CN101144729A - Brillouin optical time domain reflection measuring method based on quick fourier transform - Google Patents
Brillouin optical time domain reflection measuring method based on quick fourier transform Download PDFInfo
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- CN101144729A CN101144729A CNA2007101334531A CN200710133453A CN101144729A CN 101144729 A CN101144729 A CN 101144729A CN A2007101334531 A CNA2007101334531 A CN A2007101334531A CN 200710133453 A CN200710133453 A CN 200710133453A CN 101144729 A CN101144729 A CN 101144729A
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Abstract
The invention interferes local reference light with Brillouin diffused light transferred back by a sensing optical fiber, a Brillouin diffused spectrum electrical signal generated completely passes through a broadband low pass wave filter, the sampling is performed by the high speed acquisition and the processing circuit, a quick speed Fourier transformation is performed, a Brillouin diffused spectrum is obtained; then a Lorentz fitting is performed, and a Brillouin frequency shift of each unit on the whole optical fiber is obtained finally; the relation of the Brillouin diffused spectrum, and the strain or the temperature is utilized to realize a full-distribution type measurement of the strain or the temperature. The whole Brillouin diffused spectrum on the whole sensing optical fiber can be obtained in an impulse detecting circle by a processing method of the high speed acquisition, and the processing circuit and the quick speed Fourier transformation adopted by the invention, the measuring speed is improved to an order of magnitude compared with the prior technology on the premise of not decreasing the resolution of a measuring space and the measuring accuracy, thereby improving a speech to noise ratio to more than a plurality of times, the measuring accuracy is improved to a great extent, and the structure of the invention device is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distributed optical fiber sensing system that strain and temperature are carried out full distributed measurement, be specially a kind of Brillouin optical time domain reflection measuring method that the Brillouin scattering that utilizes in the optical fiber realizes strain and the full distributed measurement of temperature based on fast fourier transform.
Background technology
The fully distributed fiber sensing technology is a sensing element with whole piece optical fiber, utilizes the scattering phenomenon in the optical fiber, can realize measured physical quantity on the sensor fibre (strain, temperature etc.) is measured with the continuous distribution of spatial variations in time.Based on the quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing technology of point sensor array, the fully distributed fiber sensing technology has more wide application prospect.Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer (Brillouin optical fiber time domain reflectometry, BOTDR) be a kind of fully distributed fiber sensor-based system based on Brillouin scattering, it utilizes in the sensor fibre back to the frequency displacement of the Brillouin scattering relation with strain and the linear variation of temperature, in conjunction with optical time domain reflection technology, can realize full distributed measurement to strain or temperature.Because the Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer has advantages such as single-ended measurement, spatial resolution height, distance sensing length, is obtaining application in a lot of structure monitorings.
In Brillouin optical time domain reflection measuring,, must in sensor fibre, inject a branch of direct impulse light, the back frequency displacement of measuring the position then at the same end of optical fiber earlier to Brillouin scattering for strain or the temperature that obtains position on the sensor fibre.The scattering spectrum that the receiving end photodetector obtains constantly in difference is corresponding one by one with the Brillouin scattering at diverse location place on the optical fiber.The frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering is defined as the frequency at Brillouin scattering spectrum peak place and the difference of incident pulse light frequency, and the frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering is about 11GHz in the general single mode fiber.Brillouin scattering spectrum is the Lorentz type, and its full width at half maximum is generally tens of megahertzes.For obtaining the frequency displacement of certain position Brillouin scattering, need to survey earlier the Brillouin scattering spectrum of this position, then the Brillouin scattering spectrum that detects is carried out the Lorentz match, obtain the frequency values at scattering spectrum peak value place, in conjunction with known direct impulse light frequency, can obtain the frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering to be asked again.Utilize the frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering and the linear relationship of strain variation or temperature variation, pass through system calibrating again, can obtain the strain or the temperature information of arbitrary position on the sensor fibre.
Because the frequency of Brillouin scattering spectrum is up to 10
14The Hz order of magnitude generally adopts the optical heterodyne coherent approach that the frequency of Brillouin scattering spectral signal is reduced to radio frequency or the IF-FRE scope that photodetector can respond and surveys.The frequency range of Brillouin scattering spectrum is reduced to radio frequency or intermediate frequency frequency range by optical frequency, but its spectral shape remains unchanged.Correspondingly, we are referred to as Brillouin spectrum.Can after radio frequency or frequency domain detection Brillouin spectrum,, obtain Brillouin scattering spectrum to be asked according to the frequency corresponding relation in the optical coherence.
Prior art: K.Shimizu, T.Horiguchi, Y. Koyamada and Toshio Kurashima, " Coherentself-heterodyne Brillouin OTDR for measurement of Brillouin frequency shift distribution inoptical fibers ", Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.12, No.5, pp.730-736,1994, it based on the frequency sweep detection mode, promptly repeatedly injects direct impulse light for the detection of Brillouin spectrum in optical fiber, and the different piece of Brillouin scattering spectrum in each only detection optical fiber.Its detection system as shown in Figure 1.Penetrating frequency in the coherent source laser instrument is the continuous light of v, is coupled device and is divided into two-way, wherein one the tunnel directly is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set as local reference light.Another road laser at first is modulated to the pulsed light of certain width as surveying light by acousto-optic modulator, make the pulse light frequency become v+v through the shift frequency circuit then
S, behind image intensifer and coupling mechanism, inject sensor fibre again.Pulsed light in sensor fibre in the propagated forward, produce the back to spontaneous brillouin scattering light on the fiber unit of process, the full width at half maximum of Brillouin scattering spectrum is tens of megahertzes, wherein the frequency at scattering spectra peak value place is v+v
S-v
B, v
BBe Brillouin shift, be unknown quantity to be asked.Different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set through coupling mechanism.On heterodyne optical receiving set, frequency is that local reference light and the centre frequency of v is v+v
S-v
BBrillouin scattering relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, the generation centre frequency is v
B-v
S, full width at half maximum is the Brillouin spectrum electric signal of tens of megahertzes.Change frequency shift amount v by the shift frequency circuit
S, make the centre frequency v of electric signal
B-v
SBe reduced to below the 100MHz.The Brillouin spectrum electric signal is v through frequency mixer and frequency
LThe mixing of local oscillations source, can obtain the baseband signal of Brillouin spectrum, be the low-pass filter of B through bandwidth, enter by computer-controlled digital processing circuit and carry out the progressive mean computing to improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), can obtain whole sensor fibre upshift amount is v
S-v
L, width is the brillouin scattering signal of B.Because the bandwidth B of low-pass filter is narrower, generally is no more than 5MHz, as 1MHz,, need repeatedly in order to obtain whole Brillouin spectrum, be generally tens of times, in optical fiber, inject direct impulse light, utilize shift frequency circuit 4 to change frequency shift amount v simultaneously at every turn
SValue, the signal that makes different frequency composition on the Brillouin spectrum obtains detecting by low-pass filter.
The frequency sweep detection mode of this Brillouin spectrum a pulse detection cycle, is promptly gone into optical fiber from the direct impulse light beam, and is all back to Brillouin scattering until receiving in same termination in the optical fiber, during on the Brillouin spectrum that obtained with frequency v
S-v
LBe the power signal in center, the B bandwidth range, as Brillouin scattering spectrum upshift amount v
S-v
LThe power at corresponding Frequency point place.The inherent shortcoming that this detection mode exists has weakened its measuring accuracy: if filter bandwidht B is wide, can bring the bigger power measurement error at each Frequency point place, cause bigger error of fitting, cause the measuring error of strain or temperature bigger.If bandwidth is narrow, the Brillouin spectrum bandwidth range that obtains in each recurrence interval is less, needs to survey more Frequency point, and the time that can cause obtaining whole Brillouin scattering spectrum increases, and causes whole Measuring Time long.This under the bigger situation of strain or temperature variation more so.Under the situation that Measuring Time is determined, because increasing of required look-in frequency point can reduce the minimizing to each Frequency point detection times, cause surveying the reduction of signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), also can cause the measuring error of final strain or temperature bigger.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is: existing Brillouin optical time domain reflection measuring mode needs repeatedly to measure just to obtain required Brillouin scattering spectrum data, Measuring Time is longer, though can pass through to increase each bandwidth of measuring with the shortening Measuring Time, but can cause the reduction of measuring accuracy.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: based on the Brillouin optical time domain reflection measuring method of fast fourier transform, continuous light is divided into two-way, one the tunnel as local reference light, one the tunnel as surveying light, surveying optical modulation is after pulse width is the pulsed light of W, after amplify injecting sensor fibre and obtaining to Brillouin scattering, local reference light and Brillouin scattering relevant back on photoreceiver produces the Brillouin spectrum electric signal, adjust the centre frequency of described Brillouin spectrum electric signal, making it complete is the wideband low pass wave filter of the integral multiple of Brillouin spectrum full width at half maximum by bandwidth, again by high speed acquisition and treatment circuit sampling, sample frequency f is higher than the bandwidth of 2 times of wideband low pass wave filters, the time-domain sampling signal is by after the progressive mean repeatedly, and from first to last being divided into duration is several unit of W, and each unit has
Individual sampled point, after each unit all carried out fast fourier transform, the gained Brillouin spectrum is carried out the Lorentz match, obtain the frequency of Brillouin scattering spectrum peak correspondence on each unit, recover according to aforementioned adjustment, promptly get the Brillouin shift of each unit on the whole optical fiber Brillouin spectrum electric signal centre frequency; Utilize the relation of Brillouin shift and strain and the linear variation of temperature,, can obtain the strain or the temperature information of arbitrary position on the sensor fibre, realize the full distributed measurement of strain or temperature through system calibrating.
The spatial resolution of tested sensor fibre
Wherein c is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the refractive index of optical fiber, and is total in each unit
Sampled point, carry out fast fourier transform and can obtain whole Brillouin spectrum on this fiber unit.In order to improve the frequency resolution of Brillouin spectrum, the time-domain sampling signal is by after the progressive mean repeatedly, and each unit that is divided into carries out periodic extension, does fast fourier transform again.
In order to reduce the influence of Brillouin scattering polarization state variation to coherent detection, the present invention also adds scrambler in the detection light path in the light path of local reference light or between sensor fibre and the photoreceiver.
The mode that the present invention obtains the Brillouin spectrum electric signal has following several:
(1), local reference light is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set after the frequency conversion of optical frequency shift device, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, behind image intensifer and circulator, inject sensor fibre again, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne optical receiving set through circulator, on heterodyne optical receiving set, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce the Brillouin spectrum electric signal, adjust the frequency conversion number of local reference light, make the Brillouin spectrum electric signal complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
(2), local reference light directly is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, through the frequency conversion of optical frequency shift device, behind image intensifer and circulator, inject sensor fibre again, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne optical receiving set through circulator, on heterodyne optical receiving set, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce the Brillouin spectrum electric signal, adjust the frequency conversion number of surveying light, make the Brillouin spectrum electric signal complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
(3), local reference light directly is injected into heterodyne high frequency light receiver, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, behind image intensifer and circulator, inject sensor fibre again, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne high frequency light receiver through circulator, on heterodyne high frequency light receiver, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce high frequency heterodyne Brillouin scattering spectrum signal, again with local high-frequency agitation source through the frequency mixer mixing, the Brillouin spectrum signal center frequency is reduced, complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
Advantage of the present invention has:
(1), measuring speed obtains bigger raising:
The present invention is owing to adopted high speed acquisition and treatment circuit and fast fourier transform disposal route, can obtain the Brillouin spectrum on the whole sensor fibre in a pulse detection cycle, be tens of/one of prior art for the detection time of Brillouin spectrum.Because it is only suitable with several pulse detection cycle that fast fourier transform is handled required time, thus the present invention under the prerequisite that does not reduce measurement space resolution and measuring accuracy, measuring speed is than order of magnitude of prior art raising;
(2), measuring accuracy can be improved:
Under the situation that Measuring Time is determined, because the present invention is tens of/one of prior art for the detection time of Brillouin spectrum, so average time can corresponding raising tens of times, thereby signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) can be increased to more than the several times, has improved measuring accuracy to a great extent;
(3), the measurement mechanism structure is simpler:
The present invention need not use the local oscillations source, and apparatus structure is more simpler than one type of prior art syringe, and in the mode of using the local oscillations source, then need not the optical frequency shift device, and structure is still simplified.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of prior art frequency sweep Brillouin light time-domain reflectomer.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of metering system 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of metering system 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of metering system 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the distributed temperature measurement result of specific embodiment among the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete metering system and description of drawings measuring method of the present invention.
Metering system 1:
As shown in Figure 2, the frequency of outgoing is the continuous light of v in the coherent source laser instrument, be coupled device and be divided into two-way, wherein one the tunnel behind the optical frequency shift device frequency become v-v
S, be injected into heterodyne optical receiving set as local reference light; Another road laser is that pulse width is the pulsed light of W by light modulator modulates at first as surveying light, injects sensor fibre through image intensifer and circulator again.Pulsed light in sensor fibre in the propagated forward, produce the back to spontaneous brillouin scattering light on the fiber unit of process, the full width at half maximum of Brillouin scattering spectrum is tens of megahertzes, wherein the frequency at scattering spectra peak value place is v-v
B, v
BIt is Brillouin shift.Different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set through circulator.On heterodyne optical receiving set, frequency is v-v
SLocal reference light and centre frequency be v-v
BBrillouin scattering relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, the generation centre frequency is v
B-v
S, full width at half maximum is the Brillouin spectrum electric signal of tens of megahertzes.Make v by adjusting the optical frequency shift device
SBe a certain suitable determined value, can make centre frequency is v
B-v
SWhole Brillouin spectrum electric signal all by the wideband low pass wave filter, the bandwidth B of wideband low pass wave filter can be the several times of Brillouin spectrum full width at half maximum.The Brillouin spectrum electric signal is by high speed acquisition and treatment circuit sampling, and sample frequency f is higher than 2 times of wideband low pass filter bandwidht B.In high speed acquisition and treatment circuit, the time-domain sampling signal from first to last is divided into several unit and carries out fast Fourier transform (FFT) by after the progressive mean repeatedly.The duration of each unit is W, corresponding to the spatial resolution of tested sensor fibre
Wherein c is the light velocity in the vacuum, and n is the refractive index of optical fiber.Total in each unit
Sampled point, carry out FFT and can obtain whole Brillouin spectrum on this fiber unit.In order to improve the frequency resolution of Brillouin spectrum, each unit can be carried out be FFT again behind the periodic extension, thereby improve the precision and the final precision of measuring of follow-up Lorentz match.Each unit carries out the Lorentz match to the gained Brillouin spectrum after all carrying out FFT, draws the frequency v of Brillouin scattering spectrum peak correspondence on each unit
B-v
S, again according to known v
S, can obtain the Brillouin shift v of each unit on the whole optical fiber
BIn computing machine, utilize the relation of Brillouin shift and strain and the linear variation of temperature, pass through system calibrating again, can obtain the strain or the temperature information of arbitrary position on the sensor fibre, realize the full distributed measurement of strain or temperature.
Wherein, it is the dfb semiconductor laser instrument of 1550.546nm that laser instrument adopts wavelength, and the splitting ratio of coupling mechanism is 50:50, the light of laser emitting is divided into surveys light and local reference light.The optical frequency shift device is-electrooptic modulator of 15.2GHz, and the frequency by control electrooptic modulator drive source makes optical frequency frequency shift amount v
SBe fixed as 10.5GHz.Survey that photomodulator is in the light path-electrooptic modulator of 10.8GHz, continuous light is modulated to the pulsed light that pulse width is 300ns.Amplifying device is the C-band Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) in the image intensifer, for the spontaneous emission noise that the filtering Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) brings, also comprises a circulator and a fiber grating in the amplifier unit.Direct impulse light after the amplification behind circulator, inject one long be 1080 meters sensor fibre, sensor fibre is a large effective area fiber on totally 80 meters the length at 925 meters to 1005 meters, remainder is a general single mode fiber.Inserting one section large effective area fiber in sensor fibre, is to be in ultralow temperature for analog sensed optical fiber on this section.Under 26 ℃ temperature and not strained condition, the difference of the Brillouin shift of general single mode fiber and large effective area fiber is 182MHz, according to the relationship delta v of Brillouin shift and temperature variation
B=k Δ T (wherein k=1.07MHz/ ℃), this is equivalent under not strained condition, if 1080 meters long sensor fibres are general single mode fiber, 925 meters temperature to 1005 meters this section optical fiber are hanged down 170 ℃ than the temperature of all the other sections, and promptly this section optical fiber true temperature should be-144 ℃.
On heterodyne optical receiving set, produce centre frequency and be about 350MHz, full width at half maximum is the Brillouin spectrum electric signal of 90MHz, the bandwidth B of wideband low pass wave filter is 1GHz.The Brillouin spectrum electric signal is by high speed acquisition and treatment circuit sampling, and sample frequency f is 4GHz.In high speed acquisition and treatment circuit, the time-domain sampling signal from first to last is divided into 36 unit and carries out FFT by after 4860 progressive means, and the sampling number of each unit is 1200, and the spatial resolution of pairing tested sensor fibre is 30 meters.Each unit carries out the Lorentz match to the gained Brillouin spectrum after all carrying out FFT, obtains the frequency v of Brillouin scattering spectrum peak correspondence on each unit
B-v
S, again according to known v
S, obtain the Brillouin shift v of each unit on the whole optical fiber
BUtilize the relation of Brillouin shift and temperature variation, obtain the temperature information on the whole sensor fibre, realized the full distributed measurement of temperature, measurement result as shown in Figure 5.Compare with theoretical value, the thermometric root-mean-square error on the whole piece optical fiber is 1.3 ℃.Whole measuring process was less than 2 minutes.
Metering system 2:
As shown in Figure 3, the frequency of outgoing is the continuous light of v in the coherent source laser instrument, is coupled device and is divided into two-way, and local reference light directly is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set, and surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, is v+v through the optical frequency shift device with frequency shift
SInject sensor fibre behind image intensifer and the circulator, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into the heterodyne light-receiving through circulator, on heterodyne optical receiving set, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, the generation centre frequency is v
B-v
S, full width at half maximum is the Brillouin spectrum electric signal of tens of megahertzes, v
BBe Brillouin shift, adjust the frequency conversion of surveying light and count v
S, make the Brillouin spectrum electric signal complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.In high speed acquisition and treatment circuit, the time-domain sampling signal is by after the progressive mean repeatedly, subdivision carries out FFT, afterwards the gained Brillouin spectrum is carried out the Lorentz match, obtain the frequency of Brillouin scattering spectrum peak correspondence on each unit, according to the shift frequency amount of surveying light, can obtain the Brillouin shift of each unit on the whole optical fiber again.In computing machine, utilize the relation of Brillouin shift and strain and the linear variation of temperature, pass through system calibrating again, can obtain the strain or the temperature information of arbitrary position on the sensor fibre, realize the full distributed measurement of strain or temperature.
Compare with metering system 1, optical frequency shift device 4 is placed in to be surveyed in the light path, will survey that light carries out the optical frequency frequency displacement and the frequency of local reference path remains unchanged, and its detection is identical with metering system 1 method with signal processing mode.
Metering system 3:
As Fig. 4, local reference light directly is injected into heterodyne high frequency light receiver, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, injects sensor fibre again behind image intensifer and circulator, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne high frequency light receiver through circulator, on heterodyne high frequency light receiver, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, the generation frequency is v
BHigh frequency heterodyne Brillouin scattering spectrum signal, v
BBe Brillouin shift, again with local high-frequency agitation source through the frequency mixer mixing, the Brillouin spectrum signal center frequency is reduced, complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.In high speed acquisition and treatment circuit, the time-domain sampling signal is by after the progressive mean repeatedly, subdivision carries out FFT, afterwards the gained Brillouin spectrum is carried out the Lorentz match, obtain the frequency of Brillouin scattering spectrum peak correspondence on each unit, according to the shift frequency amount of surveying light, can obtain the Brillouin shift of each unit on the whole optical fiber again.In computing machine, utilize the relation of Brillouin shift and strain and the linear variation of temperature, pass through system calibrating again, can obtain the strain or the temperature information of arbitrary position on the sensor fibre, realize the full distributed measurement of strain or temperature.
To surveying light or local reference light shift frequency, Brillouin scattering and local reference light are not Brillouin shift after being concerned with to metering system 3, and frequency is about 11GHz, are higher than the heterodyne high frequency light receiver of 11GHz so heterodyne optical receiving set is a responsive bandwidth.After the photoreceiver opto-electronic conversion, high frequency heterodyne Brillouin scattering spectrum signal and local high-frequency agitation source are through the frequency mixer mixing, and centre frequency is reduced to the following intermediate frequency of hundreds of megahertz, through the wideband low pass filter filtering.Its signals collecting is identical with the method for processing mode and metering system 1.
Among the present invention time-domain signal being carried out computings such as FFT, Lorentz match also can finish in computing machine.In order to reduce the influence of Brillouin scattering polarization state variation, add scrambler in the detection light path of the present invention in the light path of local reference light or between sensor fibre and the photoreceiver in addition to coherent detection.
Claims (9)
1. based on the Brillouin optical time domain reflection measuring method of fast fourier transform, it is characterized in that continuous light is divided into two-way, one the tunnel as local reference light, one the tunnel as surveying light, surveying optical modulation is after pulse width is the pulsed light of W, obtain Brillouin scattering through amplifying the injection sensor fibre, local reference light and Brillouin scattering relevant back on photoreceiver produces the Brillouin spectrum electric signal, adjust the centre frequency of described Brillouin spectrum electric signal, making it complete is the wideband low pass wave filter of the integral multiple of Brillouin spectrum full width at half maximum by bandwidth, again by high speed acquisition and treatment circuit sampling, sample frequency f is higher than the bandwidth of 2 times of wideband low pass wave filters, the time-domain sampling signal is by after the progressive mean repeatedly, and from first to last being divided into duration is several unit of W, and each unit has
Individual sampled point, after each unit all carried out fast fourier transform, the gained Brillouin spectrum is carried out the Lorentz match, obtain the frequency of Brillouin scattering spectrum peak correspondence on each unit, recover according to aforementioned adjustment, promptly get the Brillouin shift of each unit on the whole optical fiber Brillouin spectrum electric signal centre frequency; Utilize the relation of Brillouin shift and strain and the linear variation of temperature,, can obtain the strain or the temperature information of arbitrary position on the sensor fibre, realize the full distributed measurement of strain or temperature through system calibrating.
2. measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the time-domain sampling signal by after the progressive mean repeatedly, and each unit that is divided into carries out periodic extension, does fast fourier transform again.
3. measuring method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that adding scrambler in the light path of local reference light or the light path between sensor fibre and the photoreceiver.
4. measuring method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that local reference light is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set after the frequency conversion of optical frequency shift device, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, behind image intensifer and circulator, inject sensor fibre again, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne optical receiving set through circulator, on heterodyne optical receiving set, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce the Brillouin spectrum electric signal, adjust the frequency conversion number of local reference light, make the Brillouin spectrum electric signal complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
5. measuring method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that local reference light is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set after the frequency conversion of optical frequency shift device, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, behind image intensifer and circulator, inject sensor fibre again, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne optical receiving set through circulator, on heterodyne optical receiving set, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce the Brillouin spectrum electric signal, adjust the frequency conversion number of local reference light, make the Brillouin spectrum electric signal complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
6. measuring method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that local reference light directly is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, through the frequency displacement of optical frequency shift device, inject sensor fibre behind image intensifer and the circulator, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne optical receiving set through circulator, on heterodyne optical receiving set, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce the Brillouin spectrum electric signal, adjust the frequency conversion number of surveying light, make the Brillouin spectrum electric signal complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
7. measuring method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that local reference light directly is injected into heterodyne optical receiving set, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, through the frequency displacement of optical frequency shift device, inject sensor fibre behind image intensifer and the circulator, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne optical receiving set through circulator, on heterodyne optical receiving set, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce the Brillouin spectrum electric signal, adjust the frequency conversion number of surveying light, make the Brillouin spectrum electric signal complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
8. measuring method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that local reference light directly is injected into heterodyne high frequency light receiver, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, behind image intensifer and circulator, inject sensor fibre again, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne high frequency light receiver through circulator, on heterodyne high frequency light receiver, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce high frequency heterodyne Brillouin scattering spectrum signal, again with local high-frequency agitation source through the frequency mixer mixing, the Brillouin spectrum signal center frequency is reduced, complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
9. measuring method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that local reference light directly is injected into heterodyne high frequency light receiver, surveying light is pulsed light through light modulator modulates, behind image intensifer and circulator, inject sensor fibre again, produce the back to Brillouin scattering on the fiber unit of process, different fiber position back to Brillouin scattering back-propagating successively, be injected into heterodyne high frequency light receiver through circulator, on heterodyne high frequency light receiver, local reference light and Brillouin scattering are relevant, through opto-electronic conversion, produce high frequency heterodyne Brillouin scattering spectrum signal, again with local high-frequency agitation source through the frequency mixer mixing, the Brillouin spectrum signal center frequency is reduced, complete by the wideband low pass wave filter.
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