CN110375800A - A kind of sensing device and method based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer - Google Patents
A kind of sensing device and method based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sensing device and method based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer.Described device includes super continuum source, three adjustable light wave-filters, three 1 × 2 fiber couplers, two Polarization Controllers, two high-speed electro-optic modulators, microwave signal source, three image intensifers, light scrambler, optoisolator, sensor fibre, optical circulator, impulse generator, three photodetectors, data collecting card, computers.The dynamic range of BOTDA can be enhanced in the present invention, increases the measurement distance of optical fiber and improves System spatial resolution；And the present apparatus solves tradition BOTDA one-channel signal using opposite detection optical signal, and with the increase of fiber distance, power can gradually be depleted, the limited problem of detection range；The present invention uses super continuum source, has relative to the broader spectral region of tunable laser.It can cooperate optical filter generation wavelength that can reconcile the variable tunable laser of spatial resolution.The present invention solves the limited measurement distance of narrow band laser as pump light source using super continuum source, enhances the stability of system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is applied to distributing optical fiber sensing detection field, specially a kind of to be based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain
The sensing device and method of analyzer can be realized the continuous measurement of the high spatial resolution to temperature or strain, long range.
Background technique
Based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis, BOTDA)
Distributed fiber optic temperature and strain sensing technology are a kind of New Sensing Technologies to grow up in the late three decades, have primary survey
Amount, which can be obtained, is tested field distribution information, accurate positioning, it can be achieved that dynamic measurement etc., and apart from up to tens of thousand along entire optical fiber
The particular advantages such as rice even several hundred kms are monitored on-line in the industries heavy construction structure health status such as electric power, petroleum and water conservancy
It has broad application prospects.
Since the research based on Rayleigh scattering and Raman scattering has tended to be mature, and gradually move towards practical.Based on cloth
In the research of distributed sensor technology of deep pool scattering start late, but it reach in temperature, strain measurement measurement accuracy, measurement
Range and spatial resolution are above other sensing technologies, therefore this technology obtains extensive concern and research at present.
Brillouin scattering optical time-domain analysis technology (BOTDA) is to be mentioned for the first time by Horiguchi Tsuneo in 1989
Out, the mechanism using the enlarge-effect of excited Brillouin as strain sensing (Journal of Lightwave Technology,
1989,7 (8): 1170-1176.).The researchers such as Horiguchi distinguish simultaneously at the single mode optical fiber both ends of 1.2km at first
Injected pulse light and continuous probe light, realize 100m spatial resolution and 3 DEG C of temperature point rate (Applied Optics,
1990,29 (15): 2219-2222).Bao Xiaoyi etc. obtained in Brillouin's loss-type BOTDA systematic research it is great into
Open up (1993 Sep 15 of Opt Lett.;18 (18): 1561.), using 32 kilometers of sensing length, 1 DEG C of temperature point is obtained
Resolution and 5 meters of spatial resolution.Thevenaz of the Institute of Technology, Lausanne, SUI federation et al. used BOTDA system in 2008
The spatial resolution (IEEE Sensors Journal 8 (7): 1268-1272 of 7m is obtained on the sensing length of 47km
August 2008), University of Electronic Science and Technology Rao Yunjiang realized 50km distance sensing, 50m spatial discrimination at 2010 et al.
The measurement (Acta Physica Sinica, 2010,59 (8)) of rate, Harbin Institute of Technology Dong Yongkang team is by using light pulsewidth within 2012
There is the pulse pair method of minute differences, realize the Fibre Optical Sensor of 2km, and the spatial resolution of sensor-based system is made to reach 2cm, temperature
Measurement accuracy reaches 2 DEG C of (Applied Optics, 2012,51 (9): 1229).External some companies develop in succession at present
Commercialized BOTDA temperature/strain gauge out, such as: the DiTSt of the Smartec and Omnisens company production of Switzerland
System, the temperature resolution of the system is 1 DEG C, strain resolution is 20 μ ε；The Foresight series of Canadian OZ company
System, the spatial resolution of 10cm is reached in 50km distance.
The light source that traditional BOTDA system uses is narrow-linewidth laser source, and pump light is continuous light, and detection light is pulse
Light.In gain-type BOTDA, the frequency of pump light is higher than the frequency of direct impulse light, and the signal frequency difference of two-way is about in cloth
Stimulated Brillouin scattering occurs for deep frequency displacement, pump energy is by acoustic wavefield energy with the increase of pumping light power in optical fiber
Amount is transferred to direct impulse light.Since stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber intensity is related with the frequency displacement difference of two paths of signals, work as pumping
When light and the frequency displacement of detection light equal with Brillouin shift, it is maximum that two-way light shifts energy, so by changing pump light and visiting
The frequency displacement for surveying light is poor, records the performance number under each Frequency point, obtains peak power, then carries out Lorentz fit and just can be obtained
The brillouin gain spectrum of testing fiber each point, and peak power corresponds to Brillouin shift, in the cloth by each position of optical fiber
The linear relationship of deep frequency displacement and Brillouin shift and strain or temperature, can be realized distributing optical fiber sensing and structure monitoring.
But BOTDA system realizes the positioning of fiber optic temperature or strain using light pulse signal as detectable signal, if increasing detection arteries and veins
The pulse width of punching, pulse optical power will increase, and be conducive to improve measurement distance, but spatial resolution can decline, so that
The spatial resolution of BOTDA system is at 1 meter or so.
Recently we replace narrow-linewidth laser source using chaotic laser light signal, because chaotic laser light signal has simple correlation peak
The characteristic of correlation function, have with apart from unrelated high spatial resolution, it can be achieved that the distributing optical fiber sensing of long range.China
Patent of invention (201610305960.8) is using chaotic laser light signal, but chaotic laser light signal generallys use light injection, light
Feedback introduces periodic signal, so that the Low coherence state of chaotic signal is destroyed, reduces System spatial resolution.
And patent of invention (103115632 A of CN) uses multi wave length illuminating source as the light source of Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument,
The invention by increase detection light and pump light number of wavelengths, can increase under the premise of not causing stimulated Brillouin scattering into
The total optical power for entering optical fiber, can be improved system signal noise ratio.But the system need to cooperate adjusting multiple parameters, system structure and realization
Process is complicated, time-consuming, higher cost.
And the present invention uses a kind of Low coherence state, wide spectrum, the super continuous spectrums of output high-power, due to various non-in optical fiber
Linear effect, the optical power being incident in tested optical fiber should mean lower than excited Brillouin threshold value, ultra-wide spectrum with superelevation
Stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value.And BOTDA system wants overlength distance sensing, it is necessary to promote direct impulse light and continuous pumping
Optical power, super continuous spectrums solve the problems, such as low-power using intrinsic advantage, and in addition the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of BOTDA system is other one
A key factor can make system signal noise ratio be greatly improved using super continuum source, it can not only decision systems it is dynamic
State range and the measurement accuracy for influencing system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of based on super continuous spectrums light Brillouin optical time domain analysis (Brillouin Optical Time
Domain Analysis, BOTDA) realize distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment and method that fiber optic temperature or strain position.The invention
The temperature and strain effect scattered in conjunction with optical fiber Brillouin is, it can be achieved that measure temperature or the pinpoint extra long distance of strain.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a kind of biography based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer
Induction device: including super continuum source, the first adjustable light wave-filter, 1 × 2 first fiber couplers, the first Polarization Control
Device, microwave signal source, the first high-speed electro-optic modulator, the first image intensifer, light scrambler, optoisolator, sensor fibre, second
Polarization Controller, the second high-speed electro-optic modulator, impulse generator, 1 × 2 second fiber couplers, the second image intensifer, the ring of light
Row device, third image intensifer, 1 × 2 third fiber coupler, the second adjustable light wave-filter, third adjustable light wave-filter,
One photodetector, the second photodetector, third photodetector, data collecting card, computer.
Wherein, the exit end of super continuum source is connect with the incidence end of the first adjustable light wave-filter；First is tunable
The exit end of light filtering is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers；
First exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers passes through the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the first Polarization Controller
It is connected, the exit end of the first Polarization Controller is connect with the incidence end of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator；First high speed electro-optical tune
The exit end of device processed is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of the first image intensifer；The signal output end of microwave signal source
It is connect by coaxial cable for high frequency with the rf inputs of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator；The incidence end of first image intensifer passes through
Single-mode fiber jumper is connect with light scrambler incidence end；The exit end of light scrambler passes through single-mode fiber jumper and optoisolator
Incidence end connection；The exit end of optoisolator is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and sensor fibre；Sensor fibre
Exit end is connected by the reflection end of single-mode fiber jumper and optical circulator；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers passes through the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second Polarization Controller
Connection；The exit end of second Polarization Controller is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of the second high-speed electro-optic modulator；
The exit end of second high-speed electro-optic modulator is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers；Arteries and veins
The signal output end for rushing generator is connect by coaxial cable for high frequency with the rf inputs of the second high-speed electro-optic modulator；
First exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second image intensifer
It connects；The exit end of second image intensifer is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and optical circulator；The outgoing of optical circulator
End is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of third image intensifer；The exit end of third image intensifer and 1 × 2 third light
Fine coupler incidence end connection；
1 × 2 exit end of third fiber coupler first is connect with the incidence end of the second adjustable light wave-filter；Second is tunable
Optical filter exit end is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of the second photodetector；Second photodetector goes out
End is penetrated to connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the first signal input part of data collecting card；
1 × 2 exit end of third fiber coupler second is connect with the incidence end of third adjustable light wave-filter；Third is tunable
Optical filter exit end is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of third photodetector；Third photodetector goes out
End is penetrated to connect by single-mode fiber jumper with data collecting card second signal input terminal；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers is entered by single-mode fiber jumper and the first photodetector
Penetrate end connection；The exit end of first photodetector is connected by single-mode fiber jumper and data collecting card third signal input part
It connects；The signal output end of data collecting card and the signal input part of computer connect.
A kind of method for sensing based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer, this method are real using following steps
It is existing:
The laser signal that super continuum source issues selects the spectrum of appropriate bandwidth by the first adjustable light wave-filter, and then the
One adjustable light wave-filter is divided into two-way through 1 × 2 first fiber couplers: first via super continuous spectrums optical signal is as detection light letter
Number, the second road super continuous spectrums optical signal is as pump light signals；Detection optical signal first passes around the selection of the first Polarization Controller and closes
Suitable polarization state, laser passes through high-speed electro-optic modulator, and the sinusoidal signal modulation exported by microwave signal source, so that detection
Then the frequency displacement of plain edge band signal is successively carried out through the first image intensifer, light scrambler, optoisolator close to Brillouin shift
Amplify, disturb partially, isolation after enter sensor fibre；Pump light signals first pass through the second Polarization Controller and select suitable light polarization
State, optical signal is using high-speed electro-optic modulator, and the pulse signal modulation exported by impulse generator, then through 1 × 2 second
Fiber coupler, the second image intensifer, optical circulator beam splitting, amplification, go in ring after enter sensor fibre；
For pump light after pulse modulated by after 1 × 2 second fiber coupler beam splitting, a branch of conduct pump light enters sense light
Fibre, as described in step 1, another Shu Zuowei reference light is converted to electric signal through the first photodetector, then through data collecting card
After acquisition, it is input in computer；
Detection plain edge band signal and the pump light signals being pulse modulation meet at a certain position in sensor fibre, pass through tune
The frequency of section detection plain edge band signal makes to detect optical frequency offset close to Brillouin shift, dissipates when excited Brillouin occurs for optical fiber
When penetrating, detection plain edge band signal will be amplified；When frequency is exactly equal to Brillouin shift amount, detection of optical power amplitude signal
It is maximum；When stimulated Brillouin scattering occurs for optical fiber, pump light can also generate backward Rayleigh scattering optical signal；When after to Rayleigh dissipate
The pump light penetrated from the exit end of optical circulator output after, by again by calculate pump light after to Rayleigh scattering signal and ginseng
Examine the correlation function and Fourier transformation between signal, so that it may determine the position signal of fiber optic temperature or strain；It is pumping
Light, amplification detection plain edge band signal after the output of the exit end of optical circulator, then through third image intensifer amplified signal, into 1
× 2 third fiber couplers are divided into two-way, filter out backward Rayleigh scattering optical signal through the second adjustable light wave-filter all the way；Through
It is defeated that the backward Rayleigh scattering pump light that second adjustable light wave-filter filters out is converted to electric signal by the second photodetector again
Enter into data collecting card, the detection plain edge band signal that another way is filtered out through third adjustable light wave-filter is by third photodetection
Device is converted to electric signal and is input in data collecting card；Collected data are input in computer, detect light by calculating
Sideband signals and reference signal obtain the strain of different location and temperature information on sensor fibre；And by calculating detection light
Relationship between the frequency and modulating frequency of sideband signals can determine the brillouin gain spectrum of optical fiber, obtain on sensor fibre not
Strain and temperature information with position.
It is of the present invention a kind of based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain point compared with existing distributed optical fiber sensing system
The sensing device of parser and having the advantages that for method
One, compared with prior art, the present invention is led to as detectable signal with ultra wide band spectrum using super continuous spectrums laser
Cross the position that signal is obtained to the related computing of signal light and local reference light；Effectively improve the reliability of sensor
And stability, spatial resolution is adjustable, and up to grade.
Two, the present invention can break through distance sensing limitation problem caused by conventional light source output power deficiency, and conventional light source must
Light source power must be amplified using EDFA image intensifer, and this device easily introduces ASE noise, and signal-to-noise ratio is caused to decline, and gives
System increases certain uncertain factor；And super continuum source itself has that output power is very big, can effectively solve existing cloth
In deep light when domain system Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques in the problem of measuring extra long distance.
Three, present system is super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer, and the signal-to-noise ratio of system is mainly by detection arteries and veins
It washes off and is determined with continuous pumping light power；For optical fiber under the premise of stimulated Brillouin scattering does not occur, the power of two-way is bigger, letter
It makes an uproar than better.Signal-to-noise ratio is the important parameter of BOTDA, it determines the dynamic range and measurement accuracy of system.In addition increase flat
Equal pendulous frequency also improves system signal noise ratio to a certain extent, but this is in certain average time, is more than certain number
The space that signal-to-noise ratio is not just promoted substantially, there are also systematic survey number is more, the time of consuming is more, therefore super continuous spectrums exist
Lifting system signal-to-noise ratio can all have certain advantage at above-mentioned two aspect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
In figure, 1- super continuum source, the first adjustable light wave-filter of 2-, first fiber coupler of 3-1 × 2,4- first
Polarization Controller, 5- microwave signal source, the first high-speed electro-optic modulator of 6-, the first image intensifer of 7-, 8- light scrambler, 9- light every
From device, 10- sensor fibre, the second Polarization Controller of 11-, the second high-speed electro-optic modulator of 12-, 13- impulse generator, 14-1 ×
2 second fiber couplers, the second image intensifer of 15-, 16- optical circulator, 17- third image intensifer, the third optical fiber coupling of 18-1 × 2
Clutch, the second adjustable light wave-filter of 19-, 20- third adjustable light wave-filter, the first photodetector of 21-, the second light of 22-
Electric explorer, 23- third photodetector, 24- data collecting card, 25- computer.
Specific embodiment
A kind of sensing device based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer, including super continuum source 1, first can
2,1 × 2 first fiber coupler 3 of tuned light wave filter, the first Polarization Controller 4, microwave signal source 5, the first high speed electro-optical tune
Device 6 processed, the first image intensifer 7, light scrambler 8, optoisolator 9, sensor fibre 10, second the 11, second high speed of Polarization Controller
Electrooptic modulator 12,13,1 × 2 second fiber coupler 14 of impulse generator, the second image intensifer 15, optical circulator 16, third
Image intensifer 17,1 × 2 third fiber coupler 18, the second adjustable light wave-filter 19, third adjustable light wave-filter 20,
One photodetector 21, the second photodetector 22, third photodetector 23, data collecting card 24, computer 25.
Wherein, the exit end of super continuum source 1 is connect with the incidence end of the first adjustable light wave-filter 2；First is adjustable
The exit end of humorous optical filter 2 is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 3；
First exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 3 passes through the incidence of single-mode fiber jumper and the first Polarization Controller 4
End is connected, and the exit end of the first Polarization Controller 4 is connect with the incidence end of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator 6；First high speed electricity
The exit end of optical modulator 6 is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of the first image intensifer 7；The letter of microwave signal source 5
Number output end is connect by coaxial cable for high frequency with the rf inputs of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator 6；First image intensifer 7
Incidence end is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with 8 incidence end of light scrambler；The exit end of light scrambler 8 passes through single-mode fiber jumper
It is connect with the incidence end of optoisolator 9；The exit end of optoisolator 9 passes through the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and sensor fibre 10
Connection；The exit end of sensor fibre 10 is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the reflection end of optical circulator 16；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 3 passes through the incidence of single-mode fiber jumper and the second Polarization Controller 11
End connection；The exit end of second Polarization Controller 11 passes through the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and the second high-speed electro-optic modulator 12
Connection；The exit end of second high-speed electro-optic modulator 12 passes through the incidence of single-mode fiber jumper and 1 × 2 second fiber couplers 14
End connection；The signal output end of impulse generator 13 is defeated by the radio frequency of coaxial cable for high frequency and the second high-speed electro-optic modulator 12
Enter end connection；
First exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers 14 passes through the incidence of single-mode fiber jumper and the second image intensifer 15
End connection；The exit end of second image intensifer 15 is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of optical circulator 16；Ring of light row
The exit end of device 16 is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of third image intensifer 17；The outgoing of third image intensifer 17
End is connect with 1 × 2 third fiber coupler, 18 incidence end；
1 × 2 exit end of third fiber coupler 18 first is connect with the incidence end of the second adjustable light wave-filter 19；Second can
19 exit end of tuned light wave filter is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of the second photodetector 22；Second photoelectricity is visited
The exit end for surveying device 22 is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with 24 first signal input part of data collecting card；
1 × 2 exit end of third fiber coupler 18 second is connect with the incidence end of third adjustable light wave-filter 20；Third can
20 exit end of tuned light wave filter is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of third photodetector 23；Third photoelectricity is visited
The exit end for surveying device 23 is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with 24 second signal input terminal of data collecting card；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers 14 passes through a single-mode fiber jumper and the first photodetector 21
Incidence end connection；The exit end of first photodetector 21 is defeated by single-mode fiber jumper and 24 third signal of data collecting card
Enter end connection；The signal output end of data collecting card 24 is connect with the signal input part of computer 25.
A kind of method for sensing based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer, is realized using following steps:
The laser signal that super continuum source 1 issues selects the spectrum of appropriate bandwidth by the first adjustable light wave-filter 2, then
First adjustable light wave-filter 2 divides through 1 × 2 first fiber couplers 3 for two-way: first via super continuous spectrums optical signal is as detection
Optical signal, the second road super continuous spectrums optical signal is as pump light signals；Detection optical signal first passes around the choosing of the first Polarization Controller 4
Suitable polarization state is selected, laser passes through high-speed electro-optic modulator 6, and the sinusoidal signal modulation exported by microwave signal source 5, makes
The frequency displacement of plain edge band signal must be detected close to Brillouin shift, then successively through the first image intensifer 7, light scrambler 8, light every
Amplified from device 9, disturb partially, isolation after enter sensor fibre 10；Pump light signals first pass through the selection of the second Polarization Controller 11
Suitable polarization state, optical signal is using high-speed electro-optic modulator 12, and the pulse signal tune exported by impulse generator 13
System, then through 1 × 2 second fiber couplers 14, the second image intensifer 15,16 beam splitting of optical circulator, amplification, go in ring after enter biography
Photosensitive fine 10；
For pump light after pulse modulated by after 1 × 2 second fiber coupler, 14 beam splitting, a branch of conduct pump light enters sense light
Fibre 10, as described in step 1, another Shu Zuowei reference light is converted to electric signal through the first photodetector 21, then adopts through data
After truck 24 acquires, it is input in computer 25；
Detection plain edge band signal and the pump light signals being pulse modulation meet at a certain position in sensor fibre 10, pass through
The frequency for adjusting detection plain edge band signal makes to detect optical frequency offset close to Brillouin shift, when excited Brillouin occurs for optical fiber
When scattering, detection plain edge band signal will be amplified；When frequency is exactly equal to Brillouin shift amount, detection of optical power amplitude letter
Number maximum；When stimulated Brillouin scattering occurs for optical fiber, pump light can also generate backward Rayleigh scattering optical signal；When after Xiang Ruili
The pump light of scattering is after the output of the exit end of optical circulator 16, by again by calculating after pump light to Rayleigh scattering signal
Correlation function and Fourier transformation between reference signal, so that it may determine the position signal of fiber optic temperature or strain；?
Pump light, amplification detection plain edge band signal is after the output of the exit end of optical circulator 16, then amplifies through third image intensifer 17 and believe
Number, into 1 × 2 third fiber coupler 18 be divided into two-way, filter out backward Rayleigh through the second adjustable light wave-filter 19 all the way
Scattered light signal；The backward Rayleigh scattering pump light filtered out through the second adjustable light wave-filter 19 is again by the second photodetector
22, which are converted to electric signal, is input in data collecting card 24, the detection plain edge that another way is filtered out through third adjustable light wave-filter 20
Band signal is converted to electric signal by third photodetector 23 and is input in data collecting card 24；Collected data are input to
In computer 25, by calculating detection plain edge band signal and reference signal, obtain on sensor fibre 10 strain of different location and
Temperature information；And the relationship between frequency and modulating frequency by calculating detection plain edge band signal can determine the cloth of optical fiber
In deep gain spectral, obtain the strain of different location and temperature information on sensor fibre 10.
When it is implemented, light source be made of 1455nm quasi c. w. Raman fiber lasers and 16km true wave fiber it is super continuous
Light source 1 is composed, which has zero-dispersion wavelength, chromatic dispersion gradient 0.045ps/nm at 1440nm2/km.The pump light
Under the anomalous dispersion state of true wave fiber, by modulational instability, the combination of stimulated Raman scattering and four-wave mixing can be with
Realize the generation of modulational instability and super continuum source.When pump power reaches 0.95W, it can generate and expand to 1550nm
The spectral components in region.When pump power increases to 1.48W, the spectral bandwidth of generation is maximum, i.e., the 141nm within the scope of 10dB,
Spectral bandwidth is up to 29.328THz；It is laser signal according to formula Lc=c/(π n Δ f), Lc because spectral width is tunable
Coherence length, coherence length is related with spectral width, and spatial resolution is equal to the coherence length of laser signal again.Wherein c=
3x108M/s is the light velocity, and n=1.5 are optical fibre refractivity, and Δ f is the spectrum width of spectrum.It is filtered by the second adjustable light wave-filter 2
When output bandwidth is the laser of 63.7GHz, spatial resolution is up to 1mm.Super continuum source is filtered by the first tunable optical
Device 2 selects central wavelength for 1550nm.The coupling ratio of 1 × 2 first fiber coupler, 3,1 × 2 second fiber coupler 14 is 50:
50.First high-speed electro-optic modulator 6, the second high-speed electro-optic modulator 12 use LN81S-FC type intensity modulator.Microwave signal
Source 5 uses Model-SNP1012-520-01 type microwave signal source.Impulse generator 13 is sent out using HP 8015A type pulse signal
Raw device.First image intensifer 7, the second image intensifer 15, third image intensifer 17 use erbium-doped fiber amplifier or semiconductor light
Amplifier.Second adjustable light wave-filter 18 uses XTM-50 type wavelength and bandwidth adjustable light wave-filter.Sensor fibre uses
G.652 serial single mode optical fiber or G.655 single mode optical fiber, the length is 300km.
Compared to more traditional Brillouin optical time domain analysis technology, the dynamic range of BOTDA is can be enhanced in the present invention, increases light
Fine measurement distance and raising System spatial resolution；And it is mono- to solve tradition BOTDA using opposite detection optical signal for the present apparatus
Road signal, with the increase of fiber distance, power can gradually be depleted, the limited problem of detection range；The present invention is connected using super
Continuous spectrum light source, has relative to the broader spectral region of tunable laser.It can cooperate optical filter generation wavelength that can reconcile
The variable tunable laser of spatial resolution.The present invention also solves laser of narrowband as pump light source using super continuum source
The limited measurement distance of device, enhances the stability of system.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of sensing device based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer, it is characterised in that: including super continuous spectrums light
Source (1), the first adjustable light wave-filter (2), 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (3), the first Polarization Controller (4), microwave signal
Source (5), the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (6), the first image intensifer (7), light scrambler (8), optoisolator (9), sensor fibre
(10), the second Polarization Controller (11), the second high-speed electro-optic modulator (12), impulse generator (13), 1 × 2 second optical fiber couplings
Clutch (14), the second image intensifer (15), optical circulator (16), third image intensifer (17), 1 × 2 third fiber coupler
(18), the second adjustable light wave-filter (19), third adjustable light wave-filter (20), the first photodetector (21), the second light
Electric explorer (22), third photodetector (23), data collecting card (24), computer (25)；
Wherein, the exit end of super continuum source (1) is connect with the incidence end of the first adjustable light wave-filter (2)；First is adjustable
The exit end of humorous optical filter (2) is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (3)；
First exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (3) passes through single-mode fiber jumper and the first Polarization Controller (4)
Incidence end is connected, and the exit end of the first Polarization Controller (4) is connect with the incidence end of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (6)；The
The exit end of one high-speed electro-optic modulator (6) is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of the first image intensifer (7)；Microwave
The signal output end of signal source (5) is connect by coaxial cable for high frequency with the rf inputs of the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (6)；
The incidence end of first image intensifer (7) is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with light scrambler (8) incidence end；Light scrambler (8)
Exit end is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of optoisolator (9)；The exit end of optoisolator (9) passes through single-mode optics
Fine wire jumper is connect with the incidence end of sensor fibre (10)；The exit end of sensor fibre (10) passes through single-mode fiber jumper and ring of light row
The reflection end of device (16) connects；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (3) passes through single-mode fiber jumper and the second Polarization Controller (11)
Incidence end connection；The exit end of second Polarization Controller (11) passes through single-mode fiber jumper and the second high-speed electro-optic modulator (12)
Incidence end connection；The exit end of second high-speed electro-optic modulator (12) passes through single-mode fiber jumper and 1 × 2 second fiber couplings
The incidence end of device (14) connects；The signal output end of impulse generator (13) passes through coaxial cable for high frequency and the second high speed electro-optical tune
The rf inputs of device (12) processed connect；
First exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers (14) passes through single-mode fiber jumper and the second image intensifer (15)
Incidence end connection；The exit end of second image intensifer (15) is connected by the incidence end of single-mode fiber jumper and optical circulator (16)
It connects；The exit end of optical circulator (16) is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of third image intensifer (17)；Third light
The exit end of amplifier (17) is connect with 1 × 2 third fiber coupler (18) incidence end；
1 × 2 exit end of third fiber coupler (18) first is connect with the incidence end of the second adjustable light wave-filter (19)；The
Two adjustable light wave-filters (19) exit end is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of the second photodetector (22)；The
The exit end of two photodetectors (22) is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with (24) first signal input part of data collecting card；
1 × 2 exit end of third fiber coupler (18) second is connect with the incidence end of third adjustable light wave-filter (20)；The
Three adjustable light wave-filters (20) exit end is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with the incidence end of third photodetector (23)；The
The exit end of three photodetectors (23) is connect by single-mode fiber jumper with data collecting card (24) second signal input terminal；
Second exit end of 1 × 2 second fiber couplers (14) passes through a single-mode fiber jumper and the first photodetector
(21) incidence end connection；The exit end of first photodetector (21) passes through single-mode fiber jumper and data collecting card (24) the
The connection of three signal input parts；The signal output end of data collecting card (24) is connect with the signal input part of computer (25).
2. a kind of method for sensing based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer, this method is as described in claim 1
It is realized in a kind of sensing device based on super continuous spectrums Brillouin light time domain analyzer, it is characterised in that: this method is using such as
Lower step is realized:
The laser signal that super continuum source (1) issues selects the spectrum of appropriate bandwidth by the first adjustable light wave-filter (2),
Then the first adjustable light wave-filter (2) is divided into two-way through 1 × 2 first fiber couplers (3): first via super continuous spectrums optical signal
As detection optical signal, the second road super continuous spectrums optical signal is as pump light signals；Detection optical signal first passes around the first polarization
Controller (4) selects suitable polarization state, and laser passes through the first high-speed electro-optic modulator (6), and defeated by microwave signal source (5)
Sinusoidal signal modulation out, so that then the frequency displacement of detection plain edge band signal is successively put through the first light close to Brillouin shift
Big device (7), light scrambler (8), optoisolator (9) amplify, disturbs partially, after isolation enter sensor fibre (10)；Pump light letter
Number first pass through the second Polarization Controller (11) and select suitable polarization state, optical signal using high-speed electro-optic modulator (12),
And the pulse signal modulation exported by impulse generator (13), then through 1 × 2 second fiber couplers (14), the second light amplification
Device (15), optical circulator (16) beam splitting, amplification, go in ring after enter sensor fibre (10)；
For pump light after pulse modulated by after 1 × 2 second fiber coupler (14) beam splitting, a branch of conduct pump light enters sensing
Optical fiber (10), as described in step 1, another Shu Zuowei reference light is converted to electric signal through the first photodetector (21), then passes through
After data collecting card (24) acquisition, it is input in computer (25)；
Detection plain edge band signal and the pump light signals being pulse modulation are met at a certain position in sensor fibre (10), are led to
The frequency for overregulating detection plain edge band signal makes to detect optical frequency offset close to Brillouin shift, when optical fiber is excited in cloth
When the scattering of deep pool, detection plain edge band signal will be amplified；When frequency is exactly equal to Brillouin shift amount, detection of optical power amplitude
Signal is maximum；When stimulated Brillouin scattering occurs for optical fiber, pump light can also generate backward Rayleigh scattering optical signal；When after Xiang Rui
The pump light of benefit scattering is after the output of the exit end of optical circulator (16), by again by calculating after pump light to Rayleigh scattering
Correlation function and Fourier transformation between signal and reference signal, so that it may determine the position letter of fiber optic temperature or strain
Number；In pump light, amplification detection plain edge band signal after the output of the exit end of optical circulator (16), then through third image intensifer
(17) amplified signal, into 1 × 2 third fiber coupler (18) be divided into two-way, all the way through the second adjustable light wave-filter (19)
Filter out backward Rayleigh scattering optical signal；The backward Rayleigh scattering pump light filtered out through the second adjustable light wave-filter (19) is again
It is converted to electric signal by the second photodetector (22) to be input in data collecting card (24), another way is filtered through third tunable optical
The detection plain edge band signal that wave device (20) filters out is converted to electric signal by third photodetector (23) and is input to data collecting card
(24) in；Collected data are input in computer (25), by calculating detection plain edge band signal and reference signal, are obtained
The strain of different location and temperature information on sensor fibre (10)；And pass through the frequency and modulation for calculating detection plain edge band signal
Relationship between frequency can determine the brillouin gain spectrum of optical fiber, obtain the strain and temperature of different location on sensor fibre (10)
Spend information.
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