneously, and measurement scope and spatial resolution are above other two kinds of sensing technologies, have obtained the extensive concern of researcher.
Based on the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of Brillouin scattering, time domain system and domain of dependence system can be divided into.Relative to domain of dependence system, time domain system has obvious advantage on distance sensing, Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry system (BrillouinOpticalTime-DomainReflectometry can be divided into further, and Brillouin optical time domain analysis system (BrillouinOpticalTime-DomainAnalysis, BOTDA) BOTDR).BOTDR and BOTDA system is to be based respectively on the spontaneous of optical fiber and stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, and therefore, BOTDA system has longer distance sensing.But, BOTDA time domain system utilizes light pulse signal to realize the location of fiber optic temperature or strain as detectable signal, substantially, also exists and measures the contradiction cannot being in harmonious proportion between distance and spatial resolution.This is because, the pulse width increasing direct impulse can increase pulsed light power, improves and measures distance, but can seriously reduce spatial resolution, causes the spatial resolution of BOTDA time domain system at about 1 meter.Additionally, both-end BOTDA time domain system needs to be injected separately into pump light and detection light at sensor fibre two ends, causing that when occurring breakpoint in sensor fibre sensor-based system paralysis cannot work, therefore, its range of application is limited.
Summary of the invention
This invention address that the contradiction cannot being in harmonious proportion between measurement distance and the spatial resolution that the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of existing Brillouin optical time domain analysis utilizes light pulse signal to exist as detectable signal, and double-end type bring can cause when breakpoint occurs in sensor fibre sensor-based system paralysis and cannot work, therefore, the problem that its range of application is limited, it is provided that the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of a kind of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis and method.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization: the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis, including chaotic laser light device, 1 × 2 first fiber couplers, first high-speed electro-optic modulator, microwave signal source, light scrambler, 2 × 1 fiber couplers, optical circulator, sensor fibre, fiber reflector, second high-speed electro-optic modulator, pulse generator, 1 × 2 second fiber couplers, first image intensifer, second image intensifer, 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers, first optical band pass filter, second optical band pass filter, first photodetector, second photodetector, 3rd photodetector, data collecting card, computer；
Wherein, the exit end of chaotic laser light device and the incidence end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers connect；
First exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first high-speed electro-optic modulator；The exit end of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator is connected with the incidence end of light scrambler by single-mode fiber jumper；The signal output part of microwave signal source and the signal input part of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator connect；The exit end of light scrambler is connected by first incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 2 × 1 fiber couplers；The exit end of 2 × 1 fiber couplers is connected with the incidence end of optical circulator by single-mode fiber jumper；The reflection end of optical circulator is connected with one end of sensor fibre；The other end of sensor fibre is connected with fiber reflector；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second high-speed electro-optic modulator；The exit end of the second high-speed electro-optic modulator is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 1 × 2 second fiber couplers；The signal output part of pulse generator and the signal input part of the second high-speed electro-optic modulator connect；First exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first image intensifer；The exit end of the first image intensifer is connected by second incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 2 × 1 fiber couplers；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers utilizes the incidence end of a single-mode fiber jumper and the first photodetector to connect；
The exit end of optical circulator is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second image intensifer；The incidence end of the exit end of the second image intensifer and 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers connects；
First exit end of 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first optical band pass filter；Second exit end of 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second optical band pass filter；The exit end of the first optical band pass filter is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second photodetector；The exit end of the second optical band pass filter is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the 3rd photodetector；The signal output part of the first photodetector is connected with the first signal input part of data collecting card；The signal output part of the second photodetector is connected with the secondary signal input of data collecting card；The signal output part of the 3rd photodetector is connected with the 3rd signal input part of data collecting card；The signal output part of data collecting card is connected with the signal input part of computer.
The distributing optical fiber sensing method of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis, the method realizes in the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis of the present invention, and the method is to adopt following steps to realize:
A. the chaotic laser light signal that chaotic laser light device sends is divided into two-way through 1 × 2 first fiber couplers: first via chaotic laser light signal is as detection optical signal, and the second road chaotic laser light signal is as pump light signals；Detection optical signal first passes through the first high-speed electro-optic modulator, and the sinusoidal signal modulation exported by microwave signal source, make the frequency displacement of detection light modulation sideband signals close to Brillouin shift, then carry out disturbing through light scrambler to the rear, after 2 × 1 fiber couplers and optical circulator close bundle, go in ring, enter sensor fibre；Pump light signals is first through the second high-speed electro-optic modulator, and the pulse signal modulation exported by pulse generator, then through 1 × 2 second fiber coupler beam splitting, therein a branch of amplify through the first image intensifer, 2 × 1 fiber couplers and optical circulator, close bundle again, go in ring after enter sensor fibre with detecting together with optical signal, another Shu Zuowei reference light is converted to the signal of telecommunication through the first photodetector, after gathering then through data collecting card, it is input in computer；
B. the detection light modulation sideband signals being reflected back with the fiber reflector through sensor fibre far-end through wherein a branch of pump light signals of 1 × 2 second fiber coupler beam splitting, a certain position in sensor fibre is met in opposite directions, when the frequency of detection light modulation sideband signals has dropped in optical fiber Brillouin gain spectral, detection light modulation sideband signals will be exaggerated, when frequency is exactly equal to Brillouin shift amount, detection light modulation sideband signals reaches maximum；While pump light amplifies detection light modulation sideband signals, pump light itself also can produce backward Rayleigh scattering optical signal；After the pump light of backward Rayleigh scattering exports from the exit end of circulator with detection light modulation sideband, after the second image intensifer, 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers amplifications, beam splitting, filtered by the first optical band pass filter and the second optical band pass filter respectively；The backward Rayleigh scattering pump light leached through the first optical band pass filter is converted to the signal of telecommunication by the second photodetector and is input in data collecting card, and the detection light modulation sideband leached through the second optical band pass filter is converted to the signal of telecommunication by the 3rd photodetector and is input in data collecting card；The data collected are input in computer, by calculating after pump light to the correlation function between Rayleigh scattering signal and reference optical signal, it is assured that out the position signalling of fiber optic temperature or strain, meanwhile, the brillouin gain spectrum of optical fiber is may determine that, thus obtaining temperature or the strain value of optical fiber any position by calculating the relation between the power of detection light modulation sideband signals and the sinusoidal signal modulation frequency of microwave signal source output.
Compared with prior art, present invention have the advantage that
One, the present invention utilizes the chaotic signal cross-correlation that chaotic laser light its own signal postpones with it to present the shape of class delta-function, and the position of cross-correlation trace upward peak and full width at half maximum may determine that range information and the spatial resolution of fiber optic temperature or strain.Compared with the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of the Brillouin light time domain system realizing temperature or strain location based on pulse signal, this fundamentally overcomes the contradictory problems measuring between distance and spatial resolution in the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of existing Brillouin light time domain system；
Two, the present invention with based on frequency by the continuous light of sinusoidal signal modulation realize temperature or strain location Brillouin light domain of dependence system compared with, distance sensing can be made to improve 2 orders of magnitude, solve the contradictory problems between measurement distance and the spatial resolution existed in above-mentioned domain of dependence system simultaneously；
Three and Chinese patent (ZL201310045097.3, CN201510531253.6, CN201510531180.0) distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment and method based on chaotic laser light coherent detection are compared, and the location of fiber optic temperature of the present invention or strain is that the related operation by chaotic laser light signal and its reference signal is to obtain the positional information of fiber optic temperature or strain.Realize the location of fiber optic temperature or strain relative to above-mentioned patent utilization variable optical delay line, cause and measure every time and individually a bit can only measure on optical fiber.And the present invention can realize the continuous measurement of distance temperature or strain.Additionally, foregoing invention is based on the Brillouin scattering effect of optical fiber carries out the location of fiber optic temperature or strain, and the present invention is based on the Rayleigh scattering of optical fiber, and its scattered signal is higher, thus has longer distance sensing.
Four, the present invention adopts the BOTDA sensor-based system of single-ended structure, both can based on the excited Brillouin gain effect of optical fiber, realize the distance of fiber optic temperature or strain is monitored, cannot the restricted problem of normal operation when can avoid again both-end BOTDA sensor-based system optical fiber occurs breakpoint.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention.
In figure, 1: chaotic laser light device；2:1 × 2 first fiber coupler；3: the first high-speed electro-optic modulators；4: microwave signal source；5: light scrambler；6:2 × 1 fiber coupler；7: optical circulator；8: sensor fibre；9: fiber reflector；10: the second high-speed electro-optic modulators；11: pulse generator；12:1 × 2 second fiber coupler；13: the first image intensifers；14: the second image intensifers；15:1 × 2 the 3rd fiber coupler；16: the first optical band pass filters；17: the second optical band pass filters；18: the first photodetectors；19: the second photodetectors；20: the three photodetectors；21: data collecting card；22: computer.
Detailed description of the invention
The distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis, including chaotic laser light device 1, 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 2, first high-speed electro-optic modulator 3, microwave signal source 4, light scrambler 5, 2 × 1 fiber couplers 6, optical circulator 7, sensor fibre 8, fiber reflector 9, second high-speed electro-optic modulator 10, pulse generator 11, 1 × 2 second fiber couplers 12, first image intensifer 13, second image intensifer 14, 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers 15, first optical band pass filter 16, second optical band pass filter 17, first photodetector 18, second photodetector 19, 3rd photodetector 20, data collecting card 21, computer 22；
Wherein, the exit end of chaotic laser light device 1 and the incidence end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 2 connect；
First exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 2 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first high-speed electro-optic modulator 3；The exit end of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator 3 is connected with the incidence end of light scrambler 5 by single-mode fiber jumper；The signal output part of microwave signal source 4 and the signal input part of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator 3 connect；The exit end of light scrambler 5 is connected by first incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 2 × 1 fiber couplers 6；The exit end of 2 × 1 fiber couplers 6 is connected with the incidence end of optical circulator 7 by single-mode fiber jumper；The reflection end of optical circulator 7 is connected with one end of sensor fibre 8；The other end of sensor fibre 8 is connected with fiber reflector 9；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 2 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second high-speed electro-optic modulator 10；The exit end of the second high-speed electro-optic modulator 10 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 1 × 2 second fiber couplers 12；The signal output part of pulse generator 11 and the signal input part of the second high-speed electro-optic modulator 10 connect；First exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers 12 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first image intensifer 13；The exit end of the first image intensifer 13 is connected by second incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 2 × 1 fiber couplers 6；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers 12 utilizes the incidence end of a single-mode fiber jumper and the first photodetector 18 to connect；
The exit end of optical circulator 7 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second image intensifer 14；The exit end of the second image intensifer 14 and the incidence end of 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers 15 connect；
First exit end of 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers 15 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first optical band pass filter 16；Second exit end of 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers 15 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second optical band pass filter 17；The exit end of the first optical band pass filter 16 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second photodetector 19；The exit end of the second optical band pass filter 17 is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the 3rd photodetector 20；The signal output part of the first photodetector 18 is connected with the first signal input part of data collecting card 21；The signal output part of the second photodetector 19 is connected with the secondary signal input of data collecting card 21；The signal output part of the 3rd photodetector 20 is connected with the 3rd signal input part of data collecting card 21；The signal output part of data collecting card 21 is connected with the signal input part of computer 22.
The distributing optical fiber sensing method of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis, the method realizes in the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis of the present invention, and the method is to adopt following steps to realize:
A. the chaotic laser light signal that chaotic laser light device 1 sends is divided into two-way through 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 2: first via chaotic laser light signal is as detection optical signal, and the second road chaotic laser light signal is as pump light signals；Detection optical signal first passes through the first high-speed electro-optic modulator 3, and the sinusoidal signal modulation exported by microwave signal source 4, make the frequency displacement of detection light modulation sideband signals close to Brillouin shift, then carry out disturbing through light scrambler 5 to the rear, after 2 × 1 fiber couplers 6 and optical circulator 7 close bundle, go in ring, enter sensor fibre 8；Pump light signals is first through the second high-speed electro-optic modulator 10, and the pulse signal modulation exported by pulse generator 11, then through 1 × 2 second fiber coupler 12 beam splitting, therein a branch of amplify with optical circulator 7 through the first image intensifer 13,2 × 1 fiber coupler 6, close bundle again, go in ring after enter sensor fibre 8 together with detection optical signal, another Shu Zuowei reference light is converted to the signal of telecommunication through the first photodetector 18, after gathering then through data collecting card 21, it is input in computer 22；
B. the detection light modulation sideband signals being reflected back with the fiber reflector 9 through sensor fibre 8 far-end through wherein a branch of pump light signals of 1 × 2 second fiber coupler 12 beam splitting, a certain position in sensor fibre 8 is met in opposite directions, when the frequency of detection light modulation sideband signals has dropped in optical fiber Brillouin gain spectral, detection light modulation sideband signals will be exaggerated, when frequency is exactly equal to Brillouin shift amount, detection light modulation sideband signals reaches maximum；While pump light amplifies detection light modulation sideband signals, pump light itself also can produce backward Rayleigh scattering optical signal；After the pump light of backward Rayleigh scattering and detection optical sideband export from the exit end of circulator 7, amplify then through the second image intensifer 14,1 × 2 the 3rd fiber coupler 15, after beam splitting, filtered by the first optical band pass filter 16 and the second optical band pass filter 17 respectively；The backward Rayleigh scattering pump light leached through the first optical band pass filter 16 is converted to the signal of telecommunication by the second photodetector 19 and is input in data collecting card 21, and the detection light modulation sideband leached through the second optical band pass filter 17 is converted to the signal of telecommunication by the 3rd photodetector 20 and is input in data collecting card 21；The data collected are input in computer 22, by calculating after pump light to the correlation function between Rayleigh scattering signal and reference optical signal, it is assured that out the position signalling of fiber optic temperature or strain, meanwhile, the brillouin gain spectrum of optical fiber is may determine that, thus obtaining temperature or the strain value of optical fiber any position by calculating the relation between the power of detection light modulation sideband signals and the sinusoidal signal modulation frequency of microwave signal source 4 output.
When being embodied as, chaotic laser light device 1 by one without the DFB semiconductor laser of built in light isolator, one have the DFB semiconductor laser of built in light isolator, linear chirp optical fiber grating, adjustable optical attenuator, Polarization Controller, fiber coupler to constitute.It is 1530-1565nm, the spectrum width chaotic laser light signal more than 10GHz that chaotic laser light device 1 can produce centre wavelength.The coupling ratio of 1 × 2 first fiber coupler 2,1 × 2 second fiber coupler 12,1 × 2 the 3rd fiber coupler 15,2 × 1 fiber couplers 6 is 50:50.First high-speed electro-optic modulator the 3, second high-speed electro-optic modulator 10 adopts LN81S-FC type intensity modulator.Microwave signal source 4 adopts Model-SNP1012-520-01 type microwave signal source.Pulse generator 11 adopts HP8015A type pulse signal generator.First image intensifer the 13, second image intensifer 14 adopts erbium-doped fiber amplifier or semiconductor optical amplifier.First optical band pass filter the 16, second optical band pass filter 17 adopts XTM-50 type wavelength and bandwidth adjustable light wave-filter.Sensor fibre 8 adopts G.652 series single-mode fiber, and its length is 250km.
Claims (8)
- null1. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of a single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis，It is characterized in that，Including chaotic laser light device (1)、1 × 2 first fiber couplers (2)、First high-speed electro-optic modulator (3)、Microwave signal source (4)、Light scrambler (5)、2 × 1 fiber couplers (6)、Optical circulator (7)、Sensor fibre (8)、Fiber reflector (9)、Second high-speed electro-optic modulator (10)、Pulse generator (11)、1 × 2 second fiber couplers (12)、First image intensifer (13)、Second image intensifer (14)、1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers (15)、First optical band pass filter (16)、Second optical band pass filter (17)、First photodetector (18)、Second photodetector (19)、3rd photodetector (20)、Data collecting card (21)、Computer (22)；Wherein, the exit end of chaotic laser light device (1) and the incidence end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (2) connect；First exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (2) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (3)；The exit end of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (3) is connected with the incidence end of light scrambler (5) by single-mode fiber jumper；The signal output part of microwave signal source (4) and the signal input part of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (3) connect；The exit end of light scrambler (5) is connected by first incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 2 × 1 fiber couplers (6)；The exit end of 2 × 1 fiber couplers (6) is connected with the incidence end of optical circulator (7) by single-mode fiber jumper；The reflection end of optical circulator (7) is connected with one end of sensor fibre (8)；The other end of sensor fibre (8) is connected with fiber reflector (9)；Second exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (2) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second high-speed electro-optic modulator (10)；The exit end of the second high-speed electro-optic modulator (10) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 1 × 2 second fiber couplers (12)；The signal output part of pulse generator (11) and the signal input part of the second high-speed electro-optic modulator (10) connect；First exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers (12) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first image intensifer (13)；The exit end of the first image intensifer (13) is connected by second incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and 2 × 1 fiber couplers (6)；Second exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers (12) utilizes the incidence end of a single-mode fiber jumper and the first photodetector (18) to connect；The exit end of optical circulator (7) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second image intensifer (14)；The exit end of the second image intensifer (14) and the incidence end of 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers (15) connect；First exit end of 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers (15) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first optical band pass filter (16)；Second exit end of 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers (15) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second optical band pass filter (17)；The exit end of the first optical band pass filter (16) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second photodetector (19)；The exit end of the second optical band pass filter (17) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the 3rd photodetector (20)；The signal output part of the first photodetector (18) is connected with the first signal input part of data collecting card (21)；The signal output part of the second photodetector (19) is connected with the secondary signal input of data collecting card (21)；The signal output part of the 3rd photodetector (20) is connected with the 3rd signal input part of data collecting card (21)；The signal output part of data collecting card (21) is connected with the signal input part of computer (22).
- 2. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, chaotic laser light device (1) by one without the DFB semiconductor laser of built in light isolator, one have the DFB semiconductor laser of built in light isolator, linear chirp optical fiber grating, adjustable optical attenuator, Polarization Controller, fiber coupler to constitute.
- 3. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (2), 1 × 2 second fiber couplers (12), 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers (15), 2 × 1 fiber couplers (6) coupling ratio be 50:50.
- 4. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (3), the second high-speed electro-optic modulator (10) adopt LN81S-FC type intensity modulator；Microwave signal source (4) adopts Model-SNP1012-520-01 type microwave signal source；Pulse generator (11) adopts HP8015A type pulse signal generator.
- 5. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that the first image intensifer (13), the second image intensifer (14) adopt erbium-doped fiber amplifier or semiconductor optical amplifier；First optical band pass filter the 16, second optical band pass filter (17) adopts XTM-50 type wavelength and bandwidth adjustable light wave-filter.
- 6. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that sensor fibre (8) adopts G.652 series single-mode fiber, and its length is 250km.
- 7. the distributing optical fiber sensing method of a single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis, it is characterized in that realizing in the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of the method single-ended chaos Brillouin optical time domain analysis described in claim 1, the method is to adopt following steps to realize:A. the chaotic laser light signal that chaotic laser light device (1) sends is divided into two-way through 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (2): first via chaotic laser light signal is as detection optical signal, and the second road chaotic laser light signal is as pump light signals；Detection optical signal first passes through the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (3), and the sinusoidal signal modulation exported by microwave signal source (4), make the frequency displacement of detection light modulation sideband signals close to Brillouin shift, then carry out disturbing through light scrambler (5) to the rear, after 2 × 1 fiber couplers (6) and optical circulator (7) close bundle, go in ring, enter sensor fibre (8)；Pump light signals is first through the second high-speed electro-optic modulator (10), and the pulse signal modulation exported by pulse generator (11), then through 1 × 2 second fiber coupler (12) beam splitting, therein a branch of amplify through the first image intensifer (13), 2 × 1 fiber couplers (6) and optical circulator (7), close bundle again, go in ring after enter sensor fibre (8) with detecting together with optical signal, another Shu Zuowei reference light is converted to the signal of telecommunication through the first photodetector (18), after gathering then through data collecting card (21), it is input in computer (22)；B. the detection light modulation sideband signals being reflected back with the fiber reflector (9) through sensor fibre (8) far-end through wherein a branch of pump light signals of 1 × 2 second fiber coupler (12) beam splitting, a certain position in sensor fibre (8) is met in opposite directions, when the frequency of detection light modulation sideband signals has dropped in optical fiber Brillouin gain spectral, detection light modulation sideband signals will be exaggerated, when frequency is exactly equal to Brillouin shift amount, detection light modulation sideband signals reaches maximum；While pump light amplifies detection light modulation sideband signals, pump light itself also can produce backward Rayleigh scattering optical signal；After the pump light of backward Rayleigh scattering exports from the exit end of circulator (7) with detection light modulation sideband, after the second image intensifer (14), 1 × 2 the 3rd fiber couplers (15) amplifications, beam splitting, filtered by the first optical band pass filter (16) and the second optical band pass filter (17) respectively；The backward Rayleigh scattering pump light leached through the first optical band pass filter (16) is converted to the signal of telecommunication by the second photodetector (19) and is input in data collecting card (21), and the detection light modulation sideband leached through the second optical band pass filter (17) is converted to the signal of telecommunication by the 3rd photodetector (20) and is input in data collecting card (21)；The data collected are input in computer (22), by calculating after pump light to the correlation function between Rayleigh scattering signal and reference optical signal, it is assured that out the position signalling of fiber optic temperature or strain, meanwhile, the brillouin gain spectrum of optical fiber is may determine that, thus obtaining temperature or the strain value of optical fiber any position by the relation between the sinusoidal signal modulation frequency that the power and microwave signal source (4) that calculate detection light modulation sideband signals export.
- 8. the distributing optical fiber sensing method of single-ended chaos Brillouin's time-domain analysis according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the chaotic laser light signal center wavelength that chaotic laser light device (1) produces is that 1530-1565nm, spectrum width are more than 10GHz.
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