CN103674110A - Distributed optical fiber temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin optical amplification detection - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin optical amplification detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a distributed optical fiber temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin optical amplification detection. The narrow-band Brillouin gain feature of a Brillouin gain optical fiber is used to detect the frequency shift of the Brillouin scattering light of a sensing optical fiber. The Brillouin scattering light and the frequency shift light input the Brillouin gain optical fiber from two ends. A narrow linewidth optical filter filters the stokes or anti-stokes sidebands of the Brillouin scattering light to perform photoelectric detection. An optical power control unit stably controls the power of the frequency shift light. When the frequency difference between the Brillouin scattering light and the frequency shift light equals to the Brillouin frequency shift of the Brillouin gain optical fiber, the strongest photoelectric detection signal is obtained, and detection of the Brillouin scattering light is achieved. The distributed optical fiber temperature strain sensor has the advantages that the frequency of photoelectric detection, circuit signal production and processing is lowered, technical difficulty and cost are lowered, flat frequency response feature is obtained by stable control of the frequency shift power, and precise detection of Brillouin scattering light frequency shift is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor, particularly a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection, belongs to fiber optic sensor technology field.
Background technology
Between the frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering producing when light is propagated in optical fiber and the temperature of optical fiber, strain, have good linearity, frequency displacement-temperature control is about 1.05MHz/ ℃, and frequency displacement-strain sensitivity is about 0.046MHz/ μ ε; By measuring the frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering that light pulse produces when the spread fiber, utilize light pulse propagation time delay to realize location simultaneously, can obtain temperature, strain information along optical fiber continuous distribution, form distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor.
Distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin scattering, directly adopt general single mode fiber as sensor information, there is the advantages such as anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI), essential safety, measuring distance reach tens of kms, obtain continuous temperature Strain Distribution information, equivalent measuring point is many, each equivalent measuring point average unit cost is low, in the monitoring of the large-scale civil engineerings such as communications optical cable, power cable, transportation pipe line, tunnel, foundation pile, bridge, dam and infrastructure, be with a wide range of applications.
The current distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin scattering, major programme has the technical scheme based on spontaneous brillouin scattering and domain reflectometer, be Brillouin light domain reflectometer (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer, BOTDR); And the technical scheme based on excited Brillouin gain and time-domain analysis, i.e. Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument (Brillouin optical time-domain analysis, BOTDA).Wherein Brillouin light domain reflectometer only need to adopt an optical fiber can realize measurement, does not need optical fiber to carry out special processing, and on-the-spot layout difficulty is lower, and can utilize easily the optical fiber having laid to measure.
The spontaneous brillouin scattering light of Brillouin light domain reflectometer is very faint, about nW magnitude; In order to detect the frequency displacement of faint spontaneous brillouin scattering light, conventionally need to adopt optical heterodyne coherent detection technology, utilize powerful local oscillator light and Brillouin's reflected light to superpose to produce stronger beat signal.But Brillouin scattering is with respect to the frequency displacement～11GHz of incident light, need to adopt band be wider than 10GHz balance photo-detector, carry out the measurement that microwave down coversion and electric signal frequency spectrum detection realize Brillouin scattering optical frequency shift, (referring to patent US6700655B2, Optical Fiber Characteristic Measuring Device) as shown in Figure 1; Or adopt optics shift frequency unit paired pulses light or local oscillator light to carry out shift frequency, reduce the bandwidth of beat signal, (referring to patent US7504618B2, Distributed Sensing in an Optical Fiber Using Brillouin Scattering) as shown in Figure 2.This based on optical heterodyne relevant detect, the Brillouin light domain reflectometer scheme of microwave frequency conversion and frequency spectrum detection, the frequency that optical signal detection, signal are processed is up to～11GHz, device cost is high; Meanwhile, microwave down coversion and electric signal frequency spectrum detection circuit are difficult in wide frequency ranges, obtain smooth response, and are difficult to frequency response characteristic effectively to be calibrated, and are unfavorable for the Measurement accuracy of electric signal frequency spectrum and Brillouin scattering optical frequency shift.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is in order to overcome the distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor of the existing Brillouin light domain reflectometer scheme based on the relevant detection of optical heterodyne, microwave frequency conversion and electric signal frequency spectrum detection, need to adopt expensive microwave device, be difficult to obtain the problem of flat frequency response characteristic, propose a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection of the present invention, comprises light source, fiber coupler, light pulse modulating unit, the first image intensifer, the first optical circulator, sensor fibre, optics shift frequency unit, Polarization Controller, luminous power control module, the second optical circulator, brillouin gain optical fiber, narrow linewidth optical filter, photodetector, analog to digital converter and signal processing unit;
The light of light source output is divided into two-way through fiber coupler, the output light of the first output port of fiber coupler is modulated into light pulse through light pulse modulating unit, the light pulse that peak power is amplified is exported in light pulse after the first image intensifer, the input port of the first optical circulator is inputted in the light pulse that peak power is amplified, and then from the transmitted in both directions port of the first optical circulator, inputs sensor fibre; Light pulse is propagated the backward Brillouin scattering light producing and is inputted from the transmitted in both directions port of the first optical circulator in sensor fibre, then from the output port of the first optical circulator, input the second image intensifer, Brillouin scattering is inputted brillouin gain optical fiber after the second image intensifer amplifies; The output light of the second output port of fiber coupler is exported shift frequency light behind optics shift frequency unit, shift frequency light input polarization controller, the shift frequency light that Polarization Controller output polarization state is tuning, the stable power of controlling shift frequency light of luminous power control module, shift frequency light is inputted the input port of the second optical circulator, from the transmitted in both directions port input brillouin gain optical fiber of the second optical circulator; The Brillouin scattering of shift frequency light and sensor fibre is transmission in opposite directions in brillouin gain optical fiber; The Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre is input to narrow linewidth optical filter from the output port of the second optical circulator after by brillouin gain optical fiber, narrow linewidth optical filter leaches Stokes or the anti-Stokes sideband of Brillouin scattering, then inputs photodetector; Photodetector becomes electric signal by the intensity-conversion of the Stokes of Brillouin scattering or anti-Stokes sideband, and analog to digital converter converts the electric signal of photodetector output to digital signal and input signal processing unit is processed.
The shift frequency amount of optics shift frequency unit controls shift frequency light scans interior, utilize the arrowband brillouin gain characteristic of brillouin gain optical fiber, when the difference on the frequency of the Brillouin scattering of shift frequency light and sensor fibre drops within the scope of the brillouin gain of brillouin gain optical fiber, the Stokes sideband of the Brillouin scattering that shift frequency light is sensor fibre provides gain, and simultaneously the anti-Stokes sideband of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre provides gain for shift frequency light; When the difference on the frequency of the Brillouin scattering of shift frequency light and sensor fibre equals the Brillouin shift of brillouin gain optical fiber, the anti-Stokes sideband that the Stokes sideband of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre obtains the Brillouin scattering of maximum gain, sensor fibre obtains maximum decay, by difference between the frequency shift amount of shift frequency light and the Brillouin shift of brillouin gain optical fiber, obtained the frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre, thereby realize resolving of the measurement of frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre and temperature, strain signal.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection disclosed by the invention, utilize the arrowband brillouin gain characteristic of brillouin gain optical fiber to realize the detection of frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre, reduced the frequency that photodetection, circuit signal produce and process, avoid adopting expensive microwave section photodetector and microwave device, reduced technical difficulty and the cost of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor.
(2) a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection disclosed by the invention, by luminous power control module, obtain stable shift frequency luminous power, while making shift frequency light carry out frequency sweeping, Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum detection has flat frequency response characteristic, and the precision that is conducive to Brillouin scattering optical frequency shift detects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the existing distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor plan schematic diagram based on the relevant detection of optical heterodyne, microwave frequency conversion and electric signal frequency spectrum detection;
Fig. 2 is the existing distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor plan schematic diagram based on optics shift frequency, the relevant detection of optical heterodyne, microwave frequency conversion and electric signal frequency spectrum detection;
Fig. 3 is the composition schematic diagram of the distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the composition schematic diagram of narrow linewidth optical filter;
Fig. 5 utilizes Brillouin light to amplify to detect the schematic diagram of frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre;
Description of reference numerals:
1 ... light source,
2 ... light source driving circuit,
3 ... light source Drive and Control Circuit,
4 ... fiber coupler, 4i ... fiber coupler input port, 4t1 ... fiber coupler the first output port, 4t2 ... fiber coupler the second output port,
5 ... light pulse modulating unit,
6 ... image intensifer,
7 ... the first optical circulator, 7i ... the first optical circulator input port, 7ti ... the first optical circulator transmitted in both directions port, 7t ... the first optical circulator output port,
8 ... the joints of optical fibre,
9 ... sensor fibre, 9a ... sensor fibre end face,
10 ... the second fiber coupler, 10i1 ... the second fiber coupler first input end mouth, 10i2 ... second fiber coupler the second input port, 10t1 ... second fiber coupler the first output port, 10t2 ... second fiber coupler the second output port,
11 ... balance photo-detector,
12 ... electric signal amplifier,
13 ... frequency mixer,
14 ... electricity local oscillation signal circuit for generating,
15 ... electricity local oscillation signal control circuit,
16 ... low-pass filter,
17 ... the second electric signal amplifier,
18 ... signal processing unit,
19 ... electricity local oscillation signal,
20 ... bandpass filter,
21 ... electrical signal detection device,
22 ... optics shift frequency unit,
23 ... photodetector,
24 ... analog to digital converter,
25 ... the second image intensifer,
26 ... brillouin gain optical fiber,
27 ... the second optical circulator, 27i ... the second optical circulator input port, 27ti ... the second optical circulator transmitted in both directions port, 27t ... the second optical circulator output port,
28 ... Polarization Controller,
29 ... luminous power control module,
30 ... narrow linewidth optical filter, 30i ... narrow linewidth optical filter input port, 30i ... narrow linewidth optical filter output port,
31 ... the 3rd optical circulator, 31i ... the 3rd optical circulator input port, 31ti ... the 3rd optical circulator transmitted in both directions port, 31t ... the 3rd optical circulator output port,
32 ... narrow linewidth fiber grating filter,
33 ... temperature control unit,
34 ... the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre,
35 ... shift frequency light.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, a distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection, comprises light source 1, fiber coupler 4, light pulse modulating unit 5, the first image intensifer 6, the first optical circulator 7, sensor fibre 9, optics shift frequency unit 22, the second image intensifer 25, Polarization Controller 28, luminous power control module 29, the second optical circulator 27, brillouin gain optical fiber 26, narrow linewidth optical filter 30, photodetector 23, analog to digital converter 24 and signal processing unit 18;
The output of light source 1 meets the input port 4i of fiber coupler 4, the first output port 4t1 of fiber coupler 4 connects the input port of light pulse modulating unit 5, the output port of light pulse modulating unit 5 connects the input port of the first image intensifer 6, the output port of the first image intensifer 6 meets the input port 7i of the first optical circulator 7, the transmitted in both directions port 7ti of the first optical circulator 7 connects sensor fibre 9, the output port 7t of the first optical circulator 7 connects the input port of the second image intensifer 25, and the output port of the second image intensifer 25 connects brillouin gain optical fiber 26;
The second output port 4t2 of fiber coupler 4 connects the input port of optics shift frequency unit 22, the output port of optics shift frequency unit 22 connects the input port of Polarization Controller 28, the output port of Polarization Controller 28 connects the input port of luminous power control module 29, the output port of luminous power control module 29 meets the input port 27i of the second optical circulator 27, the transmitted in both directions port 27ti of the second optical circulator 27 connects brillouin gain optical fiber 26, the output port 27t of the second optical circulator 27 meets the input port 30i of narrow linewidth optical filter 30, the output port 30t of narrow linewidth optical filter 30 connects photodetector 23, the analog electrical signal of photodetector 23 outputs converts digital signal to by analog to digital converter 24, the digital signal input signal processing unit 18 of analog to digital converter 24 outputs, signal processing unit 18 completes measurement by digital signal processing.
As shown in Figure 4, narrow linewidth optical filter 30 comprises the 3rd optical circulator 31, narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32 and temperature control unit 33 to a kind of implementation of narrow linewidth optical filter 30;
The transmitted in both directions port 31ti of the 3rd optical circulator 31 is connected with narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32, the input port 31i of the 3rd optical circulator 31 is as the input port 30i of narrow linewidth optical filter 30, and the output port 31t of the 3rd optical circulator 31 is as the output port 30t of narrow linewidth optical filter 30; Narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32 keeps constant temperature by temperature control unit 33, has stable reflective spectral property; The typical live width of the reflectance spectrum of narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32 is less than 0.1nm, and the stable temperature control of temperature control unit 33 is better than 0.1 ℃, thereby makes the wavelength stability of the reflectance spectrum of narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32 be better than 1pm.
The light of light source 1 output is divided into two-way through fiber coupler 4, the output light of the first output port 4t1 of fiber coupler 4 is modulated into light pulse through light pulse modulating unit 5, the light pulse that peak power is amplified is exported in light pulse after the first image intensifer 6, the input port 7i of the first optical circulator 7 is inputted in the light pulse that peak power is amplified, and then from the transmitted in both directions port 7ti of the first optical circulator 7, inputs sensor fibre 9; Light pulse is propagated the backward Brillouin scattering light producing and is inputted from the transmitted in both directions port 7ti of the first optical circulator 7 in sensor fibre 9, then from the output port 7t of the first optical circulator 7, input the second image intensifer 25, Brillouin scattering is inputted brillouin gain optical fiber 26 after the second image intensifer 25 amplifies;
The output light of the second output port 4t2 of fiber coupler 4 is exported shift frequency light behind optics shift frequency unit 22, shift frequency light input polarization controller 28, the shift frequency light that Polarization Controller 28 output polarization states are tuning, the stable power of controlling shift frequency light of luminous power control module 29, shift frequency light is inputted the input port 27i of the second optical circulator 27, from the transmitted in both directions port 27ti input brillouin gain optical fiber 26 of the second optical circulator 27; The Brillouin scattering of shift frequency light and sensor fibre is transmission in opposite directions in brillouin gain optical fiber 26; The Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre is input to narrow linewidth optical filter 30 from the output port 27t of the second optical circulator 27 after by brillouin gain optical fiber 26, narrow linewidth optical filter 30 leaches Stokes or the anti-Stokes sideband of Brillouin scattering, then inputs photodetector 23; Photodetector 23 becomes analog electrical signal by the intensity-conversion of the Stokes of Brillouin scattering or anti-Stokes sideband, and analog to digital converter 24 converts the analog electrical signal of photodetector 23 outputs to digital signal and input signal processing unit 18 is measured processing.
As shown in Figure 5, light source 1 output light frequency is ν to the principle of input
0, the frequency of the shift frequency light 35 of input brillouin gain optical fiber is ν
0-ν
sor ν
0+ ν
s, the frequency of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre is ν
0-ν
bor ν
0+ ν
b, ν
bfor the Brillouin shift of sensor fibre 9, the frequency shift amount ν of shift frequency light 35 is controlled in optics shift frequency unit 22
swithin the scope of 100MHz-2GHz, scan; Utilize the arrowband brillouin gain characteristic of brillouin gain optical fiber 26, as the poor ν of the frequency of the frequency of shift frequency light 35 and the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre 34
b-ν
swhile dropping within the scope of the brillouin gain of brillouin gain optical fiber 26, the Stokes sideband ν of the Brillouin scattering 34 that shift frequency light 35 is sensor fibre
0-ν
bprovide gain, simultaneously the anti-Stokes sideband ν of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre
0+ ν
bfor shift frequency light 35 provides gain; Difference on the frequency ν when the Brillouin scattering 34 of shift frequency light 35 and sensor fibre
b-ν
sequal the Brillouin shift ν of brillouin gain optical fiber 26
b1time, the Stokes sideband ν of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre
0-ν
bobtain maximum gain, anti-Stokes sideband ν
0+ ν
bobtain maximum decay, by the frequency shift amount ν of shift frequency light 35
sbrillouin shift ν with brillouin gain optical fiber 26
b1sum ν
s+ ν
b1obtain the frequency displacement ν of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre
b, according to temperature-frequency displacement sensitivity coefficient of sensor fibre 9
strain-frequency displacement sensitivity coefficient
calculate temperature, the Strain Distribution of sensor fibre 9, the frequency displacement ν of the temperature T of sensor fibre 9 and the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre 34
brelational expression be
that sensor fibre 9 is in known calibration temperature T
0under Brillouin shift; The frequency displacement ν of the strain of sensor fibre 9 and the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre 34
brelational expression be
that sensor fibre 9 is in known calibration strain stress
0under Brillouin shift.
Luminous power control module 29 is controlled at the power swing of the shift frequency light 35 of input brillouin gain optical fiber to be less than 0.5%, thereby makes optics shift frequency unit 22 at the frequency shift amount ν that controls shift frequency light 35
swhile scanning, Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum detection obtains flat frequency response characteristic;
Luminous power control module 29 adopts the variable optical attenuator of optical power monitoring and FEEDBACK CONTROL.
Brillouin gain optical fiber 26 and sensor fibre 9 adopt two kinds of different optical fiber, the Brillouin shift ν of brillouin gain optical fiber 26
b1be less than the Brillouin shift ν of sensor fibre 9
b; Optical fiber system of selection is: brillouin gain optical fiber 26 adopts a TrueWave RS optical fiber for OFS company, and sensor fibre 9 adopts the SMF-28e optical fiber of Corning company.
Claims (6)
1. the distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection, is characterized in that: comprise light source, fiber coupler, light pulse modulating unit, the first image intensifer, the first optical circulator, sensor fibre, optics shift frequency unit, the second image intensifer, Polarization Controller, luminous power control module, the second optical circulator, brillouin gain optical fiber, narrow linewidth optical filter, photodetector, analog to digital converter and signal processing unit;
The output of light source connects the input port of fiber coupler, the first output port of fiber coupler connects the input port of light pulse modulating unit, the output port of light pulse modulating unit connects the input port of the first image intensifer, the output port of the first image intensifer connects the input port of the first optical circulator, the transmitted in both directions port of the first optical circulator connects sensor fibre, the output port of the first optical circulator connects the input port of the second image intensifer, and the output port of the second image intensifer connects brillouin gain optical fiber;
The second output port of fiber coupler connects the input port of optics shift frequency unit, the output port of optics shift frequency unit connects the input port of Polarization Controller, the output port of Polarization Controller connects the input port of luminous power control module, the output port of luminous power control module connects the input port of the second optical circulator, the transmitted in both directions port of the second optical circulator connects brillouin gain optical fiber, the output port of the second optical circulator connects the input port of narrow linewidth optical filter, the output port of narrow linewidth optical filter connects photodetector, the analog electrical signal of photodetector output converts digital signal to by analog to digital converter, the digital signal input signal processing unit of analog to digital converter output, signal processing unit completes measurement by digital signal processing.
2. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection according to claim 1, is characterized in that: narrow linewidth optical filter comprises the 3rd optical circulator, narrow linewidth fiber grating filter and temperature control unit;
The transmitted in both directions port of the 3rd optical circulator is connected with narrow linewidth fiber grating filter, the input port of the 3rd optical circulator is as the input port of narrow linewidth optical filter, and the output port of the 3rd optical circulator is as the output port of narrow linewidth optical filter; Narrow linewidth fiber grating filter keeps constant temperature by temperature control unit.
3. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the live width of the reflectance spectrum of narrow linewidth fiber grating filter is less than 0.1nm, the stable temperature control of temperature control unit is better than 0.1 ℃.
4. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection according to claim 1, is characterized in that: luminous power control module adopts the variable optical attenuator of optical power monitoring and FEEDBACK CONTROL.
5. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the Brillouin shift ν of brillouin gain optical fiber
b1be less than the Brillouin shift ν of sensor fibre
b.
6. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin light amplification detection according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: brillouin gain optical fiber adopts the TrueWave RS optical fiber of OFS company, sensor fibre adopts the SMF-28e optical fiber of Corning company.
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