CN107917675A - A kind of strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area - Google Patents
A kind of strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area Download PDFInfo
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- CN107917675A CN107917675A CN201711464497.2A CN201711464497A CN107917675A CN 107917675 A CN107917675 A CN 107917675A CN 201711464497 A CN201711464497 A CN 201711464497A CN 107917675 A CN107917675 A CN 107917675A
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- fiber grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area, including frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser, circulator, ultrashort fiber grating and photodiode；One end of the circulator is connected with one end of frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser, and the other end of circulator passes through ultrashort fiber grating；The photodiode is used for receiving returns reflected optical power of the laser beam after circulator through ultrashort optical fiber optical grating reflection；The frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser is 8164A tunable laser sources；Peak power output is 8dBm, and laser linewidth is less than 5pm, and wavelength stability is less than 1pm；The strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area, the luminous power reflected by frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser outgoing laser beam through ultrashort optical fiber grating edge linear zone are demodulated, and are had the advantages that simple in structure, low in energy consumption；Using ultrashort fiber grating as sensing element, grid region length length can be avoided, the problem of chirp is produced in encapsulation process, and can realize that high spatial resolution measures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fiber grating sensing technology field, is specially a kind of strain based on ultrashort FBG linears area
Sensor-based system.
Background technology
Fiber Bragg Grating FBG (FBG) sensing technology has electromagnetism interference, to quilt because it is by the way of Wavelength-encoding
Measurement interference is small, is easy to be embedded to the advantages of engineering structure etc. is better than conventional electrical sensor, becomes sensory field of optic fibre in recent years
A big research hotspot.And it is widely used in the fields such as biomedical, flight control, structure monitoring, deep-sea perception.
In order to ensure relatively narrow reflectance spectrum (being generally less than 0.2nm), grating length generally needs generic homogeneous fiber grating
Reach centimetres.For the demodulation method of traditional wavelength detection, this narrow linewidth spectral characteristic of fiber grating is non-
It is often important, help to realize high measurement resolution ratio and measuring speed.The measurement that ordinary optic fibre grating is used for non homogen field has office
It is sex-limited, this is because long grid region can cause spectrum to distort, so as to influence measurement accuracy.In addition, in encapsulation process, grating
Long also easy generation chirp.
The grid region length of ultrashort fiber grating (Ultra Short FBG, ultrashort fiber grating) only has hundreds of or even only has
Tens microns.Therefore, ultrashort fiber grating can fundamentally solve the problems, such as the measurement and encapsulation of above-mentioned non homogen field, more important
, the sensor-based system based on ultrashort fiber grating also increases significantly in terms of power budget and sensing function.Ultrashort laser
The system of writing of fine grating is similar to common uniform fiber grating, by placing adjustable slit between phase mask plate and leading to
Crossing adjustment slit can be easy to control the length of fiber grating, have higher cost benefit and write efficiency processed.
It is use the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator based on diffraction grating and line array CCD to optical fiber light in practical engineering application more
Lattice wave length is demodulated, fast with demodulation speed, the high unique advantage of integrated level.As most demodulation methods, (FBG) demodulator according to
Rely the narrow linewidth in fiber grating, and resolution ratio is limited be subject to diffraction grating resolution ratio.It is ultrashort since grid region length is shorter
The reflection spectral width of fiber grating can be several or tens nanometers, and this spectral characteristic is brought to the demodulation of ultrashort fiber grating
Difficulty, so as to limit application of the ultrashort fiber grating in sensory field.And with actual application environment variation and complexity
Change, the demodulating system of (FBG) demodulator structure can not meet requirement of the application environment to the weight of system, volume, power consumption.Therefore, look for
To a kind of suitable for ultrashort fiber grating sensing system and the relatively low demodulation method of power consumption, there is important scientific research and reality
Application value.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve traditional fiber grating because grid region is longer, be not suitable in gradient field measurement and encapsulation process
A kind of the problem of being also easy to produce chirp, there is provided sensing demodulating system based on ultrashort optical fiber grating spectrum linear zone.The system knot
Structure is simple, low in energy consumption, has higher space measurement resolution ratio.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs：One kind is based on ultrashort FBG linears
The strain sensing system in area, including frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser, circulator, ultrashort fiber grating and photodiode；The circulator
One end is connected with one end of frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser, and the other end of circulator passes through ultrashort fiber grating；The photodiode is used
Return reflected optical power of the laser beam after circulator through ultrashort optical fiber optical grating reflection to receive.
As present invention further optimization technical solution, the frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser is 8164A tunable laser sources；It is maximum
Output power is 8dBm, and laser linewidth is less than 5pm, and wavelength stability is less than 1pm.
As present invention further optimization technical solution, the ultrashort fiber grating is the highly doped germanium light of HI1060FLEX
Fine grating.
As present invention further optimization technical solution, the laser beam that the frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser is sent passes through ultrashort optical fiber
Reflected optical power signal after grating can be expressed as：
Wherein, R (λ-λB) and S (λ-λB) it is the luminous power function of laser and the reflection spectral function of ultrashort fiber grating respectively.
It is in due to frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser in the environment of stabilization, its spectral function can be regarded to a stable constant as, then reflected light
Power function can be expressed as
It can be seen that, the power of the sensor-based system is only related with the reflectance spectrum of ultrashort fiber grating from formula (2).When tested
When parameter changes, the centre wavelength of ultrashort fiber grating changes with parameter to be measured and drift occurs, so that through grating side
The laser optical power beam that edge reflects changes.Therefore, it can be realized based on this principle and strain and the effective of temperature are surveyed
Amount.
Beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area.Possess following
Beneficial effect：
The strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area, by frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser outgoing laser beam through ultrashort
The luminous power that fiber grating edge linear zone reflects is demodulated, and is had the advantages that simple in structure, low in energy consumption；Using ultrashort
Fiber grating can avoid grid region length length, the problem of chirp be produced in encapsulation process, and can realize high-altitude as sensing element
Between resolution measurement, highly practical, use easy to spread.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical grating reflection spectrogram of the different grid region length of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the optical grating reflection spectrogram of the different refractivity modulation depth of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the fiber grating sensing demodulation principle schematic figure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg figure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 be the present invention it is differently strained under ultrashort optical fiber optical grating reflection spectrogram；
Fig. 6 is the luminous power and amount of deflection graph of relation of the present invention.
In figure：1- frequency stabilized carbon dioxide lasers, 2- circulators, the ultrashort fiber gratings of 3-, 4- photodiodes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without making creative work
Embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
- 6 are please referred to Fig.1, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution：The present invention is to solve traditional fiber grating because of grid region
It is longer, the problem of not being suitable for being also easy to produce chirp in gradient field measurement and encapsulation process, there is provided one kind is based on ultrashort optical fiber light
The sensing demodulating system of grating spectrum linear zone.The system structure is simple, low in energy consumption, has higher space measurement resolution ratio.
Define reflectance spectrum width Delta λ0For the spacing of peak wavelength both sides zero point, according to coupled mode theory, its wavelength
Relative value is
Wherein,It is mean refractive index change, υ is index modulation clarity.λdIt isFoveal reflex ripple
Long, L is grating length.For dim light grid,Have
Visible reflectance spectra bandwidth is inversely proportional with grating length；For strong grating,Have
At this time, reflectance spectrum width is directly proportional to refractive index modulation depth.
Relation between the grid region length and modulation depth of bandwidth and bragg grating to grating emulates,
Obtain different grid region length and the spectrogram under modulation depth.
Fig. 1 is 8 × 10-4Under refractive index modulation depth, the optical grating reflection spectrum of different grid region length.Observation spectrogram can be sent out
Existing, with the increase of length, fiber grating edge becomes more precipitous, and reflectance spectrum width becomes narrow gradually.Fig. 2 is 0.5mm grid
Under section length, the optical grating reflection spectrum of different refractivity modulation depth.When grating length is constant, reflectance spectrum width is with refractive index
The increase of modulation depth and increase.In conclusion in order to realize the maximization of the edge range of linearity of fiber grating, take into account at the same time
Reflectivity, can be realized by reducing grid region length and improving refractive index modulation depth；It is 0.5mm, reflects from grid region length
Rate modulation depth is 8 × 10-4Fiber grating reflection spectrum see respectively there is one section of linear region in its reflection peak both sides,
Using the linear zone linear demodulation can be carried out to sensor-based system.
Frequency stabilization optical fiber laser possesses line width, high stability, high integration and high-output power performance, its three dB bandwidth
Only 0.02nm or so, much smaller than the reflection spectral width of ultrashort fiber grating.
A kind of strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area, including it is frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser 1, circulator 2, ultrashort
Fiber grating 3 and photodiode 4；One end of the circulator 2 is connected with one end of frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser 1, and circulator 2
The other end passes through ultrashort fiber grating 3；The photodiode 4 is used for receiving reflecting laser beam through ultrashort fiber grating 3
Reflected optical power after circulator.
The frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser 1 is that frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser is Agilent 8164A tunable laser sources.Peak power output is
8dBm, laser linewidth are less than 5pm, and wavelength stability is less than 1pm.Internal power stability fluctuation in one minute is less than 1%.Use power
Meter monitors the luminous power reflected instead of PD, and power is calculated as the 2936-C of Newport companies.
The method that the preparation of ultrashort fiber grating uses excimer laser uv-exposure under phase mask plate.Commercial mask
Plate mask section length is generally 10mm, it is therefore desirable to broad-adjustable diaphragm is placed before mask plate, it is wide by adjusting diaphragm
Size is spent to realize that the ultrashort fiber grating of different grid region length writes system.Pass through above-mentioned emulation, it is ensured that grid region length compared with
Certain reflectivity is realized in the case of short, it is necessary to improve refractive index modulation depth as far as possible, this light sensitivity to optical fiber proposes
Higher requirement.By being tested to a variety of optical fiber, HI1060FLEX high germnium doped fibers are finally employed.It is photosensitive to improve
Property, put it into before inscribing in low temperature, high ballast hydrogen tank and carry out carrying hydrogen processing, duration 2 weeks.After the completion of inscription, anneal 24h.
Found in scribing process, the energy density of excimer laser cannot be excessive, and excessive energy density can produce substantial amounts of heat, heat
Hydrogen in optical fiber is evicted out of into optical fiber, reduces the light sensitivity of optical fiber, so as to cause the reduction of refractive index modulation depth.But energy
Metric density can not be too low, increase otherwise is inscribed the time, and increase erasable possibility.
The strain sensing of sensor-based system spy is verified using the triangle beam of uniform strength of magnesium alloy 7075-T6 materials
Property.The beam of uniform strength thickness 2mm, centerline length 28mm.Bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings grid region length is less than 0.5mm, and centre wavelength is
1550.84nm, three dB bandwidth 2.5nm, linear region are more than 1nm.To ensure that laser beam just falls at the edge of fiber grating
The range of linearity, sets laser output wavelength 1549.9nm, output power 5dBm.Fiber grating is pasted onto beam of uniform strength upper table
On the center line in face, alcohol wipe is clean after the polishing of paste position surface sand paper, is fixed both ends with adhesive tape.Use epoxy resin
DP420 by fiber grating cover paste, and at room temperature cure 24 it is small when.Carried out by the free end of differential head equivalent intensities beam
Loading, the amount of deflection scope that differential head controls is 0~25mm；As shown in Figure 5.
Bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings Surface Mount on the beam of uniform strength after the completion of curing, and at room temperature, the loading of equivalent intensities beam, applying should
Become.Fig. 4 be it is differently strained in loading procedure under US-FBG reflectance spectrums.
See the increase with amount of deflection from figure, spectrum is often advanced 1mm to shortwave length direction drift differential head, record from
The luminous power that US-FBG is reflected back.Good linear relationship is presented with beam of uniform strength amount of deflection for luminous power, as shown in Figure 6；
Experimental data is fitted using least square method, fitting result is：P=1.09183x+11.45983, linearly
Degree reaches 0.997 above according to the cantilever beam flexure theory in the mechanics of materials, its surface strain and freedom when the beam of uniform strength is bent
Hold the relation of amount of deflection can be by ε=Fh/l2Represent, wherein F is the amount of deflection of beam end (applying active force P).It can be obtained through conversion, should
Sensibility variable coefficient is 1.34pm/ ε and 54.59nW/ ε.
As shown in Figure 3；Reflected optical power of the laser beam that the frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser 1 is sent after ultrashort fiber grating 3
Signal can be expressed as：
Wherein, R (λ-λB) and S (λ-λB) it is the luminous power function of laser and the reflection spectral function of ultrashort fiber grating respectively.
It is in due to frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser in the environment of stabilization, its spectral function can be regarded to a stable constant as, then reflected light
Power function can be expressed as
It can be seen that, the power of the sensor-based system is only related with the reflectance spectrum of ultrashort fiber grating from formula (2).When tested
When parameter changes, the centre wavelength of ultrashort fiber grating changes with parameter to be measured and drift occurs, so that through grating side
The laser optical power beam that edge reflects changes.Therefore, it can be realized based on this principle and strain and the effective of temperature are surveyed
Amount.
It should be noted that herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any this actual relation or order.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only will including those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include as this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic key element.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
Understanding without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention can carry out these embodiments a variety of changes, modification, replace
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area, it is characterised in that：Including frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser (1), ring Shape device (2), ultrashort fiber grating (3) and photodiode (4)；One end of the circulator (2) and the one of frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser (1) End is connected, and the other end of circulator (2) passes through ultrashort fiber grating (3)；The photodiode (4) is used for receiving through ultrashort Fiber grating (3) reflects reflected optical power of the laser beam after circulator.
- A kind of 2. strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： The frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser (1) is 8164A tunable laser sources；Peak power output is 8dBm, and laser linewidth is less than 5pm, wavelength Stability is less than 1pm.
- A kind of 3. strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： The ultrashort fiber grating (3) is the highly doped germanium fiber gratings of HI1060FLEX.
- A kind of 4. strain sensing system based on ultrashort FBG linears area according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： Reflected optical power signal of the laser beam that the frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser (1) sends after ultrashort fiber grating (3) can be expressed as：<mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>&infin;</mi> </munderover> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>Wherein, R (λ-λB) and S (λ-λB) it is the luminous power function of laser and the reflection spectral function of ultrashort fiber grating respectively, due to Frequency stabilized carbon dioxide laser is in stable environment, its spectral function can be regarded to a stable constant as, then reflected optical power Function can be expressed as<mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <munderover> <mo>&Integral;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>&infin;</mi> </munderover> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mo>&ap;</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>When tested parameter changes, the centre wavelength of ultrashort fiber grating changes with parameter to be measured and drift occurs, so that The laser optical power beam for making to reflect through grating edge changes.
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