CN103674110B - A kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection - Google Patents

A kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection Download PDF

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CN103674110B
CN103674110B CN201310611957.5A CN201310611957A CN103674110B CN 103674110 B CN103674110 B CN 103674110B CN 201310611957 A CN201310611957 A CN 201310611957A CN 103674110 B CN103674110 B CN 103674110B
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CN103674110A (en
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唐才杰
王巍
王学锋
崔留住
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Beijing Aerospace Times Optical Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection, utilize the arrowband brillouin gain characteristic of brillouin gain optical fiber to detect the frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre; Brillouin scattering and move frequently light and input brillouin gain optical fiber respectively from two ends, the stokes of Brillouin scattering filtered out by narrow linewidth optically filtering device or anti-Stokes sideband carries out photodetection, and optical power control unit stability contorting moves the power of light frequently; When the frequency difference moving light and Brillouin scattering frequently equals Brillouin's frequency displacement of brillouin gain optical fiber, obtain the strongest photodetection signal, it is achieved the detection of Brillouin scattering frequency displacement. Distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor disclosed by the invention, reduces the frequency of photodetection, circuit signal generation and process, reduces technical difficulty and cost; By moving light power stabilising control frequently, obtain smooth frequency response characteristic, be conducive to the Precision measurement of Brillouin scattering frequency displacement.

Description

A kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor, particularly a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection, belongs to fiber optic sensor technology field.
Background technology
Having good linear between the frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering produced when light is propagated in a fiber and the temperature of optical fiber, strain, frequency displacement temperature sensitivity is about 1.05MHz/ DEG C, and frequency displacement answers sensibility variable to be about 0.046MHz/ �� ��; By measuring the frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering that light pulse produces when spread fiber, utilize light pulse propagation delay to realize location, it is possible to obtain along temperature, the strain information of optical fiber continuous distribution simultaneously, namely form distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor.
Based on the distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor of Brillouin scatter, directly adopt general single mode fiber as sensor information, have electromagnetism interference, essential safety, measurement distance reach tens of km, obtain the advantages such as continuous temperature strain distribution information, equivalence measuring point is many, each equivalent measuring point average cost is low, are with a wide range of applications in the monitoring of the large-scale civil engineerings such as communications optical cable, power cable, oil gas pipeline, tunnel, base stake, bridge, dam and Infrastructure.
At present based on the distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor of Brillouin scatter, major programme has the technical scheme based on spontaneous brillouin scattering and time domain reflectometer, i.e. Brillouin's optical time domain reflectometer (BrillouinOpticalTimeDomainReflectometer, BOTDR); And based on excited Brillouin gain and time domain analysis technical scheme, i.e. Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument (Brillouinopticaltime-domainanalysis, BOTDA). Wherein Brillouin's optical time domain reflectometer only needs to adopt an optical fiber can realize measuring, it is not necessary to optical fiber is carried out special processing, and on-the-spot layout difficulty is lower, and can conveniently utilize the optical fiber laid to measure.
The spontaneous brillouin scattering light of Brillouin's optical time domain reflectometer is very faint, about nW magnitude; In order to detect the frequency displacement of faint spontaneous brillouin scattering light, it usually needs adopt light heterodyne coherent detection technology, utilize high-power local oscillator light and Brillouin's reflected light superposition to produce stronger beat frequency signal. But Brillouin scattering is relative to the frequency displacement��11GHz of incident light, need adopt band be wider than 10GHz balance photo-detector, carry out microwave down coversion and electrical signal frequency spectrum detection to realize the measurement of Brillouin scattering frequency displacement, as shown in Figure 1 (see patent US6700655B2, OpticalFiberCharacteristicMeasuringDevice); Or adopt optics to move unit paired pulses light or local oscillator light frequently to carry out moving frequently, reduce the bandwidth of beat frequency signal, as shown in Figure 2 (see patent US7504618B2, DistributedSensinginanOpticalFiberUsingBrillouinScatteri ng). This kind based on Brillouin's optical time domain reflectometer scheme of light heterodyne Coherent Detection, microwave frequency conversion and frequency spectrum detection, the frequency of optical signal detection, signal processing up to��11GHz, device cost height; Meanwhile, microwave down coversion and electrical signal frequency spectrum detection circuit are difficult in wide frequency ranges to obtain smooth response, and are difficult to frequency response characteristic effectively be calibrated, and are unfavorable for electrical signal frequency spectrum and the Measurement accuracy of Brillouin scattering frequency displacement.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor in order to overcome existing Brillouin's optical time domain reflectometer scheme based on light heterodyne Coherent Detection, microwave frequency conversion and electrical signal frequency spectrum detection, need to adopt high cost microwave device, it be difficult to obtain the problem of flat frequency response characteristic, it is proposed that a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection of the present invention, comprises light source, fiber coupler, light pulse modulating unit, the first image intensifer, the first optical circulator, sensor fibre, optics shifting unit, Polarization Controller, optical power control unit, the 2nd optical circulator, brillouin gain optical fiber, narrow linewidth optically filtering device, photodetector, analog to digital converter and signal processing unit frequently;
The light that light source exports is divided into two-way through fiber coupler, the output light of the first output port of fiber coupler is modulated into light pulse through light pulse modulating unit, light pulse exports the light pulse that peak power is amplified after the first image intensifer, the light pulse that peak power is amplified inputs the input port of the first optical circulator, then from the transmitted in both directions port input sensor fibre of the first optical circulator; The backward Brillouin scattering light that generation is propagated in light pulse in sensor fibre inputs from the transmitted in both directions port of the first optical circulator, then from output port input the 2nd image intensifer of the first optical circulator, Brillouin scattering inputs brillouin gain optical fiber after the 2nd image intensifer amplifies; The output light of the 2nd output port of fiber coupler moves to export after frequency unit through optics and moves light frequently, move light input polarization controller frequently, the shifting light frequently that Polarization Controller output polarization state is tuning, optical power control unit stability contorting moves the power of light frequently, move the input port of the 2nd optical circulator of light input frequently, from the transmitted in both directions port of the 2nd optical circulator input brillouin gain optical fiber; The Brillouin scattering moving light and sensor fibre frequently transmits in opposite directions in brillouin gain optical fiber; The Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre is by being input to narrow linewidth optically filtering device from the output port of the 2nd optical circulator after brillouin gain optical fiber, stokes or the anti-Stokes sideband of Brillouin scattering filtered out by narrow linewidth optically filtering device, then inputs photodetector; The intensity-conversion of the stokes of Brillouin scattering or anti-Stokes sideband is become electrical signal by photodetector, and analog to digital converter converts the electrical signal that photodetector exports to numerary signal and input signal processing unit processes.
The shifting frequency amount that optics moves the frequency light of unit control shifting frequently scans interior, utilize the arrowband brillouin gain characteristic of brillouin gain optical fiber, when the frequency difference moving the Brillouin scattering of light and sensor fibre frequently drops within the scope of the brillouin gain of brillouin gain optical fiber, the stokes sideband moving the Brillouin scattering that light is sensor fibre frequently provides gain, and the anti-Stokes sideband of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre provides gain for moving light frequently simultaneously; When the frequency difference moving the Brillouin scattering of light and sensor fibre frequently equals Brillouin's frequency displacement of brillouin gain optical fiber, the anti-Stokes sideband that the stokes sideband of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre obtains the Brillouin scattering of maximum gain, sensor fibre obtains maximum decay, obtain the frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre by the difference moved between the frequency shift amount of frequently light and Brillouin's frequency displacement of brillouin gain optical fiber, thus realize the measurement of the frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre and temperature, the resolving of strain signal.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
(1) a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection disclosed by the invention, the arrowband brillouin gain characteristic of brillouin gain optical fiber is utilized to realize the detection of frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre, reduce the frequency of photodetection, circuit signal generation and process, avoid the microwave section photodetector and the microwave device that adopt high cost, reduce technical difficulty and the cost of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor.
(2) a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection disclosed by the invention, stable shifting luminous power frequently is obtained by optical power control unit, when making shifting frequency light carry out frequency sweeping, Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum detection has smooth frequency response characteristic, is conducive to the Precision measurement of Brillouin scattering frequency displacement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the existing distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor plan schematic diagram based on light heterodyne Coherent Detection, microwave frequency conversion and electrical signal frequency spectrum detection;
Fig. 2 is the existing distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor plan schematic diagram moving frequency, light heterodyne Coherent Detection, microwave frequency conversion and electrical signal frequency spectrum detection based on optics;
Fig. 3 is the composition schematic diagram of the distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the composition schematic diagram of narrow linewidth optically filtering device;
Fig. 5 utilizes Brillouin's light amplification to detect the schematic diagram of the frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre;
Description of reference numerals:
1 ... light source,
2 ... light source driving circuit,
3 ... light source Drive and Control Circuit,
4 ... fiber coupler, 4i ... fiber coupler input port, 4t1 ... fiber coupler first output port, 4t2 ... fiber coupler the 2nd output port,
5 ... light pulse modulating unit,
6 ... image intensifer,
7 ... first optical circulator, 7i ... first optical circulator input port, 7ti ... first optical circulator transmitted in both directions port, 7t ... first optical circulator output port,
8 ... the joints of optical fibre,
9 ... sensor fibre, 9a ... sensor fibre end face,
10 ... 2nd fiber coupler, 10i1 ... 2nd fiber coupler first inputs port, 10i2 ... 2nd fiber coupler the 2nd inputs port, 10t1 ... 2nd fiber coupler first output port, 10t2 ... 2nd fiber coupler the 2nd output port,
11 ... balance photo-detector,
12 ... electric signal amplifier,
13 ... frequency mixer,
14 ... electricity local oscillation signal generation circuit,
15 ... electricity local oscillation signal pilot circuit,
16 ... low-pass filter,
17 ... 2nd electric signal amplifier,
18 ... signal processing unit,
19 ... electricity local oscillation signal,
20 ... bandpass filter,
21 ... electrical signal detection device,
22 ... optics moves unit frequently,
23 ... photodetector,
24 ... analog to digital converter,
25 ... 2nd image intensifer,
26 ... brillouin gain optical fiber,
27 ... 2nd optical circulator, 27i ... 2nd optical circulator input port, 27ti ... 2nd optical circulator transmitted in both directions port, 27t ... 2nd optical circulator output port,
28 ... Polarization Controller,
29 ... optical power control unit,
30 ... narrow linewidth optically filtering device, 30i ... narrow linewidth optically filtering device input port, 30i ... narrow linewidth optically filtering device output port,
31 ... 3rd optical circulator, 31i ... 3rd optical circulator input port, 31ti ... 3rd optical circulator transmitted in both directions port, 31t ... 3rd optical circulator output port,
32 ... narrow linewidth fiber grating filter,
33 ... temperature control unit,
34 ... the Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre,
35 ... move light frequently.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, based on a distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor for Brillouin's light amplification detection, comprise light source 1, fiber coupler 4, light pulse modulating unit 5, first image intensifer 6, first optical circulator 7, sensor fibre 9, optics shifting unit 22, the 2nd image intensifer 25, Polarization Controller 28, optical power control unit 29, the 2nd optical circulator 27, brillouin gain optical fiber 26, narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30, photodetector 23, analog to digital converter 24 and signal processing unit 18 frequently;
The output of light source 1 meets the input port 4i of fiber coupler 4, first output port 4t1 of fiber coupler 4 connects the input port of light pulse modulating unit 5, the output port of light pulse modulating unit 5 connects the input port of the first image intensifer 6, the output port of the first image intensifer 6 meets the input port 7i of the first optical circulator 7, the transmitted in both directions port 7ti of the first optical circulator 7 connects sensor fibre 9, the output port 7t of the first optical circulator 7 connects the input port of the 2nd image intensifer 25, and the output port of the 2nd image intensifer 25 connects brillouin gain optical fiber 26;
2nd output port 4t2 of fiber coupler 4 connects the input port that optics moves unit 22 frequently, the output port of optics shifting frequency unit 22 connects the input port of Polarization Controller 28, the output port of Polarization Controller 28 connects the input port of optical power control unit 29, the output port of optical power control unit 29 meets the input port 27i of the 2nd optical circulator 27, the transmitted in both directions port 27ti of the 2nd optical circulator 27 connects brillouin gain optical fiber 26, the output port 27t of the 2nd optical circulator 27 meets the input port 30i of narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30, the output port 30t of narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30 connects photodetector 23, the analog electrical signal that photodetector 23 exports converts numerary signal to by analog to digital converter 24, the numerary signal input signal processing unit 18 that analog to digital converter 24 exports, signal processing unit 18 completes to measure by digital signal processing.
As shown in Figure 4, narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30 comprises the 3rd optical circulator 31, narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32 and temperature control unit 33 to a kind of implementation of narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30;
The transmitted in both directions port 31ti of the 3rd optical circulator 31 is connected with narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32, the input port 31i of the 3rd optical circulator 31 is as the input port 30i of narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30, and the output port 31t of the 3rd optical circulator 31 is as the output port 30t of narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30; Narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32 keeps constant temperature by temperature control unit 33, has stable reflective spectral property; The typical live width of the reflectance spectrum of narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32 is less than 0.1nm, and the temperature control stability of temperature control unit 33 is better than 0.1 DEG C, thus the Wavelength stabilized property making the reflectance spectrum of narrow linewidth fiber grating filter 32 is better than 1pm.
The light that light source 1 exports is divided into two-way through fiber coupler 4, the output light of the first output port 4t1 of fiber coupler 4 is modulated into light pulse through light pulse modulating unit 5, light pulse exports the light pulse that peak power is amplified after the first image intensifer 6, the light pulse that peak power is amplified inputs the input port 7i of the first optical circulator 7, then inputs sensor fibre 9 from the transmitted in both directions port 7ti of the first optical circulator 7; The backward Brillouin scattering light that generation is propagated in light pulse in sensor fibre 9 inputs from the transmitted in both directions port 7ti of the first optical circulator 7, then inputting the 2nd image intensifer 25 from the output port 7t of the first optical circulator 7, Brillouin scattering inputs brillouin gain optical fiber 26 after the 2nd image intensifer 25 amplifies;
The output light of the 2nd output port 4t2 of fiber coupler 4 moves to export after frequency unit 22 through optics and moves light frequently, move light input polarization controller 28 frequently, the shifting light frequently that Polarization Controller 28 output polarization state is tuning, optical power control unit 29 stability contorting moves the power of light frequently, move the input port 27i of the 2nd optical circulator 27 of light input frequently, input brillouin gain optical fiber 26 from the transmitted in both directions port 27ti of the 2nd optical circulator 27; The Brillouin scattering moving light and sensor fibre frequently transmits in opposite directions in brillouin gain optical fiber 26; The Brillouin scattering of sensor fibre is by being input to narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30 from the output port 27t of the 2nd optical circulator 27 after brillouin gain optical fiber 26, stokes or the anti-Stokes sideband of Brillouin scattering filtered out by narrow linewidth optically filtering device 30, then inputs photodetector 23; The intensity-conversion of the stokes of Brillouin scattering or anti-Stokes sideband is become analog electrical signal by photodetector 23, and the analog electrical signal that photodetector 23 is exported by analog to digital converter 24 converts numerary signal to and input signal processing unit 18 carries out measurement processing.
As shown in Figure 5, it is �� that light source 1 exports the frequency of light to the principle of signal detection0, the frequency of the shifting frequency light 35 of input brillouin gain optical fiber is ��0-��SOr ��0+��S, the frequency of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre is ��0-��BOr ��0+��B, ��BFor Brillouin's frequency displacement of sensor fibre 9, optics moves the frequency shift amount �� that unit 22 frequently controls to move light 35 frequentlySScan within the scope of 100MHz-2GHz; Utilize the arrowband brillouin gain characteristic of brillouin gain optical fiber 26, when moving the poor �� of the frequency of the frequency of light 35 and the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre frequentlyB-��SWhen dropping within the scope of the brillouin gain of brillouin gain optical fiber 26, moving light 35 frequently is the stokes sideband �� of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre0-��BThere is provided gain, simultaneously the anti-Stokes sideband �� of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre0+��BGain is provided for moving light 35 frequently; When moving the frequency difference �� of the Brillouin scattering 34 of light 35 and sensor fibre frequentlyB-��SEqual the Brillouin frequency displacement �� of brillouin gain optical fiber 26B1Time, the stokes sideband �� of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibre0-��BObtain maximum gain, anti-Stokes sideband ��0+��BObtain maximum decay, by the frequency shift amount �� moving light 35 frequentlySWith the Brillouin frequency displacement �� of brillouin gain optical fiber 26B1Sum ��S+��B1Obtain the frequency displacement �� of the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibreB, according to the temperature frequency displacement sensitivity coefficient of sensor fibre 9Strain frequency displacement sensitivity coefficientCalculate temperature, the strain distribution of sensor fibre 9, the frequency displacement �� of the temperature T of sensor fibre 9 and the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibreBRelational expression be It is that sensor fibre 9 is at known calibration temperature T0Under Brillouin's frequency displacement; The frequency displacement �� of the strain of sensor fibre 9 and the Brillouin scattering 34 of sensor fibreBRelational expression be It is that sensor fibre 9 is in known calibration strain stress0Under Brillouin's frequency displacement.
The fluctuation of power of the shifting frequency light 35 of input brillouin gain optical fiber is controlled be less than 0.5% by optical power control unit 29, thus makes optics move unit 22 frequently and move the frequency shift amount �� of frequency light 35 in controlSWhen scanning, Brillouin scattering frequency spectrum detection obtains smooth frequency response characteristic;
Optical power control unit 29 adopts the variable optical attenuator of optical power monitoring and feedback control.
Brillouin gain optical fiber 26 and sensor fibre 9 adopt two kinds of different optical fiber, the Brillouin frequency displacement �� of brillouin gain optical fiber 26B1It is less than the Brillouin frequency displacement �� of sensor fibre 9B; A kind of optical fiber system of selection is: brillouin gain optical fiber 26 adopts the TrueWaveRS optical fiber of OFS company, and sensor fibre 9 adopts the SMF-28e optical fiber of Corning company.

Claims (5)

1. the distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection, it is characterised in that: comprise light source, fiber coupler, light pulse modulating unit, the first image intensifer, the first optical circulator, sensor fibre, optics shifting unit, the 2nd image intensifer, Polarization Controller, optical power control unit, the 2nd optical circulator, brillouin gain optical fiber, narrow linewidth optically filtering device, photodetector, analog to digital converter and signal processing unit frequently;
The output of light source connects the input port of fiber coupler, first output port of fiber coupler connects the input port of light pulse modulating unit, the output port of light pulse modulating unit connects the input port of the first image intensifer, the output port of the first image intensifer connects the input port of the first optical circulator, the transmitted in both directions port of the first optical circulator connects sensor fibre, the output port of the first optical circulator connects the input port of the 2nd image intensifer, and the output port of the 2nd image intensifer connects brillouin gain optical fiber;
2nd output port of fiber coupler connects the input port that optics moves unit frequently, the output port of optics shifting frequency unit connects the input port of Polarization Controller, the output port of Polarization Controller connects the input port of optical power control unit, the output port of optical power control unit connects the input port of the 2nd optical circulator, the transmitted in both directions port of the 2nd optical circulator connects brillouin gain optical fiber, the output port of the 2nd optical circulator connects the input port of narrow linewidth optically filtering device, the output port of narrow linewidth optically filtering device connects photodetector, the analog electrical signal that photodetector exports converts numerary signal to by analog to digital converter, the numerary signal input signal processing unit that analog to digital converter exports, signal processing unit completes to measure by digital signal processing,
Narrow linewidth optically filtering device comprises the 3rd optical circulator, narrow linewidth fiber grating filter and temperature control unit;
The transmitted in both directions port of the 3rd optical circulator is connected with narrow linewidth fiber grating filter, the input port of the 3rd optical circulator is as the input port of narrow linewidth optically filtering device, and the output port of the 3rd optical circulator is as the output port of narrow linewidth optically filtering device; Narrow linewidth fiber grating filter keeps constant temperature by temperature control unit.
2. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the live width of the reflectance spectrum of narrow linewidth fiber grating filter is less than 0.1nm, the temperature control stability of temperature control unit is better than 0.1 DEG C.
3. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: optical power control unit adopts the variable optical attenuator of optical power monitoring and feedback control.
4. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Brillouin frequency displacement �� of brillouin gain optical fiberB1It is less than the Brillouin frequency displacement �� of sensor fibreB��
5. a kind of distribution type fiber-optic temperature strain sensor based on Brillouin's light amplification detection according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: brillouin gain optical fiber adopts the TrueWaveRS optical fiber of OFS company, sensor fibre adopts the SMF-28e optical fiber of Corning company.
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