CN203310428U - Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection - Google Patents
Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN203310428U CN203310428U CN201320371255XU CN201320371255U CN203310428U CN 203310428 U CN203310428 U CN 203310428U CN 201320371255X U CN201320371255X U CN 201320371255XU CN 201320371255 U CN201320371255 U CN 201320371255U CN 203310428 U CN203310428 U CN 203310428U
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Abstract
Provided is a distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection. The distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system comprises a pump laser and couplers. Lasers emitted by the pump laser are divided into two routes of probe light through the first coupler. The first route of probe light enters a Brillouin optical fiber annular laser device of a lower arm light path, and output Brillouin lasers serve as local oscillation light. The second route of probe light enters a distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor of an upper arm light path, and obtained backward Brillouin signal light with temperature and strain information serves as scattered light. After frequency mixing is conducted on the Brillouin signal light and the Brillouin lasers through the second coupler, the Brillouin signal light and the Brillouin lasers are connected to a photo-electric detector to undergo photo-electric conversion. The distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on the coherent detection has the advantages that high nonlinearity optical fibers are adopted in the Brillouin optical fiber annular laser device, the output Brillouin lasers are small in line width and stable in frequency, and sensing precision is increased; the distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor can measure temperature and strain signals at the same time, and therefore, high-frequency detection is converted to low-frequency detection, cost is greatly saved, and system complexity is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to sensory field of optic fibre, is specifically related to a kind of based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected.
Background technology
Distributed fiberoptic sensor is based on a kind of sensing mode of the principle of measuring the scattered light produced when light wave is propagated in optical fiber.Distributed fiberoptic sensor is compared and is had more advantage with traditional method for sensing, and main manifestations is for can obtain simultaneously measured space distribution state and time dependent information; Can on whole fiber lengths, carry out continuous coverage to the environmental parameter along fiber distribution; In theory can be using measured function as fiber position length, thus the resolution of arbitrary size obtained; Can replace with an optical fiber array of the sensor of traditional hundreds of dot matrix formation; Can replace the Complex Electrical System formed by many cables and control center at different levels by optical fiber and simple controller.
Optical fiber sensing technology based on the BOTDR technology is to grow up on traditional OTDR basis, in the OTDR system, one end of light pulse injection fibre system, Rayleigh scattering light dorsad in optical fiber is as the function of time, while is with the information of optical fiber temperature/Strain Distribution along the line, time delay between scattered light and pulsed light provides the measurement to the positional information of optical fiber, and the scattering light intensity provides the measurement to the decay of optical fiber.In BOTDR, due to Brillouin scattering, be subjected to the impact of temperature and strain, therefore by measuring Brillouin scattering, just can obtain temperature and strain information.
Brillouin optical fiber laser is that optical fiber is placed in resonator cavity, utilizes the brillouin gain of optical fiber and lasing.Brillouin fiber ring laser has the advantages such as narrow linewidth, frequency stabilization, gain direction sensitivity, is therefore the focus that people study always.Traditional BOTDR adopts pump light as local oscillator light, and the signal frequency after beat frequency is the 11GHz left and right, and bandwidth and the sensitivity of photodetector has all been proposed to very high requirement, has increased detection difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is, for bandwidth and sensitivity in existing distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system, detect and have the above-mentioned deficiency that detection difficulty is high, provide a kind of based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, Brillouin laser line width, the frequency stabilization of output, increase sensing accuracy.
The utility model is to solve the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme adopted to be:
A kind of based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, comprise pump laser and coupling mechanism, the laser that pump laser sends is divided into two-way through coupling mechanism and surveys light, the first via is surveyed light and is entered in the brillouin fiber ring laser of underarm light path, and the Brillouin laser of brillouin fiber ring laser output is as local oscillator light; The second tunnel is surveyed light and is entered in the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor of upper arm light path, obtains containing the flashlight of Brillouin dorsad of temperature and strain information as scattered light; Brillouin's flashlight (scattered light) of described upper arm light path is undertaken being connected to photodetector after mixing by the second photo-coupler with the Brillouin laser (local oscillator light) of underarm light path, carry out opto-electronic conversion, extract the temperature and the strain information that contain on optical fiber link, measure when realizing length apart from temperature and stress.
Press such scheme, described brillouin fiber ring laser comprises the first optical circulator, highly nonlinear optical fiber, the first photo-coupler and Polarization Controller, and the described first via is surveyed light from the A of the first optical circulator port, enters brillouin fiber ring laser; One end of described highly nonlinear optical fiber is connected with the B port of the first optical circulator, and the other end is connected to coupling mechanism; The C port of described the first optical circulator also is connected to the first photo-coupler by Polarization Controller; The second photo-coupler is exported and entered to the Brillouin laser that brillouin fiber ring laser produces from the first photo-coupler.
Press such scheme, described distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor comprises electrooptic modulator, the EDFA be connected successively, optical filter, the second optical circulator and single mode sensor fibre, described the second tunnel is surveyed light and is modulated to pulse signal through electrooptic modulator, uses EDFA to amplify, and after optical filter filtering ASE noise, through the B of the second optical circulator port, enter the single mode sensor fibre, obtain containing Brillouin's flashlight (Brillouin scattering dorsad) of temperature and strain information; Simultaneously, the C port of the second optical circulator is connected with described the second photo-coupler, and the second photo-coupler is exported and entered to Brillouin's flashlight that distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor produces by the C port of the second optical circulator.
Press such scheme, this distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system also comprises the electric spectrometer be connected with photodetector, and described electric spectrometer is for showing resulting temperature and strain information.
Press such scheme, described pump laser is Distributed Feedback Laser, be used to being respectively brillouin fiber ring laser and distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor provides pump light.
Press such scheme, Brillouin's flashlight of described upper arm light path and the Brillouin laser of underarm light path carry out frequency range after mixing in the frequency range of 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz(difference frequency signal by the second photo-coupler (12)).
The brillouin fiber ring laser that the utility model provides, adopt one section linear optical fiber that soars as gain media, and without media such as Er-doped fiber or semiconductor optical amplifiers, the length of highly nonlinear optical fiber is shorter, and this will make whole equipment comparatively easily integrated, use the nonlinear effect in optical fiber---excited Brillouin gain amplifying optical signals, principle according to the excited Brillouin gain, its excited Brillouin gain amplifying optical signals only occurs in dorsad, so when the A of the first optical circulator port input pumping light, at the B of the first optical circulator port, obtain brillouin scattering signal dorsad, the brillouin scattering signal of B port output causes that the excited Brillouin gain in highly nonlinear optical fiber is further amplified, from the C port, export, reenter in brillouin fiber ring laser, as the seed light of amplifying next time, again from the B port, export, above process repeats, and when brillouin fiber ring laser shakes at first, the excited Brillouin gain signal often turns around and all is exaggerated, when the process regular hour, when the gain of pump light equaled loss, brillouin fiber ring laser reached a stable state, simultaneously in brillouin fiber ring laser, add a Polarization Controller, control its polarization state, make the more stable work of brillouin fiber ring laser, because the one direction of the first optical circulator in brillouin fiber ring laser is passed through characteristic, therefore also just limited the generation of second order excited Brillouin gain, and the live width compression due to stimulated Brillouin scattering, make brillouin fiber ring laser produce stable, light signal narrow linewidth, live width, much smaller than the live width of original pump laser, meets very many-sided application.
The brillouin fiber ring laser that the utility model provides is by the first photo-coupler Output of laser, this first photo-coupler is the ordinary optic fibre coupling mechanism, the coupling ratio of the first photo-coupler can swash the needs of penetrating condition and output power according to practical laser and select, under the prerequisite that guarantees the Brillouin optical fiber laser steady operation, adopt different coupling ratios, to regulate the output power of brillouin fiber ring laser.
In the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor that the utility model provides, modulator is modulated into continuous remaining pump light the pulse signal of the rectangle of certain intervals; The pulse interval of modulators modulate is decided by the length of single mode sensor fibre; The pulse width size of modulation has determined the size of distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor spatial resolution; The extinction ratio of modulator has a great impact the performance of system; Therefore, the choose reasonable modulator, and it is great to set the rational modulation parameter meaning.
Flashlight through modulators modulate is inputted from the A port of the second optical circulator, and enters the single mode sensor fibre from the output of B port.Because spontaneous brillouin scattering signal occurs in dorsad, therefore containing Brillouin's flashlight of temperature and strain information in the single mode sensor fibre just inputs from the B port of the second optical circulator, from the output of C port, its transducing signal, with respect to detectable signal, the frequency displacement relevant with temperature and strain occurred and intensity changes.
The utility model will and be inputted photodetector from the Brillouin laser (local oscillator light) of exporting brillouin fiber ring laser by the second photo-coupler simultaneously from the Brillouin's flashlight (scattered light) that contains temperature and strain of the C port output of the second optical circulator of distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor, due to scattered light, local oscillator light both passes through Brillouin shift, by the second photo-coupler, undertaken interfering after mixing, produce and frequency and difference frequency signal, the responsive bandwidth that has surpassed photodetector due to the frequency with the frequency signal, therefore in photodetector, can only receive difference frequency signal, the frequency range of difference frequency signal is at 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz, only need the low-frequency acquisition device just can well detect transducing signal, through the signal of electric spectrometer, process again, just can analyze the temperature and the strain information that wherein comprise, and according to the time that pulsed light is input to detector, determine the positional information of occurrence temperature and STRESS VARIATION.
The beneficial effect that the utility model compared with prior art has:
1, the utility model provides a kind of brillouin fiber ring laser, lower to the linewidth requirements of pump laser, and general Distributed Feedback Laser just can meet the demands preferably, and the device of use is simple;
2, adopt highly nonlinear optical fiber to produce Laser output, utilize Polarization Controller, make the Brillouin laser line width, stable of output, the frequency of last difference frequency signal is 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz, greatly reduced detection difficulty, the Brillouin laser of narrow linewidth has also increased the precision of sensing simultaneously as local oscillator light;
3, common single mode sensor fibre just can be used as gain media, does not need expensive Er-doped fiber;
4, use the characteristic of the frequency displacement of Brillouin optical fiber laser, make high-frequency detection be converted to low-frequency acquisition, thereby do not need the but optics frequency-shift equipment of less stable of expensive high-frequency photodetector or complex structure, greatly saved cost, and reduced the complexity of system.
5, the electric spectrometer received due to extrapolation, realize along the temperature of the long range distribution of optical fiber and high resolving power, the while sensor measuring of strain information.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is general structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
In figure, 1-pump laser, 2-coupling mechanism, the 3-modulator, 4-EDFA, 5-optical filter, 6-the second optical circulator, 7-single mode sensor fibre, 8-the first optical circulator, the 9-highly nonlinear optical fiber, 10-the first photo-coupler, 11-Polarization Controller, 12-the second photo-coupler, the 13-photodetector, 14-electricity spectrometer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the technical solution of the utility model is described further.
With reference to shown in Figure 1, described in the utility model based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, comprise pump laser 1 and coupling mechanism 2, the laser that pump laser 1 sends is divided into two-way through coupling mechanism 2 and surveys light, the first via is surveyed light and is entered in the brillouin fiber ring laser of underarm light path, and the Brillouin laser of brillouin fiber ring laser output is as local oscillator light; The second tunnel is surveyed light and is entered in the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor of upper arm light path, obtains containing the flashlight of Brillouin dorsad of temperature and strain information as scattered light; Brillouin's flashlight (scattered light) of described upper arm light path is undertaken being connected to photodetector 13 after mixing by the second photo-coupler 12 with the Brillouin laser (local oscillator light) of underarm light path, carry out opto-electronic conversion, extract the temperature and the strain information that contain on optical fiber link, measure when realizing length apart from temperature and stress.
Described brillouin fiber ring laser comprises the first optical circulator 8, highly nonlinear optical fiber 9, the first photo-coupler 10 and Polarization Controller 11, and the described first via is surveyed the A port of light from the first optical circulator 8, enters brillouin fiber ring laser; One end of described highly nonlinear optical fiber 9 is connected with the B port of the first optical circulator 8, and the other end is connected to coupling mechanism 10; The C port of described the first optical circulator 8 also is connected to the first photo-coupler 10 by Polarization Controller 11; The second photo-coupler 12 is exported and entered to the Brillouin laser that brillouin fiber ring laser produces from the first photo-coupler 10.
Described distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor comprises electrooptic modulator 3, the EDFA4 be connected successively, optical filter 5, the second optical circulator 6 and single mode sensor fibre 7, described the second tunnel is surveyed light and is modulated to pulse signal through electrooptic modulator 3, use EDFA4 to amplify, and, after optical filter 5 filtering ASE noises, enter single mode sensor fibre 7 through the B port of the second optical circulator 6, obtain containing Brillouin's flashlight (Brillouin scattering dorsad) of temperature and strain information; Simultaneously, the C port of the second optical circulator 6 is connected with described the second photo-coupler 12, and the second photo-coupler 12 is exported and entered to Brillouin's flashlight that distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor produces by the C port of the second optical circulator 6.
This distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system also comprises the electric spectrometer 14 be connected with photodetector 13, and described electric spectrometer 14 is be used to showing resulting temperature and strain information.
Described pump laser 1 is Distributed Feedback Laser, be used to being respectively brillouin fiber ring laser and distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor provides pump light.
The brillouin fiber ring laser that the utility model provides, adopt one section linear optical fiber 9 that soars as gain media, and without media such as Er-doped fiber or semiconductor optical amplifiers, the length of highly nonlinear optical fiber 9 is shorter, and this will make whole equipment comparatively easily integrated, use the nonlinear effect in optical fiber---excited Brillouin gain amplifying optical signals, principle according to the excited Brillouin gain, its excited Brillouin gain amplifying optical signals only occurs in dorsad, so when the A port input pumping light of the first optical circulator 8, B port at the first optical circulator 8 obtains brillouin scattering signal dorsad, the brillouin scattering signal of B port output causes that the excited Brillouin gain in highly nonlinear optical fiber 9 is further amplified, from the C port, export, reenter in brillouin fiber ring laser, as the seed light of amplifying next time, again from the B port, export, above process repeats, and when brillouin fiber ring laser shakes at first, the excited Brillouin gain signal often turns around and all is exaggerated, when the process regular hour, when the gain of pump light equaled loss, brillouin fiber ring laser reached a stable state, simultaneously in brillouin fiber ring laser, add a Polarization Controller 11, control its polarization state, make the more stable work of brillouin fiber ring laser, because the one direction of the first optical circulator 8 in brillouin fiber ring laser is passed through characteristic, therefore also just limited the generation of second order excited Brillouin gain, and the live width compression due to stimulated Brillouin scattering, make brillouin fiber ring laser produce stable, light signal narrow linewidth, live width, much smaller than the live width of original pump laser 1, meets very many-sided application.
The brillouin fiber ring laser that the utility model provides is by the first photo-coupler 10 Output of lasers, this first photo-coupler 10 is the ordinary optic fibre coupling mechanism, the coupling ratio of the first photo-coupler 10 can swash the needs of penetrating condition and output power according to practical laser and select, under the prerequisite that guarantees the Brillouin optical fiber laser steady operation, adopt different coupling ratios, to regulate the output power of brillouin fiber ring laser.
In the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor that the utility model provides, modulator 3 is modulated into continuous remaining pump light the pulse signal of the rectangle of certain intervals; The pulse interval of modulator 3 modulation is decided by the length of single mode sensor fibre 7; The pulse width size of modulation has determined the size of distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor spatial resolution; The extinction ratio of modulator has a great impact the performance of system; Therefore, the choose reasonable modulator, and it is great to set the rational modulation parameter meaning.
Flashlight through modulator 3 modulation is inputted from the A port of the second optical circulator 6, and enters single mode sensor fibre 7 from the output of B port.Because spontaneous brillouin scattering signal occurs in dorsad, therefore containing Brillouin's flashlight of temperature and strain information in single mode sensor fibre 7 just inputs from the B port of the second optical circulator 6, from the output of C port, its transducing signal, with respect to detectable signal, the frequency displacement relevant with temperature and strain occurred and intensity changes.
The utility model will and be inputted photodetector 13 from the Brillouin laser (local oscillator light) of exporting brillouin fiber ring laser by the second photo-coupler 12 simultaneously from the Brillouin's flashlight (scattered light) that contains temperature and strain of the C port output of the second optical circulator 6 of distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor, due to scattered light, local oscillator light both passes through Brillouin shift, by the second photo-coupler 12, undertaken interfering after mixing, produce and frequency and difference frequency signal, the responsive bandwidth that has surpassed photodetector 13 due to the frequency with the frequency signal, therefore in photodetector 13, can only receive difference frequency signal, the frequency range of difference frequency signal is at 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz, only need low-frequency acquisition device 13 just can well detect transducing signal, through the signal of electric spectrometer 14, process again, just can analyze the temperature and the strain information that wherein comprise, and according to the time that pulsed light is input to detector, determine the positional information of occurrence temperature and STRESS VARIATION.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not in order to limit the utility model; all any modifications of doing within spirit of the present utility model and principle, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. one kind based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, comprise pump laser (1) and coupling mechanism (2), it is characterized in that: the laser that pump laser (1) sends is divided into two-way through coupling mechanism (2) and surveys light, the first via is surveyed light and is entered in the brillouin fiber ring laser of underarm light path, and the Brillouin laser of brillouin fiber ring laser output is as local oscillator light; The second tunnel is surveyed light and is entered in the distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor of upper arm light path, obtains containing the flashlight of Brillouin dorsad of temperature and strain information as scattered light; Brillouin's flashlight of described upper arm light path and the Brillouin laser of underarm light path are undertaken being connected to photodetector (13) after mixing by the second photo-coupler (12).
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, it is characterized in that: described brillouin fiber ring laser comprises the first optical circulator (8), highly nonlinear optical fiber (9), the first photo-coupler (10) and Polarization Controller (11), the described first via is surveyed the A port of light from the first optical circulator (8), enters brillouin fiber ring laser; One end of described highly nonlinear optical fiber (9) is connected with the B port of the first optical circulator (8), and the other end is connected to coupling mechanism (10); The C port of described the first optical circulator (8) also is connected to the first photo-coupler (10) by Polarization Controller (11); The second photo-coupler (12) is exported and entered to the Brillouin laser that brillouin fiber ring laser produces from the first photo-coupler (10).
3. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, it is characterized in that: described distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor comprises the electrooptic modulator (3) be connected successively, EDFA(4), optical filter (5), the second optical circulator (6) and single mode sensor fibre (7), described the second tunnel is surveyed light and is modulated to pulse signal through electrooptic modulator (3), use EDFA(4) amplify, and after optical filter (5) filtering ASE noise, B port through the second optical circulator (6) enters single mode sensor fibre (7), obtain containing Brillouin's flashlight (Brillouin scattering dorsad) of temperature and strain information, simultaneously, the C port of the second optical circulator (6) is connected with described the second photo-coupler (12), and the second photo-coupler (12) is exported and entered to Brillouin's flashlight that distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor produces by the C port of the second optical circulator (6).
4. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, it is characterized in that: this distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system also comprises the electric spectrometer (14) be connected with photodetector (13), and described electric spectrometer (14) is be used to showing resulting temperature and strain information.
5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, it is characterized in that: described pump laser (1) is Distributed Feedback Laser, be used to being respectively brillouin fiber ring laser and distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor provides pump light.
6. as claimed in claim 1 based on the relevant distributed Brillouin light fiber sensor system detected, it is characterized in that: Brillouin's flashlight of described upper arm light path and the Brillouin laser of underarm light path carry out frequency range after mixing at 0.3 ~ 0.5GHz by the second photo-coupler (12).
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| CN103323041A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-09-25 | 武汉华之洋光电系统有限责任公司 | Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing system based on coherent detection |
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| CN109945903A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-06-28 | 安徽大学 | All optical fibre structure is adjustable chamber gain laser is from mixing vibration, displacement, velocity pick-up method and system |
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Address after: 430223 Hubei city of Wuhan province Wuhan East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Road No. 16 Patentee after: WUHAN HUAZHIYANG TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. Address before: 430223 Hubei city of Wuhan province Wuhan East Lake New Technology Development Zone, Road No. 16 Patentee before: WUHAN HUAZHIYANG OPTICAL SYSTEMS Co.,Ltd. |
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