CN106338308A - Distributed multi-parameter sensing system based on ultra-short fiber Bragg grating array - Google Patents
Distributed multi-parameter sensing system based on ultra-short fiber Bragg grating array Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed multi-parameter sensing system based on an ultra-short fiber Bragg grating array. The system comprises a scanning laser light source, a modulation amplifier unit, a circulator, an ultra-short fiber grating array, a matching interferometer, a reflected light detection unit, and a signal processing unit. The beneficial effects are as follows: a distributed multi-parameter sensing system based on an ultra-short fiber Bragg grating array is provided, an ultra-short fiber Bragg grating array US-wFBG is introduced, and the problem that static physical quantities cannot be measured through traditional interferometric distributed sensing is solved. The sensing system combines the advantages of optical coherent detection and wavelength detection, and realizes measurement of distributed disturbance and measurement of quasi-distributed static quantities such as temperature and strain signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sensing technologies, more particularly, to a kind of distributed multi-parameter based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
Sensor-based system.
Background technology
Distributed measurement is the unique advantage of Fibre Optical Sensor, it using optical fiber as sensing and transmission medium, using in optical fiber
Various optical effects, such as Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, Raman scattering etc., carry out each point to spatially continuous distributed
The physical quantitys such as temperature, strain are continuously measured.
According to the difference of sensing mode, distributing optical fiber sensing can be divided into two classes: a class is (main based on light scattering
Be fiber raman scattering and optical fiber Brillouin scattering) sensing, another kind of be based on the interference of light (predominantly the Rayleigh scattering interference of light,
Sagnac interferes, mach-zehnder interferes etc.) sensing of effect.
It is used to measure static state/quasistatic physical quantity based on the distributed sensing of light scattering.Such as Raman optical time domain reflection
Technology (r-otdr) carries out distributed measurement to the temperature in sensor fibre；Brillouin light time domain reflection technology (b-otdr) can be right
Strain in sensor fibre and two physical quantitys of temperature carry out distributed measurement, but such sensing technology needs to Brillouin scattering
Multiple radio-frequency components of spectrum are scanned and take multiple measurements being averaging, and for more than 10 kilometers sensor fibres, complete one
The time that secondary measurement needs is typically in minute magnitude it is difficult to realize quickly measuring on a large scale.
It is used to measure dynamic physical amount based on the distributed sensing of the interference of light.For example phase sensitive optical time domain reflection (φ-
) etc. otdr the distributed sensing technology based on optical interference effect mainly using be light wave in optical fiber phase information, to quick
The signal of change is very sensitive, but helpless to quasi-static strain or temperature survey.
In many applications, often need with measuring multiple dynamic and static physical quantitys simultaneously.For example, in oil
Work field, distributed vertical seismic profile (vsp) data acquisition, the peace of long distance oil-gas pipeline in well seismic measuring, well
Entirely and in leakage monitoring, it is widely applied based on the optical fiber distributed type sonic detection technology of φ-otdr.But, these should
With in, generally also to measure the static state such as downhole temperature, down-hole pressure, pipeline pressure/quasistatic parameter it is necessary to other cloth simultaneously
If sensors such as temperature, pressure.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for can not measure dynamic and static physical amount in prior art simultaneously
Defect, a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing system based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array is provided.
A kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing system based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array, this system includes:
Scanning laser light source, is used for carrying out length scanning；
Modulation amplifying unit, connects described scanning laser light source, and the laser for sending described scanning laser light source is adjusted
Make light pulse and by Optical pulse amplification；
Circulator, including first port, second port and the 3rd port, described first port connects described modulation and amplifies list
Unit；
Ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array, connects described second port, for receive the transmission of described second port light pulse simultaneously
Produce reflection light pulse；
Coupling interferometer, connects described 3rd port by the first coupler and the second coupler, for described ultrashort
The reflection light pulse of the adjacent ultrashort fiber grating of optical fiber optical grating array carries out interferometric demodulation and obtains the interference of reflection light pulse
Signal；
Reflection optical detecting unit, connects described 3rd port by described first coupler and described second coupler, uses
It is converted into electric signal in the reflection light pulse detecting described 3rd port transmission and by reflection light pulse；
Signal processing unit, connects described reflection optical detecting unit, for processing what described reflection optical detecting unit sent
Electric signal, obtains testing result.
Distributed Multi-parameter sensing system of the present invention, described coupling interferometer is Michelson's interferometer.
Distributed Multi-parameter sensing system of the present invention, each ultrashort optical fiber light of described ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
The length of grid is hundred micron orders.
Distributed Multi-parameter sensing system of the present invention, described modulation amplifying unit includes:
Intensity modulator, connects described scanning laser light source, for the Laser Modulation sending described scanning laser light source
Become light pulse；
Impulse type erbium-doped fiber amplifier, connects described intensity modulator and described circulator, for adjusting described intensity
The Optical pulse amplification that device processed sends.
Distributed Multi-parameter sensing system of the present invention, described reflection optical detecting unit includes:
High speed photodetector, connects described 3rd port by described first coupler and described second coupler, is used for
Detect the reflection light pulse of described 3rd port transmission and reflection light pulse is converted into electric signal；
Signal pickup assembly, connects described high speed photodetector and described signal processing unit, for gathering described high speed
The electric signal of photo-detector conversion.
Distributed Multi-parameter sensing system of the present invention, described signal processing unit includes:
Fpga module, connects described signal pickup assembly, for producing trigger, trigger harvester enters line number
According to collection；
Signal processing module, connects described fpga module, arrives for the data transfer that will receive inside fpga module and believes
Number processing module is processed.
Distributed Multi-parameter sensing system of the present invention, described first coupler is 2 × 2 couplers, described second
Coupler is 3 × 3 couplers.
The present invention also provides a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing method based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array, the method bag
Include:
S1, carry out length scanning by scanning laser light source, obtain each fiber grating of ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
Spectrum；
S2, the spectrum according to each fiber grating, obtain the centre wavelength of each fiber grating；
S3, detect each fiber grating centre wavelength change information, obtain the static state of each fiber grating or accurate quiet
State physical quantity information.
Distributed Multi-parameter sensing method of the present invention, the method also includes:
A1, the grating space that ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array is set, grating length and centre wavelength, the week of setting modulation pulse
Phase and sample frequency；
A2, the Laser Modulation sending scanning laser light source become light pulse；
A3, light pulse is amplified；
A4, by amplify after optical pulse propagation enter this ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array and produce reflection light pulse；
A5, interferometric demodulation is carried out to this reflection light pulse and obtains the interference signal of reflection light pulse；
A6, the change information of the interference signal of detection reflection light pulse, obtain each two of this ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
The phase place change information of fiber segment between fiber grating；
A7, record the vibration information of fiber grating according to this phase place change information.
The beneficial effect comprise that: a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array is provided
System, introduces ultrashort fiber grating (us-wfbg) array, on the one hand can be by mating the adjacent ultrashort optical fiber light of interferometer measurement
The interference of grid, realizes highly sensitive distributed Disturbance Detection, the Rayleigh scattering interference of light adopting compared to φ-otdr, us-wfbg's
Reflectivity has exceeded about 2 orders of magnitude, has higher signal to noise ratio；On the other hand can be by measuring the middle cardiac wave of us-wfbg
Long change, it is possible to obtain the quasistatic physical quantity such as temperature at each stop position, strain, solves conventional interference type distributed
Sensing cannot measure the problem of static physical amount.This sensor-based system combines light and is concerned with detection and the advantage of wavelength detecting, simultaneously
Realize the measurement of distributed disturbance measurement and the static amount such as quasi-distributed temperature, strain signal.
Brief description
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a kind of knot of distributed Multi-parameter sensing system based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array of the embodiment of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array reflected light signal time-domain diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the asynchronous bandwidth simulation drawing of ultrashort optical fiber grating length of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is 3 × 3 coupler detection algorithm flow charts of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 be a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing system based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array of the embodiment of the present invention not
The test result figure of same frequency signal.
Fig. 6 be a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing system based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array of the embodiment of the present invention not
The test result figure of same frequency signal.
Fig. 7 is that a kind of of the embodiment of the present invention surveys based in the distributed Multi-parameter sensing method of ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
The schematic flow sheet of amount static physical amount method.
Fig. 8 is that a kind of of the embodiment of the present invention surveys based in the distributed Multi-parameter sensing method of ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
The schematic flow sheet of amount dynamic physical amount method.
1st, scanning laser light source, 2, modulation amplifying unit, 3, circulator, 4, ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array, 5, coupling interferes
Instrument, 6, reflection optical detecting unit, 7, signal processing unit, 8,2 × 2 couplers, 9,3 × 3 couplers.
Specific embodiment
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 1, a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing system based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
System includes:
Scanning laser light source 1, is used for carrying out length scanning；
Modulation amplifying unit 2, connects scanning laser light source 1, for Laser Modulation Cheng Guang sending scanning laser light source 1
Pulse by Optical pulse amplification；
Circulator 3, including first port, second port and the 3rd port, first port connects modulation amplifying unit 2；
Ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4, connects second port, for receiving the light pulse of second port transmission and producing reflection
Light pulse；
Coupling interferometer 5, connects the 3rd port by the first coupler 8 and the second coupler 9, for ultrashort optical fiber light
The reflection light pulse of the adjacent ultrashort fiber grating of grid array 4 carries out interferometric demodulation and obtains the interference signal of reflection light pulse；
The arm of adjustment coupling interferometer 5 is poor, makes arm difference coupling adjacent gratings spacing, and the reflected light of previous grating is passed through
The reflected light joining the interferometer 5 long-armed rear time and a rear grating reaching receiving terminal reaches after overmatching interferometer 5 galianconism
The time of receiving terminal overlaps, and forms the interference of two light pulses.As shown in Fig. 2 setting pulse width and cycle, then each light
After pulse signal enters ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4, n+1 light pulse will be received in receiving terminal, middle n-1 marked
The signal of shade is the interference signal between adjacent fiber grating, and wherein n is grating number.Each of coupling interferometer 5 acquisition
The light intensity of interference signal is:
|e|2≈r{2+cos[2β(l-lr)],
R is the reflectivity of ultrashort fiber grating, β=2 π n/ λs, n and λ the s respectively refractive index of fiber grating and middle cardiac wave
Long, l is the spacing of adjacent ultrashort fiber grating, and lr is that the arm of coupling interferometer is poor.
Reflection optical detecting unit 6, connects the 3rd port by the first coupler 8 and the second coupler 9, for detection the 3rd
Reflection light pulse is simultaneously converted into electric signal by the reflection light pulse of port transmission；
Signal processing unit 7, connects reflection optical detecting unit 6, for processing the telecommunications that reflection optical detecting unit 6 sends
Number, obtain testing result.
In the embodiment of the present invention, coupling interferometer 5 is Michelson's interferometer.
Michelson's interferometer is to produce dual-beam using divide amplitude to realize interfering.By adjusting this interferometer,
Equal thick interference fringe can be produced it is also possible to produce equal inclination fringe.It is mainly used in the measurement of length and refractive index.Mikey
The principle of the inferior interferometer of ear is each to be reflected by corresponding level crossing after a branch of incident light is divided into two bundles, this two-beam thus
Can interfere.In interference, the different light paths of two-beam can be by adjusting the refractive index interfered arm lengths and change medium
To realize such that it is able to form different interference patterns.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the length of each ultrashort fiber grating of ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4 is hundred micron orders.
In above-described embodiment, us-wfbg (ultrashort fiber grating) array 4 includes multigroup us-wfbg, the length of us-wfbg
For hundred micron orders, reflection width is nanoscale.
The zero point bandwidth δ λ of fbg (fiber grating) is:
Wherein, l, △ n, n, λ b is respectively length, refractive index modulation depth, effective refractive index and the centre wavelength of fbg.By
Above formula can obtain, and when the length of fiber grating is shorter, reflection width is wider.
The peak reflectivity of fiber grating is:
rmax=tanh2(kl),
Wherein, h is constant, and k is the coefficient of coup, is also a constant.As available from the above equation, fiber grating length is shorter, instead
Penetrate rate lower.
As shown in figure 3, the bandwidth of fiber grating and grating length are inversely proportional to, when grating length more in short-term, bandwidth is wider, but
It is that peak reflectivity is lower, side lobe effect increases simultaneously.Therefore the ultrashort optical fiber grating length selected can not be too short, in hundreds of micron
In the range of be then just met for bandwidth and the reflectivity requirements of sensor-based system of the present invention.
The length of ordinary optic fibre grating is about 1 millimeter, and reflection bandwidth is about 0.2 nanometer.The us-wfbg's that the present invention uses
Length is about 500 microns, and reflection bandwidth is about 3 nanometers.
Fiber grating length in the present invention is shorter than common fiber grating length, therefore its reflection bandwidth is also than general
Fiber grating will width.The increase of the reflection bandwidth of fiber grating, can improve the coherent interference of two-beam, thus effectively prevent
The visibility of interference fringes that spectral mismatch leads to declines problem.
In the embodiment of the present invention, modulation amplifying unit 2 includes:
Intensity modulator 21, connects scanning laser light source 1, and the Laser Modulation for sending scanning laser light source becomes light arteries and veins
Punching；
Impulse type erbium-doped fiber amplifier 22, bonding strength modulator 21 and circulator 3, for by intensity modulator 21
The Optical pulse amplification sending.
In the embodiment of the present invention, reflection optical detecting unit 6 includes:
High speed photodetector 61, by the first coupler 8 and the 3rd port described in the second coupler 9, for detection the 3rd
Reflection light pulse is simultaneously converted into electric signal by the reflection light pulse of port transmission；
Signal pickup assembly 62, connects high speed photodetector 61 and signal processing unit 7, for gathering high speed photodetector
The electric signal of 61 conversions.
In the embodiment of the present invention, signal processing unit 7 includes:
Fpga module 71, connects signal pickup assembly 62, for producing trigger, trigger harvester enters line number
According to collection；
Signal processing module 72, connects fpga module 71, arrives for the data transfer that will receive inside fpga module and believes
Number processing module is processed.
Fpga (field-programmable gate array), i.e. field programmable gate array, it be pal,
The product developing further on the basis of the programming devices such as gal, cpld.It is as in special IC (asic) field
A kind of semi-custom circuit and occur, both solved the deficiency of custom circuit, overcome original programming device gate circuit again
The limited shortcoming of number.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first coupler 8 is 2 × 2 couplers, and the second coupler 9 is 3 × 3 couplers.
In above-described embodiment, as shown in figure 4, being 3 × 3 coupler detection algorithm flow processs, this programme is using coupling interferometer 5
Mutually differ the characteristic of 2 π/3 phase places in 3 × 3 coupler three-polar output signals, phase place be can get by differential multiplication cross computing
Information, thus extract measured signal.
As shown in figure 1, the 3 of high speed photodetector 61 detectors separately detect 3 reflection output letters of 3 × 3 couplers
Number.Three output signals of the 3 of 3 × 3 couplers are from 3 port outputs of 2,3 ports of coupler and circulator.Its output signal
Can be expressed as:
Wherein, k (k=1,2,3) represents light path output sequence number, and d represents the mean value of output intensity, i0For interference fringe
Peak strength；Wherein φ (t) represents phase signal, and ψ (t) represents the phase place that external disturbance causes
Difference, is interference signal, can be output as by algorithmψ (t) is drawn by ambient noise
Rising, generally low frequency signal, being filtered by high-pass filter, thus obtaining measured signalVout is three road letters
Output signal number through algorithm process Hou mono- tunnel.
The present invention also provides a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing method based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array, as shown in fig. 7,
The method includes:
S1, carry out length scanning by scanning laser light source 1, obtain each fiber grating of ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4
Spectrum；
S2, the spectrum according to each fiber grating, obtain the centre wavelength of each fiber grating；
S3, detect each fiber grating centre wavelength change information, obtain the static state of each fiber grating or accurate quiet
State physical quantity information.
In above-described embodiment, the 3rd output port of 3 × 3 couplers connects high speed photodetector 61, when scanning laser light
When source 1 carries out length scanning, the spectrum that us-wfbg reflects is after the output end of 3 × 3 couplers by high speed photodetector
61 receptions, are obtained the measurement signal of photo-detector, can recover the spectrum of each us-wfbg, root by high-speed data acquisition
Obtain the centre wavelength of each grating in ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4 according to spectrum, thus it is static or accurate quiet to record temperature, strain etc.
State physical quantity, solves the problems, such as that conventional interference type distributed sensing cannot measure static physical amount.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 8, the method also includes:
A1, the grating space that ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4 is set, grating length and centre wavelength, setting modulation pulse
Cycle and sample frequency；
A2, the Laser Modulation sending scanning laser light source 1 become light pulse；
A3, light pulse is amplified；
A4, by amplify after optical pulse propagation enter this ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4 and produce reflection light pulse；
A5, interferometric demodulation is carried out to this reflection light pulse and obtains the interference signal of reflection light pulse；
A6, the change information of the interference signal of detection reflection light pulse, obtain each two of this ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4
The phase place change information of fiber segment between fiber grating；
A7, record the vibration information of fiber grating according to this phase place change information.
In one specific embodiment of the present invention, the grating space arranging ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array 4 is 5m, grating length
Being 500 μm is 1550.6nm with centre wavelength, determines that modulation pulse is 10ns and sample rate is 5khz, selects the relevant solution of coupling
Adjust instrument to carry out interferometric demodulation to two optical grating reflection pulse signals, the fiber section in the middle of two gratings is wrapped in piezoelectric ceramics
(pzt) on, by pzt, on the optical fiber between two gratings, applied voltage amplitude is+10v, and frequency is respectively 20hz and 40hz,
Vibration signal respectively as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, can clearly tell the vibration signal of faint different frequency in receiving terminal,
There is good frequency response characteristic.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or be converted,
And all these modifications and variations all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing system based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array is it is characterised in that this system includes:
Scanning laser light source, is used for carrying out length scanning；
Modulation amplifying unit, connects described scanning laser light source, and the Laser Modulation for sending described scanning laser light source becomes
Light pulse by Optical pulse amplification；
Circulator, including first port, second port and the 3rd port, described first port connects described modulation amplifying unit；
Ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array, connects described second port, for receiving the light pulse of described second port transmission and producing
Reflection light pulse；
Coupling interferometer, connects described 3rd port by the first coupler and the second coupler, for described ultrashort optical fiber
The reflection light pulse of the adjacent ultrashort fiber grating of grating array carries out interferometric demodulation and obtains the interference signal of reflection light pulse；
Reflection optical detecting unit, connects described 3rd port by described first coupler and described second coupler, for examining
Survey the reflection light pulse of described 3rd port transmission and reflection light pulse is converted into electric signal；
Signal processing unit, connects described reflection optical detecting unit, for processing the telecommunications that described reflection optical detecting unit sends
Number, obtain testing result.
2. as claimed in claim 1 distributed Multi-parameter sensing system it is characterised in that described coupling interferometer be Michael
Inferior interferometer.
3. as claimed in claim 1 distributed Multi-parameter sensing system it is characterised in that described ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
The length of each ultrashort fiber grating is hundred micron orders.
4. as claimed in claim 1 distributed Multi-parameter sensing system it is characterised in that described modulation amplifying unit includes:
Intensity modulator, connects described scanning laser light source, for Laser Modulation Cheng Guang sending described scanning laser light source
Pulse；
Impulse type erbium-doped fiber amplifier, connects described intensity modulator and described circulator, for by described intensity modulator
The Optical pulse amplification sending.
5. as claimed in claim 1 distributed Multi-parameter sensing system it is characterised in that described reflection optical detecting unit bag
Include:
High speed photodetector, connects described 3rd port by described first coupler and described second coupler, for detecting
Reflection light pulse is simultaneously converted into electric signal by the reflection light pulse of described 3rd port transmission；
Signal pickup assembly, connects described high speed photodetector and described signal processing unit, visits for gathering described high-speed light
Survey the electric signal of device conversion.
6. as claimed in claim 1 distributed Multi-parameter sensing system it is characterised in that described signal processing unit includes:
Fpga module, connects described signal pickup assembly, for producing trigger, carries out data with trigger harvester
Collection；
Signal processing module, connects described fpga module, for processing the data receiving from fpga module.
7. as claimed in claim 1 distributed Multi-parameter sensing system it is characterised in that described first coupler be 2 × 2 couplings
Clutch, described second coupler is 3 × 3 couplers.
8. a kind of distributed Multi-parameter sensing method based on ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array is it is characterised in that the method includes:
S1, carry out length scanning by scanning laser light source, obtain the spectrum of each fiber grating of ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array；
S2, the spectrum according to each fiber grating, obtain the centre wavelength of each fiber grating；
S3, detect each fiber grating centre wavelength change information, obtain static state or the quasistatic thing of each fiber grating
Reason amount information.
9. as claimed in claim 8 distributed Multi-parameter sensing method it is characterised in that the method also includes:
A1, the grating space of ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array, grating length and centre wavelength are set, the cycle of setting modulation pulse and
Sample frequency；
A2, the Laser Modulation sending scanning laser light source become light pulse；
A3, light pulse is amplified；
A4, by amplify after optical pulse propagation enter this ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array and produce reflection light pulse；
A5, interferometric demodulation is carried out to this reflection light pulse and obtains the interference signal of reflection light pulse；
A6, the change information of the interference signal of detection reflection light pulse, obtain each two optical fiber of this ultrashort optical fiber optical grating array
The phase place change information of fiber segment between grating；
A7, record the vibration information of fiber grating according to this phase place change information.
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