CN108534910A - A kind of distributed dual sampling method based on Asymmetric Twin-Core Fiber - Google Patents
A kind of distributed dual sampling method based on Asymmetric Twin-Core Fiber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于非对称双芯光纤的分布式双参量传感方法。本发明包括脉冲激光器、非对称双芯光纤，其中非对称双芯光纤的一个纤芯为多模光纤纤芯，另外一个纤芯为单模光纤纤芯；单频窄线宽激光器；电光调制器和数据处理中心。本发明利用非对称双芯光纤中的多模纤芯适合后向拉曼散射光的传播而单模纤芯适合后向瑞利散射传播的特点，实现分布式温度和振动双参量的传感，具有结构简单可操作性强等特点。
The invention discloses a distributed double-parameter sensing method based on an asymmetric double-core optical fiber. The invention includes a pulse laser, an asymmetric double-core fiber, wherein one core of the asymmetric double-core fiber is a multimode fiber core, and the other core is a single-mode fiber core; a single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser; an electro-optical modulator and data processing center. The present invention utilizes the characteristics that the multimode fiber core in the asymmetric dual-core optical fiber is suitable for the propagation of backward Raman scattered light and the single-mode fiber core is suitable for the propagation of backward Rayleigh scattering, to realize the sensing of distributed temperature and vibration dual parameters, It has the characteristics of simple structure and strong operability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光纤传感领域，涉及了一种基于非对称双芯光纤来实现温度和振动双参量的分布式传感方法。The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing and relates to a distributed sensing method based on an asymmetrical double-core optical fiber to realize dual parameters of temperature and vibration.
背景技术Background technique
分布式光纤传感技术由于其具有抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、耐高温、测量范围广以及全光无电等特点已经被广泛地应用于工业测量和生产等领域，其中对于温度和振动的双参量传感是研究人员近年来极为关注的，特别是在一些重要的场合中，例如铁路修建、国防工业以及石油管道等方面。Distributed optical fiber sensing technology has been widely used in industrial measurement and production due to its characteristics of anti-electromagnetic interference, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, wide measurement range, and all-optical and no electricity. Among them, the dual parameters of temperature and vibration Sensing has been of great concern to researchers in recent years, especially in some important occasions, such as railway construction, defense industry, and oil pipelines.
目前比较成熟的分布式光纤传感技术主要包括：1、基于干涉仪原理的分布式光纤传感技术(例如Mach-Zehnder)，这种传感器的参考臂容易受到外界的干扰使得其具有性能不稳定，定位距离短等缺点。2、传统的分布式光纤拉曼传感器，这种传感器是利用光在光纤中传输时产生的拉曼散射信号对温度敏感而实现的，缺点是不能应用与振动方面。基于非对称双芯光纤的分布式双参量传感器是除了基于干涉仪原理的分布式光纤传感器和传统的分布式光纤拉曼温度传感器以外的另外一种分布式光纤传感器。这种传感器不仅可以同时实现温度和振动的在线测量还可以避免温度和振动的交叉影响。因此，发明一种结构简单、可以同时测量温度和振动的传感方法具有重要意义。At present, the relatively mature distributed optical fiber sensing technology mainly includes: 1. Distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on the principle of interferometer (such as Mach-Zehnder), the reference arm of this sensor is susceptible to external interference, which makes its performance unstable , Short positioning distance and other disadvantages. 2. The traditional distributed optical fiber Raman sensor is realized by using the Raman scattering signal generated when light is transmitted in the optical fiber to be sensitive to temperature. The disadvantage is that it cannot be applied to vibration. The distributed dual-parameter sensor based on asymmetric dual-core optical fiber is another distributed optical fiber sensor besides the distributed optical fiber sensor based on the principle of interferometer and the traditional distributed optical fiber Raman temperature sensor. This sensor can not only realize the online measurement of temperature and vibration at the same time, but also avoid the cross influence of temperature and vibration. Therefore, it is of great significance to invent a sensing method with a simple structure that can simultaneously measure temperature and vibration.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提出了一种基于双芯光纤的分布式双参量传感方法。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention proposes a distributed dual-parameter sensing method based on dual-core optical fibers.
本发明的方法包括以下几个步骤：Method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
步骤(1)选择一个输出波长为1550nm的脉冲激光器；一个四端口波分复用器；一个三端口的合束器、一段长度为L的非对称双芯光纤，其中非对称双芯光纤的一个纤芯为多模光纤纤芯，另外一个纤芯为单模光纤纤芯；三个PD探头；一个波长为1550nm的单频窄线宽激光器；一个电光调制器；一个掺铒光纤放大器；一个光环行器；一个数据处理中心。Step (1) select a pulsed laser with an output wavelength of 1550nm; a four-port wavelength division multiplexer; a three-port beam combiner, a section of length L of asymmetrical dual-core optical fiber, wherein one of the asymmetrical dual-core optical fibers The core is a multimode fiber core, and the other is a single-mode fiber core; three PD probes; a single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser with a wavelength of 1550nm; an electro-optic modulator; an erbium-doped fiber amplifier; an optical ring liner; a data processing center.
步骤(2)将波长为1550nm的脉冲激光器的输出端口与波分复用器的第一端口连接；将波分复用器的第四端口与合束器的第一端口连接；将合束器的第二端口与长度为L的非对称双芯光纤连接；将波长为1550nm的单频窄线宽激光器的输出端口与电光调制器的输入端口连接，以此将波长为1550nm的连续激光调制成脉冲激光；将电光调制器的输出端口与掺铒光纤放大器的输入端口连接；掺铒光纤放大器的输出端口与光环行器的第一端口连接；光环行器的第二端口与合束器的第三端口连接；环行器的第三端口、波分复用器的第二端口和第三端口分别与三个PD探头连接；三个PD探头与数据处理中心连接。Step (2) is that the output port of the pulsed laser of 1550nm is connected with the first port of the wavelength division multiplexer with the wavelength; The fourth port of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with the first port of the beam combiner; The beam combiner The second port of the second port is connected with an asymmetrical double-core optical fiber with a length of L; the output port of a single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser with a wavelength of 1550nm is connected with the input port of an electro-optic modulator, so that the continuous laser with a wavelength of 1550nm is modulated into Pulse laser; connect the output port of the electro-optic modulator with the input port of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier; connect the output port of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier with the first port of the optical circulator; connect the second port of the optical circulator with the first port of the beam combiner The three ports are connected; the third port of the circulator, the second port and the third port of the wavelength division multiplexer are respectively connected with three PD probes; the three PD probes are connected with the data processing center.
步骤(3)开启波长为1550nm的脉冲光源，脉冲激光通过波分复用器第一端口后从波分复用器第四端口输出，脉冲激光通过合束器第一端口进入到非对称双芯光纤多模纤芯。激光脉冲入射到多模纤芯后在传播中与光纤相互作用发生非线性作用，产生两个后向的散射光，即拉曼斯托克斯散射光和拉曼反斯托克斯散射光。两个后向散射光通过合束器第二端口后从合束器第一端口输出然后进入到波分复用器第四端口，其中波长范围在1440～1460nm的拉曼反斯托克斯散射光和波长在1640～1660的拉曼斯托克斯散射光分别接入PD探头后进入数据处理中心，用数据处理中心对采集到的数据进行处理分析。Step (3) Turn on the pulsed light source with a wavelength of 1550nm, the pulsed laser passes through the first port of the wavelength division multiplexer and then outputs from the fourth port of the wavelength division multiplexer, and the pulsed laser enters the asymmetric dual core through the first port of the beam combiner Fiber multimode core. After the laser pulse is incident on the multimode fiber core, it interacts with the fiber nonlinearly during propagation, and produces two backward scattered lights, namely Raman-Stokes scattered light and Raman anti-Stokes scattered light. After the two backscattered lights pass through the second port of the beam combiner, they are output from the first port of the beam combiner and then enter the fourth port of the wavelength division multiplexer, where the Raman anti-Stokes scattering in the wavelength range of 1440-1460nm Light and Raman Stokes scattered light with a wavelength of 1640-1660 are respectively connected to the PD probe and then enter the data processing center, where the collected data is processed and analyzed.
与此同时开启波长为1550nm的单频窄线宽激光器，窄线宽激光经电光调制器调制为周期性的脉冲激光。脉冲激光通过掺铒光纤放大器后进入到环行器第一端口，然后从环行器第二端口输出进入到合束器第三端口，被放大的脉冲激光从合束器第二端口输出进入到非对称光纤的单模纤芯，脉冲激光在单模纤芯传播的过程中产生后向散射的瑞利散射光信号。后向散射的瑞利散射光通过合束器第三端口后回到环行器第二端口，然后再从环行器第三端口输出进入到PD探头，然后同时与剩余两个PD探头的信号光一起进入到数据处理中心进行信号数理，实现温度和振动双参量传感。At the same time, a single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser with a wavelength of 1550 nm is turned on, and the narrow-linewidth laser is modulated into a periodic pulsed laser by an electro-optical modulator. The pulse laser enters the first port of the circulator after passing through the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and then enters the third port of the beam combiner from the output of the second port of the circulator, and the amplified pulse laser enters the asymmetric output from the second port of the beam combiner The single-mode core of the optical fiber, the pulsed laser generates a backscattered Rayleigh scattered light signal during the propagation of the single-mode core. The backscattered Rayleigh scattered light passes through the third port of the beam combiner and returns to the second port of the circulator, and then enters the PD probe from the third port of the circulator, and then simultaneously with the signal light of the remaining two PD probes Enter the data processing center for signal mathematics to realize dual-parameter sensing of temperature and vibration.
以开启脉冲激光器和窄线宽激光器的时间为计时零点，则在某个定点处后向拉曼斯托克斯散射光、后向拉曼反斯托克斯散射光和后向瑞利散射光回到合束器的时间为t。Taking the time when the pulsed laser and the narrow linewidth laser are turned on as the timing zero point, the backward Raman-Stokes scattered light, backward Raman anti-Stokes scattered light and backward Rayleigh scattered light at a certain point The time to return to the combiner is t.
对于后向拉曼散射光，拉曼散射光的强弱受到光纤散射点的温度调制，即传送入数据处理中心的斯托克斯散射光和反斯托克斯散射光强度为时间t和温度T的函数，即t时刻第一个PD探头、第二个PD探头接收到的拉曼斯托克斯光和拉曼反斯托克斯光功率分别为：For backward Raman scattered light, the intensity of Raman scattered light is modulated by the temperature of the fiber scattering point, that is, the intensity of Stokes scattered light and anti-Stokes scattered light transmitted into the data processing center is time t and temperature The function of T, that is, the powers of Raman Stokes light and Raman anti-Stokes light received by the first PD probe and the second PD probe at time t are:
Ps＝fs(t,T) (1)P s =f s (t,T) (1)
和and
Pas＝fas(t,T) (2)P as =f as (t,T) (2)
其中T为t时刻非对称双芯光纤定点处的温度。用斯托克斯散射光和反斯托克斯散射光功率的比值来解调温度来得到空间温度场的分布，即：Where T is the temperature at the fixed point of the asymmetric dual-core fiber at time t. Use the ratio of the power of Stokes scattered light and anti-Stokes scattered light to demodulate the temperature to obtain the distribution of the spatial temperature field, namely:
Ps/Pas＝fs(t,T)/fas(t,T) (3)P s /P as =f s (t,T)/f as (t,T) (3)
对于后向瑞利散射光，外界环境的振动会引起非对称双芯光纤中后向瑞利散射光相位的变化，即当外界的振动强度为ν时后向瑞利散射光相位φ为时间t和ν的函数：For the backward Rayleigh scattered light, the vibration of the external environment will cause the phase change of the backward Rayleigh scattered light in the asymmetric double-core fiber, that is, when the external vibration intensity is ν, the backward Rayleigh scattered light phase φ is time t and a function of ν:
φ＝f(t,ν) (4)φ=f(t,ν) (4)
即which is
ν＝f-1(t,φ) (5)ν=f -1 (t,φ) (5)
用数据处理中心采集到时间t、两个后向拉曼散射光的功率和后向瑞利散射光的相位信息就可以具体得到测量点的位置、温度和振动的信息。The position, temperature and vibration information of the measurement point can be obtained by collecting the time t, the power of the two back Raman scattered light and the phase information of the back Rayleigh scattered light by the data processing center.
本发明主要适用于长距离的分布式温度和振动双参量传感，利用非对称双芯光纤中的多模纤芯适合后向拉曼散射光的传播而单模纤芯适合后向瑞利散射传播的特点，实现分布式温度和振动双参量的传感，具有结构简单可操作性强等特点。The invention is mainly suitable for long-distance distributed temperature and vibration dual-parameter sensing, and the multimode fiber core in the asymmetric dual-core optical fiber is suitable for the propagation of backward Raman scattered light and the single-mode fiber core is suitable for backward Rayleigh scattering The characteristics of transmission, realize the sensing of distributed temperature and vibration dual parameters, and have the characteristics of simple structure and strong operability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构图；Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention;
图2为非对称双芯光纤的结构图；Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an asymmetric dual-core optical fiber;
图3为非对称双芯光纤的截面图。Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an asymmetric dual-core optical fiber.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
步骤(1)选择一个输出波长为1550nm的脉冲激光器1；一个四端口波分复用器(WDM)2；一个三端口的合束器3、一段长度为20km的非对称双芯光纤4，其中非对称双芯光纤的一个纤芯为多模光纤，纤芯直径为62.5μm，另外一个纤芯为单模光纤，纤芯直径为8μm；一个波长为1550nm的单频窄线宽激光器5；一个电光调制器6；一个掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)7；一个光环行器8；三个PD探头分别为9，10，11；一个数据处理中心12，见图1。Step (1) selects a pulsed laser 1 with an output wavelength of 1550nm; a four-port wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 2; a three-port beam combiner 3, an asymmetrical dual-core optical fiber 4 with a length of 20km, wherein One core of the asymmetric dual-core fiber is a multimode fiber with a core diameter of 62.5 μm, and the other core is a single-mode fiber with a core diameter of 8 μm; a single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser 5 with a wavelength of 1550 nm; An electro-optic modulator 6; an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) 7; an optical circulator 8; three PD probes respectively 9, 10, and 11; a data processing center 12, as shown in FIG. 1 .
步骤(2)将波长为1550nm的脉冲激光器1的输出端口与波分复用器2的1端口光纤连接；将波分复用器2的4端口光纤与合束器3的1端口光纤连接、将合束器3的2端口光纤与长度为20km的非对称双芯光纤4连接；将波长为1550nm的单频窄线宽激光器5的输出端口与电光调制器6的输入端口连接，以此将波长为1550nm的连续激光调制成脉冲激光；将电光调制器6的输出端口与掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)7的输入端口连接，其功能是放大脉冲激光的功率从而提高后端非对称双芯光纤的单模纤芯中后向散射光的强度从而来增大传感器的测量长度；掺铒光纤放大器7的输出端口与光环行器8的1端口光纤连接；光环行器8的2端口与合束器3的3端口光纤连接；环行器8的端口3、波分复用器2的端口2和3分别与3个PD探头9、10、11连接；3个PD探头9、10、11与数据处理中心12连接。Step (2) be that the output port of the pulsed laser 1 of wavelength 1550nm is connected with the 1-port optical fiber of the wavelength division multiplexer 2; The 4-port optical fiber of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected with the 1-port optical fiber of the beam combiner 3, The 2-port optical fiber of the beam combiner 3 is connected with the asymmetrical double-core optical fiber 4 with a length of 20 km; the output port of the single-frequency narrow linewidth laser 5 with a wavelength of 1550 nm is connected with the input port of the electro-optic modulator 6, so that the The continuous laser with a wavelength of 1550nm is modulated into a pulsed laser; the output port of the electro-optic modulator 6 is connected with the input port of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) 7, and its function is to amplify the power of the pulsed laser so as to improve the back-end asymmetrical dual-core fiber The intensity of the backscattered light in the single-mode core of the single-mode fiber thereby increases the measuring length of the sensor; the output port of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 7 is connected with the 1-port optical fiber of the optical circulator 8; the 2-port of the optical circulator 8 is connected with the bundle The 3-port optical fiber connection of the circulator 3; the port 3 of the circulator 8, and the ports 2 and 3 of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 are respectively connected to the three PD probes 9, 10, 11; the three PD probes 9, 10, 11 are connected to the data The processing center 12 is connected.
步骤(3)开启波长为1550nm的脉冲光源1，脉冲激光通过波分复用器2的端口1后从波分复用器2的端口4输出，脉冲激光通过合束器3的端口1进入到20km的非对称双芯光纤4的多模纤芯4-1。激光脉冲入射到多模纤芯4-1后在传播中会与光纤相互作用发生非线性作用产生两个后向的散射光，即拉曼斯托克斯散射光和拉曼反斯托克斯散射光。拉曼散射光的强度对温度十分敏感，从而可以实现温度传感。而拉曼散射中斯托克斯散射光和反斯托克斯散射光都十分微弱，所以目前成熟的技术都必须使用多模光纤4-1才能保证实现远距离传感，见图2和图3。两个后向散射光通过合束器3的端口2后从合束器3的端口1输出然后进入到波分复用器2的端口4，其中波长范围为1450nm的反斯托克斯散射光和波长为1650nm的斯托克斯散射光分别接入PD探头10和11后进入数字采集卡12，用数字采集卡12对采集到的数据进行处理分析。Step (3) Turn on the pulsed light source 1 with a wavelength of 1550nm, the pulsed laser is output from the port 4 of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 after passing through the port 1 of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and the pulsed laser enters through the port 1 of the beam combiner 3 Multimode fiber core 4-1 of 20km asymmetric twin-core fiber 4. After the laser pulse is incident on the multimode fiber core 4-1, it will interact with the fiber nonlinearly during propagation to produce two backward scattered lights, namely Raman Stokes scattered light and Raman anti-Stokes light Scattered light. The intensity of Raman scattered light is very sensitive to temperature, so that temperature sensing can be realized. In Raman scattering, the Stokes scattered light and anti-Stokes scattered light are very weak, so the current mature technology must use multimode fiber 4-1 to ensure long-distance sensing, see Figure 2 and Figure 2 3. The two backscattered lights pass through the port 2 of the beam combiner 3 and then output from the port 1 of the beam combiner 3 and then enter the port 4 of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, wherein the anti-Stokes scattered light with a wavelength range of 1450nm The Stokes scattered light with a wavelength of 1650nm is respectively connected to the PD probes 10 and 11 and then enters the digital acquisition card 12, and the collected data is processed and analyzed by the digital acquisition card 12.
与此同时开启波长为1550nm的单频窄线宽激光器5，窄线宽激光经电光调制器6调制为周期性的脉冲激光。脉冲激光通过掺铒光纤放大器7后进入环行器8的端口1，然后从环行器8的端口2输出进入到合束器3的端口3，被放大的脉冲激光从合束器端口2输出进入到非对称光纤4的单模纤芯4-2，脉冲激光在纤芯2传播的过程中产生后向散射的瑞利散射光信号，瑞利散射光的相位会因为外界振动而反生变化，所以利用瑞利散射可以实现振动方面的传感。因为瑞利散射光比拉曼散射光的强度要高，所以使用单模纤芯4-2就可以实现远距离传感，见图2和图3。后向瑞利散射光通过合束器3的端口3后回到环行器8的端口2然后再从环行器8的端口3输出进入到PD探头9，然后同时与PD探头10和PD探头11的信号光一起进入到数字采集中心12进行信号数理，实现温度和振动双参量传感。At the same time, the single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser 5 with a wavelength of 1550 nm is turned on, and the narrow-linewidth laser is modulated into periodic pulsed laser light by the electro-optical modulator 6 . The pulsed laser light enters port 1 of the circulator 8 after passing through the erbium-doped fiber amplifier 7, and then enters the port 3 of the beam combiner 3 from the output of the port 2 of the circulator 8, and the amplified pulse laser is output from the port 2 of the beam combiner and enters the In the single-mode fiber core 4-2 of the asymmetric fiber 4, the pulsed laser generates a backscattered Rayleigh scattered light signal during the propagation of the fiber core 2, and the phase of the Rayleigh scattered light will change reversely due to external vibrations, so Vibrational sensing can be achieved using Rayleigh scattering. Because the intensity of Rayleigh scattered light is higher than that of Raman scattered light, long-distance sensing can be realized by using the single-mode fiber core 4-2, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 . Backward Rayleigh scattered light passes through port 3 of beam combiner 3 and then returns to port 2 of circulator 8, and then output from port 3 of circulator 8 to enter PD probe 9, and then combine with PD probe 10 and PD probe 11 at the same time The signal light enters into the digital acquisition center 12 together for signal processing to realize dual-parameter sensing of temperature and vibration.
以开启脉冲激光器和窄线宽激光器的时间为计时零点，根据数字采集中心采集到的时间t和数字采集中心采集到的PD探头9、PD探头10和PD探头11的相位ν、功率Ps和Pas以及公式3和5就可以得到测量点的温度和振动强度。Taking the time when the pulsed laser and the narrow linewidth laser are turned on as the timing zero point, according to the time t collected by the digital acquisition center and the phase ν, power P s and P as and formulas 3 and 5 can get the temperature and vibration intensity of the measuring point.
本发明主要应用了近年来发展起来的双芯光纤，通过将脉冲激光射入到一根非对称双芯光纤就可以同时形成后向拉曼散射和后向瑞利散射的方法来实现分布式温度和振动双参量传感，从而具有结构简，可以实现双参量传感的优点。The present invention mainly applies the dual-core optical fiber developed in recent years, and realizes distributed temperature by injecting pulsed laser into an asymmetric dual-core optical fiber to simultaneously form backward Raman scattering and backward Rayleigh scattering. And vibration dual-parameter sensing, thus has the advantages of simple structure and can realize dual-parameter sensing.
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Application publication date: 20180914 |