CN106595776B - A kind of more physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic and method - Google Patents
A kind of more physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of more physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic, belong to sensor technical field, including laser pulse generating unit, the sensing optic cable being separately connected respectively with the input, output end of wavelength-division multiplex realization unit, wavelength-division multiplex realizes that the output end of unit is also successively connect with the input terminal of the input terminal of optical detecting unit, data collector, the output end of data collector is connected by the input terminal of computer and signal generator, and the output end of signal generator is connect with the input terminal of laser pulse generating unit;Laser pulse generating unit includes acousto-optic modulator, the bandpass filter connecting respectively with the input, output end of fiber amplifier EDFA circulator, and the input terminal of acousto-optic modulator is connect with 1550nm narrow linewidth laser and signal generator respectively.In addition a kind of more physical quantity method for sensing of distribution type fiber-optic are provided.Realize sensing while realizing vibration and two kinds of physical quantitys of temperature on same root single mode optical fiber.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor technical field, in particular to the more physical quantity sensor-based systems of a kind of distribution type fiber-optic and side
Method.
Background technique
With the development of economy with the continuous improvement of scientific and technological level, the heavy constructions such as bridge, dam, tunnel, piping lane
More and more emerged in large numbers in various regions.But due to the problem of natural calamity, self structure or caused by other artificial factors
Emergency event occurs repeatedly, and brings huge loss to the security of the lives and property of people.Therefore, to these buildings
Health status, which carries out effectively monitoring, to be particularly important,
Existing method is generally by the multiple physical quantitys for monitoring building, such as temperature, vibration, ess-strain
Variation to reflect the health status of fabric structure indirectly, and dangerous carry out early warning to potential if necessary.Present one
As physical quantity is monitored by sensor, distributed fiberoptic sensor can according to different principles realize different physical quantities
Measurement, such as the temperature sensing based on Raman scattering, vibration, stress sensing based on Rayleigh scattering are based on Brillouin scattering
Stress, strain, temperature sensing etc..But either health monitoring or potential danger monitoring, the distribution of single one physical amount
Fibre optical sensor is not able to satisfy the demand of numerous applications.
In 2002, relevant report disclosed the technology of temperature and strain while measurement, but in the prior art not yet
The method for measuring temperature and vibration simultaneously.Existing temperature, the technology of vibration monitoring more belong to single one physical amount point type or
Distributed fiber optic sensing mode needs the combination of more instruments if realizing distributed vibration, temperature simultaneously measuring.Not only
Higher cost, and use process is complicated.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of more physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic and methods, to solve existing skill
Art measures the problem of temperature and vibration processes complexity simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: in a first aspect, providing a kind of more objects of distribution type fiber-optic
Reason amount sensor-based system, comprising: realize that the laser pulse that the input, output end of unit is separately connected occurs with wavelength-division multiplex respectively
Unit, sensing optic cable, wavelength-division multiplex realize that the output end of unit is also connect with the input terminal of optical detecting unit, optical detecting unit
The connection of the input terminal of output end and data collector, the output end of data collector pass through the input of computer and signal generator
End connection, the output end of signal generator are connect with the input terminal of laser pulse generating unit;
Wherein, the laser pulse generating unit include respectively with the input terminal of fiber amplifier EDFA (11), output
Hold connection acousto-optic modulator, bandpass filter, the input terminal of acousto-optic modulator respectively with 1550nm narrow linewidth laser and
Signal generator connection.
Second aspect provides a kind of more physical quantity method for sensing of distribution type fiber-optic, comprising:
Computer outputs control signals to signal generator and generates modulated signal, signal generator with drive signal generator
The modulated signal of generation is exported to acousto-optic modulator;
The modulation signal that acousto-optic modulator is exported according to signal generator swashs what 1550nm narrow linewidth laser exported
Light pulse is encoded, and is obtained laser sequence pulse and is sent to fiber amplifier EDFA;
Fiber amplifier EDFA amplifies the laser sequence pulse of input, obtains amplified laser sequence pulse simultaneously
It is sent to bandpass filter;
Bandpass filter falls the impulse attenuation of frequency other than expected frequence range, obtains the laser within the scope of expected frequence
Train pulse is simultaneously sent to wavelength-division multiplex realization unit;
Wavelength-division multiplex realization unit carries out coupling processing to the laser sequence pulse within the scope of expected frequence and will be at coupling
Laser pulse after reason is sent to sensing optic cable;
The back-scattering light of sensing optic cable realizes that unit is sent to light detection along optical fiber backtracking and by wavelength-division multiplex
Unit;
Optical detecting unit converts the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable to after electric signal and is sent to meter by optical detecting unit
Calculation machine;
Computer handles received electric signal, obtains vibration and two physical quantitys of temperature.
Compared with prior art, there are following technical effects by the present invention: the present invention uses 1550nm narrow linewidth laser, sound
The combination of optical modulator coding, fiber amplifier EDF circulator, bandpass filter and signal generator, will be based on phase
Sensitive distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology and the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology based on Raman scattering are merged, and are solved
It has determined temperature, vibration while laser compatibling problem when measuring.Select the laser that wavelength is 1550nm as light source, the wave
Long transmission loss in a fiber basically reaches theoretical limit, and the property relative to the common detector of distributing optical fiber sensing
The limit of detector itself can be also nearly reached.Nonlinear effect in optical fiber is able to suppress by said combination mode, is not reduced
Distance sensing under the premise of not changing spatial resolution, allows multiple groups laser pulse in optical fiber simultaneously by way of coded combination
Middle transmission, so that the energy of the laser pulse transmitted in a fiber is indirectly improved, final improvement distributed sensing system
Signal-to-noise ratio.It can be measured while realizing vibration and temperature on same single mode optical fiber.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the more physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is OTDR basic schematic diagram in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of flow diagram of the more physical quantity method for sensing of distribution type fiber-optic in one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment discloses a kind of more physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic, comprising: respectively with wave
Laser pulse generating unit 10, the sensing optic cable 30 for dividing multiplexing to realize that the input, output end of unit 20 is separately connected, wavelength-division is multiple
It is also connect with the input terminal of optical detecting unit 40 with the output end for realizing unit 20, output end and the data of optical detecting unit 40 are adopted
The input terminal of storage 50 connects, and the output end of data collector 50 is connect by computer with the input terminal of signal generator 60,
The output end of signal generator 60 is connect with the input terminal of laser pulse generating unit 10;
Wherein, the laser pulse generating unit 10 include respectively with the input terminal of fiber amplifier EDFA11, output
Hold connection acousto-optic modulator 12, bandpass filter 13, the input terminal of acousto-optic modulator 12 respectively with 1550nm narrow-linewidth laser
Device 14 and signal generator 60 connect.
Wherein, multiple groups laser pulse being generated by laser pulse generating unit 10, multiple groups laser pulse transmits in a fiber,
The intensity of laser pulse can be improved indirectly, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of distributed sensing system output, and then improve distributed sensing
Device performance.
In the present embodiment, it should be noted that the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology based on phase sensitiveIt is all in optical time domain reflection technology OTDR with the distributed optical fiber temperature sensor technology ROTDR based on Raman scattering
On grow up, therefore the two has identical structure on hardware configuration.Wherein the functional block diagram of OTDR technique is such as Fig. 2
It is shown, its working principle is that: the laser that pulsed laser light source issues enters in sensor fibre after being coupled by wavelength division multiplexer, arteries and veins
During transmitting in a fiber scattering phenomenon can occur for impulse light, wherein back-scattering light includes Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering
And the scattering light such as Brillouin scattering along backtracking and again passes by wavelength division multiplexer and enters in detector, detector is by light
Signal is acquired after being converted to electric signal by data collector, and is finally transferred in computer and is processed and displayed.
But for Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, laser exports line width, pulse width and the peak work of laser
Rate is all the important parameter for determining sensor performance.In practical applications, these parameters, which carry out the premise that collocation cooperation uses, is
Non-linear phenomena occurs during avoiding laser from transmitting in a fiber.Due toSystem and ROTDR system are most
Basic difference is the difference of laser light source characteristic,System is it is desirable that super-narrow line width pulse laser, ROTDR
System is it is desirable that higher pulse power, to obtain more Raman scattering photons.Therefore, in the limitation of non-linear threshold
Under, narrow linewidth and high power are the parameters of conflict.
And distributed fiberoptic sensor is as other optical sensors, the noise of performance and detector output signal
Than directly related, therefore, improving signal-to-noise ratio is the necessary means for improving sensor performance.By analysis, the letter of detector output
It makes an uproar more related than with the performance of the transmission loss of the intensity of laser pulse, optical fiber and detector.Wherein, the transmission loss of optical fiber with
And the performance of detector is restricted by device performance itself, then detector can only be improved by changing the intensity of laser pulse
The signal-to-noise ratio of output.The intensity of laser pulse is determined by pulse peak power, pulse width.Due to the laser arteries and veins transmitted in optical fiber
It rushes peak power and is limited and can not infinitely be improved by effectiveness threshold value non-linear in optical fiber, improved when increasing light source pulse width
When detection signal-to-noise ratio, the spatial resolution that will lead to system is reduced, and therefore, how to be improved by improving the intensity of laser pulse
System output signal-to-noise ratio is the problem for needing to solve in the present embodiment.
The method of existing improvement system output signal-to-noise ratio is: realizing letter by way of multi collect signal cumulative mean
It makes an uproar the improvement of ratio.In practical applications, tired by multi collect signal for the sensing of the tempolabile signals such as temperature, ess-strain
Add average mode to improve signal-to-noise ratio to have no problem, but the sensing for vibrating this transition, cumulative mean
Mode can directly reduce the sensing capabilities of sensor.Compared with the above-mentioned existing method for improving signal-to-noise ratio, the present embodiment is used
Laser pulse coding techniques allows multiple groups laser pulse to transmit in a fiber simultaneously by way of coded combination, to indirectly mention
The high intensity of laser pulse, realizes the improvement of system output signal-to-noise ratio.
Further, wavelength-division multiplex realizes that unit 20 includes circulator 21 and wavelength division multiplexer WDM22;
The input, output end of circulator 21 respectively with the output end of bandpass filter 13, wavelength division multiplexer WDM22 it is defeated
Enter end connection, the output end of wavelength division multiplexer WDM22 is connect with sensing optic cable 30.
Further, optical detecting unit 40 includes photodiode 41 and avalanche photodide 42;
The input with the output end of circulator 21, data collector 50 respectively of the input, output end of photodiode 41
End connection;
The input, output end of avalanche photodide 42 is acquired with the output end of wavelength division multiplexer WDM22, data respectively
The input terminal of device 50 connects.
Wherein, the laser sequence pulse that bandpass filter 10 exports is by multiple groups laser pulse according to certain width interval group
At.The back-scattering light that generation is transmitted in laser sequence pulse in a fiber realizes unit 20 along backtracking and by wavelength-division multiplex
It exports to optical detecting unit 40.Specifically, back-scattering light includes the light of three kinds of different wave lengths, respectively 1550nm, 1663nm
And 1451nm.Wherein, circulator 21 is 1550nm to the wavelength of the photodiode PIN41 laser pulse sent, and wavelength-division is multiple
Wavelength with the device WDM22 two groups of laser pulses sent to avalanche photodide APD42 is respectively 1663nm and 1451nm.
As shown in figure 3, including the following steps S1 extremely present embodiment discloses the more physical quantity method for sensing of distribution type fiber-optic
S8:
S1, computer output control signals to signal generator 60 and generate modulated signal, letter with drive signal generator 60
Number generator exports the modulated signal of generation to acousto-optic modulator 12;
The modulation signal that S2, acousto-optic modulator 12 are exported according to signal generator 60 is by 1550nm narrow linewidth laser 14
The laser pulse of output is encoded, and is obtained laser sequence pulse and is sent to fiber amplifier EDFA11;
S3, fiber amplifier EDFA11 amplify the laser sequence pulse of input, obtain amplified laser sequence
Pulse is simultaneously sent to bandpass filter 13;
S4, bandpass filter 13 fall the impulse attenuation of frequency other than expected frequence range, obtain within the scope of expected frequence
Laser sequence pulse and be sent to wavelength-division multiplex realize unit 20;
It should be noted that expected frequence range refers to the frequency range of laser sequence pulse, band logical in the present embodiment
The pulse of frequency other than the frequency range of laser sequence pulse, that is, fiber amplifier EDFA11 is amplified processing by filter 13
When the noise that generates remove.
S5, wavelength-division multiplex realize that unit 20 carries out coupling processing to the laser sequence pulse within the scope of expected frequence and by coupling
Close that treated that laser pulse is sent to sensing optic cable 30;
S6, sensing optic cable 30 back-scattering light along optical fiber backtracking and by wavelength-division multiplex realize unit 20 be sent to
Optical detecting unit 40;
S7, optical detecting unit 40 convert the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable 30 to after electric signal through optical detecting unit 40
It is sent to computer;
S8, computer handle received electric signal, obtain vibration and two physical quantitys of temperature.
It should be noted that the invention thought that the present embodiment discloses scheme protection is to be dissolved into laser pulse coding techniques
In distributed optical fiber vibration and temperature while sensing technology, sensed while two kinds of physical quantitys with realizing.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of more physical quantity sensor-based systems of distribution type fiber-optic characterized by comprising realize unit with wavelength-division multiplex respectively
(20) laser pulse generating unit (10) that input, output end is separately connected, sensing optic cable (30), wavelength-division multiplex are realized single
The output end of first (20) is also connect with the input terminal of optical detecting unit (40), and the output end and data of optical detecting unit (40) acquire
The input terminal of device (50) connects, and the output end of data collector (50) is connected by computer and the input terminal of signal generator (60)
It connects, the output end of signal generator (60) is connect with the input terminal of laser pulse generating unit (10);
Wherein, the laser pulse generating unit (10) include respectively with the input terminal of fiber amplifier EDFA (11), output
Hold connection acousto-optic modulator (12), bandpass filter (13), the input terminal of acousto-optic modulator (12) respectively with the narrow line of 1550nm
Wide laser (14) and signal generator (60) connection;
Wherein, wavelength-division multiplex realizes that unit (20) include circulator (21) and wavelength division multiplexer WDM (22), optical detecting unit (40)
Including photodiode (41) and avalanche photodide (42);
The input, output end of photodiode (41) respectively with the output end of circulator (21), data collector (50) it is defeated
Enter end connection;
The input, output end of avalanche photodide (42) is acquired with the output end of wavelength division multiplexer WDM (22), data respectively
The input terminal of device (50) connects.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the input, output end of the circulator (21) respectively with band
The input terminal connection of the output end, wavelength division multiplexer WDM (22) of bandpass filter (13), the output end of wavelength division multiplexer WDM (22)
It is connect with sensing optic cable (30).
3. a kind of more physical quantity method for sensing of distribution type fiber-optic characterized by comprising
S1, computer output control signals to signal generator (60) and generate modulated signal, letter with drive signal generator (60)
Number generator exports the modulated signal of generation to acousto-optic modulator (12);
The modulation signal that S2, acousto-optic modulator (12) are exported according to signal generator (60) is by 1550nm narrow linewidth laser
(14) laser pulse exported is encoded, and is obtained laser sequence pulse and is sent to fiber amplifier EDFA (11);
S3, fiber amplifier EDFA (11) amplify the laser sequence pulse of input, obtain amplified laser sequence arteries and veins
It rushes and is sent to bandpass filter (13);
S4, bandpass filter (13) fall the impulse attenuation of frequency other than expected frequence range, obtain within the scope of expected frequence
Laser sequence pulse is simultaneously sent to wavelength-division multiplex realization unit (20);
S5, wavelength-division multiplex realize that unit (20) carry out coupling processing to the laser sequence pulse within the scope of expected frequence and will couple
Treated, and laser pulse is sent to sensing optic cable (30);
S6, sensing optic cable (30) back-scattering light along optical fiber backtracking and by wavelength-division multiplex realize unit (20) be sent to
Optical detecting unit (40);
S7, optical detecting unit (40) pass through optical detecting unit after converting electric signal for the back-scattering light of sensing optic cable (30)
(40) it is sent to computer;
S8, computer handle received electric signal, obtain vibration and two physical quantitys of temperature.
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