CN104565826A - Pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring early warning method and system - Google Patents
Pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring early warning method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring early warning method and system. The method and the system are characterized in that a communication optical cable is paved around a buried pipeline (1); one of cable cores is taken as a sensing optical fiber (2); one of the cable cores is taken as a communication optical fiber (3); an optical fiber relay amplifying device (5) is arranged along the sensing optical fiber (2); the communication optical fiber (3) is connected with a detection device (6) and a data and control module (7); the data and control module (7) is used for transmitting a relay control signal of the relay amplifying device (5) through the communication optical fiber (3) to realize real-time adjustment of relay amplification; the relay amplifying device can be used for simultaneously amplifying forwardly-transmitted pulse optical waves and a backwardly-transmitted Rayleigh interference optical signal; detected front and back curves are divided with each other to filter background noise, so that the positioning accuracy is increased. By adopting the method and the system, the influence of background noise is low, detection, identification, judgment and positioning functions specific to multi-point vibration signals along a pipeline are realized, and very high detection sensitivity, positioning accuracy and different event identification accuracies are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of oil-gas pipeline safety monitoring and pre-alarming method and system, especially relates to a kind of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on coherent rayleigh (Φ-OTDR) principle, relates to the measurement of mechanical vibration, the measurement of impact and pipe-line system technical field.
Background technique
Pipeline transport is widely used all over the world as a kind of safe, economic means of transportation.Along with the development of pipeline industry, the pipe safety accident caused because of factors such as pipeline damage from third-party along the line, natural disasteies happens occasionally, and has had a strong impact on the safe operation of pipeline.In order to the safe operation of service conduit, reduce the generation of harm pipe safety event, pipe safety operation and maintenance technology is subject to showing great attention to of various countries scientific and technical personnel.Monitoring pipeline safety early warning technology can be reported to the police and locate before pipeline is destroyed, and plays an important role for stoping the generation of threat tube security incident, minimizing property loss and environmental pollution.
At present, the existing multiple techniques and methods utilizing the fiber optic cable monitor pipeline of pipeline laying in one ditch to threaten event along the line both at home and abroad, but this kind of technology is mainly based on the pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring and warning technology that traditional OTDR or fibre optic interferometer principle research and develop.Conventional OTDR technique is applied to monitoring leak from oil gas pipe by Chinese invention patent application number 02145502.3.OTDR technology is the abbreviation of optical time domain reflection (Optical Time DomainReflectometer) technology, traditional OTDR is the fault point that back rayleigh scattering by producing in detection fiber and Fresnel reflection signal judge optical fiber, is mainly used in the detections such as the fault of optical cable, the length of optical fiber, the loss of optical fiber and opticalfiber splicing loss.Thus this technology can only detect quiescent dissipation and change disturbance slowly, can not realize the Real-Time Monitoring that pipeline threatens event oscillating signal along the line.
Chinese invention patent application numbers 200410020046.6,200610072879.6,200610113044.0,200720169440.5 grades adopt many optical fiber to form distributed optical fiber vibration sensor monitoring pipeline oscillating signal along the line based on fibre optic interferometer principle, because pipeline is along thread environment more complicated, background noise impact is comparatively strong, distributed more widely, and thus such technology is more difficult to the detection of pipeline multiple spot along the line oscillating signal, identification, judgement and contrast locating.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to invent a kind of based on coherent rayleigh (Φ-OTDR) principle, adopt photoderm to carry out sectional monitoring, little, the detection that realizes pipeline multiple spot along the line oscillating signal of impact of background noise, identification, judgement and locating function, the pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring and pre-alarming method with very high detection sensitivity, positioning precision and different event recognition accuracy and system along the line to pipeline.
Pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring and pre-alarming method is when photoderm transmits in Single Mode Fiber, due to prepare optical fiber material in there is contaminant particles, or the nonuniformity due to the density of optical fiber own will make optical fiber there is the different tiny area of refractive index on microcosmic, each zonule becomes scattering center, to all the winds send the subwave of same frequency, these subwaves, without fixed phase relationship, are random processes.If the coherent length long enough of light source, then these back rayleigh scattering light will superpose mutually, form long or destructive interference mutually, and form interference pattern.In the scope of the coherent length Lc of light source, when the external environment that region buried underground by pipeline laying in one ditch optical fiber is constant, the intensity distriubtion of detection back rayleigh scattering, the intensity distriubtion pattern obtained is changeless, and namely back rayleigh scattering light intensity meets certain statistical law.And when external environment changes, certain impact will be produced on the optical fiber in region, thus change the light intensity of Rayleigh scattering in optical fiber, according to statistical law, also can there is corresponding change in the relevant pattern of the back rayleigh scattering light now obtained.By analyzing these changes, the Vibration Condition that optical fiber is along the line can be detected, thus realize the monitoring to pipeline certain limit along the line.
The principle of the inventive method as shown in Figure 1.Buried pipeline (1) is laid with communication cable around, use wherein a core as sensor fibre (2), one core is as communication optical fiber (3), sensor fibre (2) increases Optical fiber relay amplifying device (5) on the way, and communication optical fiber (3) connects detection device (6) and data and control module (7); Data and control module (7) are by the relaying control signals of communication optical fiber (3) transmission trunking amplifying device (5); realize the real-time adjustment of amplifying relaying, relay amplification device can amplify the pulsed light wave of forward transmission and reverse transfers Rayleigh interfere optical signal simultaneously; Use the anterioposterior curve detected to be divided by, filter background noise, improve positioning precision.
Oscillating signal 4 around buried pipeline 1 acts in pipeline laying in one ditch optical cable on sensor fibre 2, and the refractive index, length, core diameter etc. of optical fiber have minor variations, cause this place's phase place to change.In detection device 6, light source adopts high-coherence light source, and in sensor fibre 2, backward Rayleigh scattering is interfered mutually, and due to interference effect, the change of phase place finally causes the change of Rayleigh scattering light intensity.The oscillating signal of pipeline is monitored by detecting this change.Data processing control device 7 can send relaying control signals to adjust relaying magnification factor through communication optical fiber 3 to relay amplification device 5.
Positioning principle as shown in figs 2-4.Photodetector detects backward Rayleigh scattering light, capture card real-time data collection, is divided by the curve adjacent voltage collected, can effectively reduces the impact of background noise, result exceeds setting threshold value and then thinks and the generation having vibration event now position and report to the police to vibration event.Figure 2 shows that the signal schematic three dimensional views collected, the signal collected at optical cable l0 place over time as Fig. 3, vibration event judgment formula:
This signal is got to the front and back voltage V in a period of time
2, V
1be divided by, obtain plotted curve 4, setting voltage threshold value v
0, exceed threshold value v
0carry out reporting to the police and positioning, vibration event ranging formula:
In formula:
The light velocity in c--vacuum;
N--fiber core refractive index;
T
0-vibration event time of origin.
Realize overlength oil and gas pipeline monitoring and pre-alarming method, it is characterized in that comprising following process: increase Optical fiber relay amplifying device 5 on the way at sensor fibre, relaying amplifies can amplify coherent pulse light wave and backward Rayleigh interfere optical signal simultaneously, data and control module 7 according to the relaying control signals of the power of reflected signal by communication optical fiber 3 transmission trunking amplifying device 5, can realize the real-time adjustment of amplifying relaying.Need to carry out cascade to multiple relay amplification device in extra long distance Monitoring Pinpelines early warning system, the relaying that the real-time adjustment that relaying amplifies avoids cascade amplifies manually-operable, can obtain better reflected signal simultaneously.Overlength oil and gas pipes operating mode along the line is complicated, and comprise railway, river, mountain area, make somebody a mere figurehead, different location can arrange different sensitivity in monitor and early warning system data processing and control module 102.
Pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system theory diagram as shown in Figure 5.Mainly comprise light source module 100, testing module 101, data processing and control module 102 and sensing module 103.Light source module 100 is to sensing module 103 injected pulse light, testing module 101 detects the backward Rayleigh scattering light in sensor fibre, data processing and control module 102 acquisition and processing data, and launch relaying control signals through communication optical fiber a to relay amplification device a.Sensing module 103 picks up the oscillating signal of pipeline by sensor fibre, communication optical fiber transmission trunking control signal.
Laser drives and protective gear, narrow linewidth laser, 1 × 2 Fiber Optic Coupler, power amplifier, optical fiber filter, light pulse modulator, optical fiber circulator are connected in series successively, wherein light pulse modulator needs to connect impulse controller, 1 × 2 Fiber Optic Coupler exports than being 99:1, beam intensity ratio is 0.99 one termination optical fiber filter, and beam intensity ratio is that 0.01 one end enters 3 × 3 Couplers together with the reflected signal through amplifying; The output terminal of optical fiber circulator is connected in series preamplifier, optical fiber filter successively, reflected signal after filtering accesses 3 × 3 Couplers together with one end of 1 × 2 Coupler, and three output terminals of 3 × 3 Couplers input photodetector, signal conditioner, data acquisition unit, signal transacting and control gear successively; Data processing and control gear export after optical communication device meets communication optical fiber a to relay amplification device a, pass through communication optical fiber b, communication optical fiber c successively to relay amplification device b, relay amplification device c.Laser drives and protective gear drives and Bright Source Protection for narrow linewidth laser provides, 1 × 2 Fiber Optic Coupler is exported to through internal insulation device after narrow linewidth laser exports continuous light wave, one end access power amplifier, through amplification continuous light wave by optical fiber filter after enter light pulse-modulator, the modulation duty cycle of pulse-modulator is regulated by impulse controller, light pulse after overmodulation enters sensor fibre a by optical fiber circulator, light pulse is more successively through relay amplification device a, relay amplification device b, sensor fibre b is entered respectively after relay amplification device c, sensor fibre c, sensor fibre d, the optical signal reflected enters preamplifier after optical fiber circulator, optical signal after amplifying enters data acquisition unit, three road signal entering signal process and the control gear process collected successively after optical fiber filter, 3 × 3 Fiber Optic Coupler, optical fiber electricity detector and signal conditioner, signal transacting and control gear send relaying control signals after judging to received signal, this signal, by realizing the control to relay amplification device a magnification factor after optical communication module entry communication optical fiber a, then realizes the control to relay amplification device b, relay amplification device c magnification factor by communication optical fiber b, communication optical fiber c successively.
Wherein, the structure of relay amplification device as shown in Figure 6.This relay amplification device structure is simple, only just can amplify the Rayleigh interfere signal of the photoderm of forward transmission and reverse transfer by an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier simultaneously, the optical communication device being connected to communication optical fiber a and communication optical fiber b exports and is connected in series relaying amplification control circuit, power amplifier successively, and power amplifier exports and is connected to sensor fibre b through optical fiber filter.
The relaying control signals that the Received signal strength process of optical communication device and control gear 7 send, relaying amplification control circuit controls power amplifier, and the signal demand after amplification enters sensor fibre after optical fiber filter.
Described optical fiber is Single Mode Fiber.
The photovoltaic principals figure of pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system as shown in Figure 4.Photovoltaic principals figure shows the Placement between each module.By FC interface, light source module is connected with light circulator, is connected with sensing module through FC interface; The backward Rayleigh scattering light of sensing module enters testing module by single-mode fiber jumper, scattered light signal becomes electrical signal after module after testing and enters data processing and control module by bnc interface, launches relaying control signals according to processing data through communication optical fiber phase sensing module.
The process of data completes primarily of software.Software section carry out data process, judge whether that warning message and the power according to signal send relaying control signals to relay amplification device 5.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) this pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring and pre-alarming method positioning principle utilize the curve that detects before and after voltage be divided by, compare the impact that traditional anterioposterior curve subtracts each other reduction background noise that can be larger, there is higher precision and lower rate of false alarm;
(2) this pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system utilizes two Single Mode Fiber in pipeline laying in one ditch communication cable to constitute pipeline vibration transducer along the line, when not adding relaying, needs Single Mode Fiber, has saved pipeline laying in one ditch communication cable resource;
(3) native system uses 3 × 3 coupler demodulation principles, reduces the impact of polarization decay polarization, has very high sensitivity;
(4) native system relaying structure for amplifying is simple, only need be connected in series a Fiber Optic Amplifier that is controlled, Bi-directional amplifier just can realize amplifying the photoderm of forward transmission and the coherent rayleigh scattered light of reverse transfers on sensor fibre simultaneously, and automatically can adjust relaying magnification factor according to rear orientation light;
(5) this system is easy to networking, can realize the safety monitoring of complex grid;
(6) the distribution type fiber-optic vibrative sensor that this system adopts has the features such as electrical insulating property is good, essential safety is reliable, corrosion-resistant, and this makes it in the environment such as the strong electromagnetic such as petrochemical industry, inflammable, explosive, deep-etching, have application prospect widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring and pre-alarming method schematic diagram
Fig. 2 pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system positioning principle figure (1)
Fig. 3 pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system positioning principle figure (2)
Fig. 4 pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system positioning principle figure (3)
Fig. 5 pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system theory diagram
Fig. 6 relay amplification device theory diagram
Fig. 7 photovoltaic principals figure
Fig. 8 test signal voltage-time history
Fig. 9 test result figure
Wherein 1-buried pipeline 2-sensor fibre
3-communication optical fiber 4-vibration event
5-relay amplification device 6-detection device
7-signal transacting and control gear 100-light source module
101-testing module 102-signal transacting and control module
103-sensing module 8a-vibration event a
8b-vibration event b V
1-detection curve is interior voltage for the previous period
V
2voltage s in a period of time after-detection curve
0-vibration event auditory localization cues
L
0-pipeline optical cable along the line 1 t
0-vibration event time of origin
Embodiment
Embodiment. below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, this method and system are described in further detail:
The principle of this example as shown in Figure 1.Oscillating signal 4 around buried pipeline 1 acts in pipeline laying in one ditch optical cable on sensor fibre 2, and the refractive index, length, core diameter etc. of optical fiber have minor variations, cause this place's phase place to change.In detection device 6, light source adopts high-coherence light source, and in sensor fibre 2, backward Rayleigh scattering is interfered mutually, and due to interference effect, the change of phase place finally causes the change of Rayleigh scattering light intensity.The oscillating signal of pipeline is monitored by detecting this change.Data processing control device 7 can send relaying control signals through communication optical fiber 3 to relay amplification device 5 according to the power of detected signal and adjust relaying magnification factor.Different sensitivity can be set to pipeline different location along the line in data processing control device 7.
Pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring and pre-alarming method positioning principle as shown in figs 2-4.Photodetector detects backward Rayleigh scattering light, capture card image data, is divided by the curve adjacent voltage collected, and result exceeds setting threshold value and then thinks and the generation having vibration event now position and report to the police to vibration event.Figure 2 shows that the signal schematic three dimensional views collected, at optical cable l
0the signal collected at place, over time as Fig. 3, has judged whether vibration event ranging formula: s
0=| V
2/ V
1|.To the front and back voltage V in this signal a period of time
2, V
1be divided by, obtain plotted curve 4, setting voltage threshold value v
0, exceed threshold value v
0carry out reporting to the police and positioning, vibration event ranging formula: s
0=ct
0/ 2n.In formula, c is the light velocity in vacuum, and n is fiber core refractive index.
Pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system structure is as shown in Figure 5: laser drives and protective gear drives narrow linewidth laser to send continuous light wave, light wave is first through laser internal optical fiber isolator, fibre optic isolater effectively can reduce the harm of reflected light to system source, continuous light wave is through 1 × 2 Fiber Optic Coupler afterwards, Coupler beam intensity ratio be 0.99 one end through power amplifier laggard enter optical fiber filter carry out filtering process, the noise that wave filter can effectively produce in filtering amplification process, photoderm is become by light pulse modulators modulate through filtered continuous light, light pulse dutycycle after modulation is determined by impulse controller, photoderm enters sensor fibre a by optical fiber circulator, successively through relay amplification device a, relay amplification device b, relay amplification device c, amplify afterpulse light and enter sensor fibre b, sensor fibre c, sensor fibre d, relaying amplification module simultaneously paired pulses light amplifies with the interference signal be reflected back, the interference signal be reflected back passes through optical fiber filter after fiber pre-amplifier amplifies, filtered optical signal and 1 × 2 optical fiber filter beam intensity ratio be 0.01 one end together enter 3 × 3 Fiber Optic Coupler, three output terminals of 3 × 3 Couplers become electrical signal after photodetector, electrical signal enters data acquisition unit after signal conditioner, the data collected carry out subsequent treatment in data processing and control gear, relaying control signals is sent after result display and judgement, this signal is respectively through communication optical fiber a, communication optical fiber b, communication optical fiber c transfers to relaying amplification module a, relaying amplification module b, relaying amplification module c, amplification controller obtains better reflected signal according to this signal to Fiber Optic Amplifier adjustment, direct impulse light after amplification needs to enter sensor fibre again after device after filtering.
This routine relay amplification device structure as shown in Figure 6.The relaying control signals that optical communication module reception data processing and control module 7 send, amplification control circuit adjusts power amplifier according to this signal, and the optical signal after amplification carries out filtering by optical fiber filter.Amplify while only needing an Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier just can realize paired pulses light and Rayleigh interfere signal in this device, it should be noted that pipeline distance that this system can be monitored according to actual needs determines the relay amplification device number needed.
In this example, photovoltaic principals figure as shown in Figure 7.By FC interface, light source module is connected with light circulator, is connected with sensing module through FC interface; The backward Rayleigh scattering light of sensing module enters testing module by single-mode fiber jumper, scattered light signal becomes electrical signal after module after testing and enters data processing and control module by bnc interface, launches relaying control signals according to processing data through communication optical fiber phase sensing module.
As shown in Figure 8, this curve is Real-time Collection to the voltage-vs-time primitive curve that this routine system acquisition arrives.Only highly relevant due to injection fibre, the result of the curve therefore the collected Rayleigh scattering light-interference that to be exactly photoderm return in sensor fibre internal reflection.
The state event location result of this example as shown in Figure 9.This system can be monitored multiple vibration events of diverse location simultaneously, and the minimum resolution distance of multiple event is determined by the spatial resolution of system.In figure, vibration event 8a and vibration event 8b is the vibration event of the moment diverse location obtained according to above-mentioned positioning principle, the corresponding time t of 8a transverse axis
1, the corresponding time t of 8b transverse axis
2, can vibration event be calculated according to formula (2).
This example is through test, photoderm is adopted to carry out sectional monitoring along the line to pipeline, the impact of background noise is little, realizes the detection of pipeline multiple spot oscillating signal along the line, identification, judgement and locating function, has very high detection sensitivity, positioning precision and different event recognition accuracy.
Claims (7)
1. a pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring and pre-alarming method, it is characterized in that: buried pipeline (1) is laid with communication cable around, use wherein a core as sensor fibre (2), one core is as communication optical fiber (3), sensor fibre (2) increases Optical fiber relay amplifying device (5) on the way, and communication optical fiber (3) connects detection device (6) and data and control module (7); Data and control module (7) are by the relaying control signals of communication optical fiber (3) transmission trunking amplifying device (5); realize the real-time adjustment of amplifying relaying, relay amplification device can amplify the pulsed light wave of forward transmission and reverse transfers Rayleigh interfere optical signal simultaneously; Use the anterioposterior curve detected to be divided by, filter background noise, improve positioning precision.
2. pipeline optical fiber safety monitoring and pre-alarming method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that positioning principle is as follows: photodetector detects backward Rayleigh scattering light, capture card real-time data collection, the curve adjacent voltage collected is divided by, result exceeds setting threshold value and then thinks and the generation having vibration event now position and report to the police to vibration event; At optical cable l
0the signal that place collects changes in time, vibration event judgment formula:
This signal is got to the front and back voltage V in a period of time
2, V
1be divided by, obtain a curve, setting voltage threshold value v
0, exceed threshold value v
0carry out reporting to the police and positioning, vibration event ranging formula:
The light velocity in c--vacuum;
N--fiber core refractive index;
T
0-vibration event time of origin.
3. use a pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system for method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system mainly comprises light source module (100), testing module (101), data processing and control module (102) and sensing module (103); Power module (100) is to sensing module (103) injected pulse light, testing module (101) detects the backward Rayleigh scattering light in sensor fibre, data processing and control module (102) acquisition and processing data, and launch relaying control signals through communication optical fiber a to relay amplification device a; Sensing module (103) picks up the oscillating signal of pipeline by sensor fibre, communication optical fiber transmission trunking control signal.
4. pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system is specially: laser drives and protective gear, narrow linewidth laser, 1 × 2 Fiber Optic Coupler, power amplifier, optical fiber filter, light pulse modulator, optical fiber circulator are connected in series successively, light pulse modulator needs to connect impulse controller, 1 × 2 Fiber Optic Coupler exports than being 99:1, beam intensity ratio is 0.99 one termination optical fiber filter, and beam intensity ratio is that 0.01 one end enters 3 × 3 Couplers together with the reflected signal through amplifying; The output terminal of optical fiber circulator is connected in series preamplifier, optical fiber filter successively, reflected signal after filtering accesses 3 × 3 Couplers together with one end of 1 × 2 Coupler, three output terminals photodetector, signal conditioner, data acquisition unit, signal transacting and control gear successively of 3 × 3 Couplers; Data processing and control gear export after optical communication device meets communication optical fiber a to relay amplification device a, successively by communication optical fiber b, communication optical fiber c, to relay amplification device b, relay amplification device c.
5. relay amplification device according to claim 3, is characterized in that the photovoltaic principals connected between each module is: be connected with optical fiber circulator by light source module by FC interface, be connected through FC interface with sensing module; The backward Rayleigh scattering light of sensing module enters testing module by single-mode fiber jumper, scattered light signal becomes electrical signal after module after testing and enters data processing and control module by bnc interface, launches relaying control signals according to processing data through communication optical fiber phase sensing module.
6. pipeline optical fiber safety monitor and early warning system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that the structure of described relay amplification device is: the optical communication device being connected to communication optical fiber a and communication optical fiber b exports and is connected in series relaying amplification control circuit, power amplifier successively, and power amplifier exports and is connected to sensor fibre b through optical fiber filter.
7. the relay amplification device according to claims 6, is characterized in that: the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier being connected in series a Bi-directional amplifier on sensor fibre.
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