CN109556659B - Single-ended detection Brillouin dynamic grating sensing method - Google Patents
Single-ended detection Brillouin dynamic grating sensing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-ended detection Brillouin dynamic grating sensing method, which comprises the following steps: a: dividing an optical signal output by a laser into two paths, and respectively modulating the two paths of pulse optical signals as pumping pulse signals; b: one path of pumping pulse signals are reflected to return the sensing optical fiber and are transmitted in opposite directions with the other path of pumping pulse signals to meet in the sensing optical fiber to generate stimulated Brillouin scattering so as to form a dynamic grating; c: modulating an optical signal output by another laser into detection pulse light, entering a sensing optical fiber, and performing signal conversion and acquisition on the detection pulse light reflected by the Brillouin dynamic grating; d: c, repeating the step C after adjusting the frequency of the output signal of the other laser, calculating the center frequency of the reflection spectrum of the Brillouin dynamic grating, and using the center frequency for sensing the temperature and the strain on the sensing optical fiber; e: completing the measurement of strain and temperature on the sensing fiber; the invention has the advantages of single-ended detection, more flexible and efficient wiring, wide application range and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for single-ended detection of Brillouin dynamic grating sensing.
Background
The optical fiber sensing technology developed along with the development of the optical fiber communication technology is widely applied to various fields such as large-scale infrastructure, aerospace, industrial control and the like at present; distributed optical fiber sensing technology is a novel sensing technology developed in the last three decades; the basic principle is that the physical quantity such as temperature, strain and the like is measured at any position on the sensing optical fiber by utilizing the effects such as Rayleigh, raman, brillouin scattering and the like and combining an optical time domain reflection technology.
The distributed brillouin dynamic grating is proposed by K.Y. Song in 2008, has been widely studied and applied for a few related patents; the patent with application number 201510821264.8, the patent with application number 201610094933.0, the real-time dynamic distributed brillouin optical fiber sensing device and method, the patent with application number 201611002982.3, the distributed optical fiber sensing system based on chaotic brillouin dynamic grating and the like make a lot of contributions to the development and perfection of the distributed brillouin dynamic grating sensing technology; however, at present, the systems are all sensing systems based on double-end detection, and in actual use, two paths of pumping light sources are required to be arranged at two ends of a sensing optical fiber, so that the flexibility of the wiring of the sensing optical fiber is reduced; or a double-core optical fiber is needed, and the sensing distance is reduced by half, which limits the practical application of the Brillouin dynamic grating sensing system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for single-ended detection of Brillouin dynamic grating sensing.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method of single ended detection brillouin dynamic grating sensing, comprising the steps of:
a: dividing an optical signal output by a laser into two paths of pulse optical signals to be respectively modulated into two paths of pumping pulse signals, wherein the frequencies of the two paths of pumping pulse signals are different by Brillouin frequency shift;
b: the two paths of pumping pulse signals enter the sensing optical fiber in a time-sharing way, one path of pumping pulse signals are reflected to return to the sensing optical fiber and are transmitted in opposite directions with the other path of pumping pulse signals to meet in the sensing optical fiber to generate stimulated Brillouin scattering so as to form a dynamic grating;
c: modulating an optical signal output by another laser into detection pulse light, entering a sensing optical fiber, and performing signal conversion and acquisition on the detection pulse light reflected by the Brillouin dynamic grating;
d: c is repeated after the frequency of the output signal of the other laser is regulated to reconstruct a Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum signal, and the center frequency of the Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum is calculated and used for sensing the temperature and the strain on the sensing optical fiber;
e: according to the center frequency v of the Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum BDG Relationship with strain ε: v BDG ＝v BDG0 +C vε Epsilon, the measurement of strain epsilon on the sensing optical fiber is completed, and the central frequency v of the reflection spectrum of the Brillouin dynamic grating is used BDG Relationship with temperature T: v BDG ＝v BDG0 +C νT T, completing measurement of temperature T on the sensing optical fiber, wherein v BDG0 C is the center frequency of the reflection spectrum of the initial Brillouin dynamic grating vε Is the strain coefficient, C νT Is a temperature coefficient.
In another preferred embodiment, in the step B, the length of the dynamic grating formed by the brillouin scattering is controlled by controlling the pulse width of the two pump pulse signals.
In another preferred embodiment, in the step B, the position where the brillouin scattering forms the dynamic grating is controlled by adjusting the delay of the two pump pulse signals.
The second technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the device comprises a pulse signal source, a first laser, an optical fiber beam splitter, a first electro-optical modulator, a microwave signal source, a filter, a first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a second electro-optical modulator, a high-speed optical switch, a third electro-optical modulator, a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a polarization maintaining isolator, a first optical fiber polarizer, a polarization beam splitting and combining device, a sensing optical fiber, a second optical fiber polarizer, a polarization maintaining retro-reflector, a second laser, a fourth electro-optical modulator, a third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a polarization maintaining circulator, a third optical fiber polarizer, a photoelectric detector and a data acquisition module; the first laser output end is connected with the input end of the optical fiber beam splitter, the first output end of the optical fiber beam splitter is connected with the input end of the first electro-optic modulator, the output end of the microwave signal source is connected with the microwave input end of the electro-optic first electro-optic modulator, the output end of the first electro-optic modulator is connected with the input end of the filter, the output end of the filter is connected with the input end of the first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, the output end of the first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the second electro-optic modulator, the first output end of the pulse signal source is connected with the bias input end of the second electro-optic modulator, and the output end of the second electro-optic modulator is connected with the input end of the high-speed optical switch; the second output end of the optical fiber beam splitter is connected with the input end of the third electro-optical modulator, the second output end of the pulse signal source is connected with the bias voltage input end of the third electro-optical modulator, and the output end of the third electro-optical modulator is connected with the second input end of the high-speed optical switch; the high-speed optical switch output end is connected with the input end of the second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, the output end of the second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is connected with the input end of the polarization maintaining isolator, the output end of the polarization maintaining isolator is connected with the input end of the first optical fiber polarizer, the output end of the first optical fiber polarizer is connected with the slow-axis input end of the polarization beam splitting and combining device, the output end of the polarization beam splitting and combining device is connected with one end of the sensing optical fiber, the other end of the sensing optical fiber is connected with the input end of the second optical fiber polarizer, and the output end of the second optical fiber polarizer is connected with the input end of the polarization maintaining retro-reflector; the output end of the second laser is connected with the input end of the fourth electro-optical modulator, the third output end of the pulse signal source is connected with the bias voltage input end of the fourth electro-optical modulator, the output end of the fourth electro-optical modulator is connected with the input end of the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, the output end of the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is connected with the end of the polarization-preserving circulator 1, the end of the polarization-preserving circulator 2 is connected with the input end of the third optical fiber polarizer, and the output end of the third optical fiber polarizer is connected with the fast axis input end of the polarization beam splitting and combining device; the polarization-maintaining circulator 3 end is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector, the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected with the input end of the data acquisition module, and the synchronous output end of the data acquisition module is connected with the synchronous input end of the pulse signal source.
In another preferred embodiment, the output time of the pulse signals output by the second electro-optical modulator and the third electro-optical modulator has a time difference, and the time difference is adjusted by the pulse signal source for different driving times of the second electro-optical modulator and the third electro-optical modulator.
In another preferred embodiment, the pulse signals output by the second electro-optical modulator and the third electro-optical modulator are output in a time-sharing manner through the high-speed optical switch, wherein the pulse signals output by the second electro-optical modulator are output through the high-speed optical switch earlier than the pulse signals output by the third electro-optical modulator.
In another preferred embodiment, the time point of the rising edge of the pulse signal generated by the pulse signal source for driving the fourth electro-optical modulator is immediately following the falling edge of the pulse signal generated by the pulse signal source for driving the third electro-optical modulator.
In another preferred embodiment, the second laser is a narrow linewidth laser with adjustable frequency.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the Brillouin dynamic grating sensing device structure belongs to single-ended detection, so that the sensing optical fiber is more flexible and efficient in wiring in actual engineering under the condition of not reducing the sensing distance, and the practical range of the sensing system is further expanded.
2. The length of the dynamic grating formed by the Brillouin scattering is controlled by controlling the pulse width of the two pumping pulse signals, and the position of the dynamic grating formed by the Brillouin scattering is controlled by adjusting the time delay of the two pumping pulse signals, so that the Brillouin grating with any length can be arranged at any position on the optical fiber.
3. One pump pulse is reflected back to the sensing optical fiber by adopting a polarization-maintaining retro-reflector, and meets the other pump pulse to generate stimulated Brillouin scattering so as to form a Brillouin dynamic grating; the optical fiber polarizer can prevent the detection pulse optical signals from reflecting back to the sensing optical fiber so as to influence the detection of the sensing signals.
3. The brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum signal is reconstructed by injecting detection light with different frequencies by adopting a frequency-adjustable narrow linewidth second laser, and the center frequency of the brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum is calculated and used for sensing the temperature and the strain on the sensing optical fiber.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples; the method for single-ended detection of brillouin dynamic grating sensing is not limited to the embodiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the device for single-ended detection brillouin dynamic grating sensing includes a pulse signal source 1, a first laser 2, an optical fiber beam splitter 3, a first electro-optic modulator 4, a microwave signal source 5, a filter 6, a first erbium-doped fiber amplifier 7, a second electro-optic modulator 8, a high-speed optical switch 9, a third electro-optic modulator 10, a second erbium-doped fiber amplifier 11, a polarization maintaining isolator 12, a first optical fiber polarizer 13, a polarization beam splitter/combiner 14, a sensing optical fiber 15, a second optical fiber polarizer 16, a polarization maintaining retro-reflector 17, a frequency-adjustable narrow-linewidth second laser 18, a fourth electro-optic modulator 19, a third erbium-doped fiber amplifier 20, a polarization maintaining circulator 21, a third optical fiber polarizer 22, a photoelectric detector 23 and a data acquisition module 24; the output end of the first laser 2 is connected with the input end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3, the first output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3 is connected with the input end of the first electro-optical modulator 4, the output end of the microwave signal source 5 is connected with the microwave input end of the electro-optical first electro-optical modulator, the output end of the first electro-optical modulator 4 is connected with the input end of the filter 6, the output end of the filter 6 is connected with the input end of the first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 7, the output end of the first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 7 is connected with the input end of the second electro-optical modulator 8, the first output end of the pulse signal source 1 is connected with the bias voltage input end of the second electro-optical modulator 8, and the output end of the second electro-optical modulator 8 is connected with the input end of the high-speed optical switch 9; the second output end of the optical fiber beam splitter 3 is connected with the input end of a third electro-optical modulator 10, the second output end of the pulse signal source 1 is connected with the bias voltage input end of the third electro-optical modulator 10, and the output end of the third electro-optical modulator 10 is connected with the second input end of the high-speed optical switch 9; the output end of the high-speed optical switch 9 is connected with the input end of the second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 11, the output end of the second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 11 is connected with the input end of the polarization maintaining isolator 12, the output end of the polarization maintaining isolator 12 is connected with the input end of the first optical fiber polarizer 13, the output end of the first optical fiber polarizer 13 is connected with the slow-axis input end of the polarization beam splitting and combining device 14, the output end of the polarization beam splitting and combining device 14 is connected with one end of the sensing optical fiber 15, the other end of the sensing optical fiber 15 is connected with the input end of the second optical fiber polarizer 16, and the output end of the second optical fiber polarizer 16 is connected with the input end of the polarization maintaining retro-reflector 17; the output end of the second laser 18 is connected with the input end of the fourth electro-optical modulator 19, the third output end of the pulse signal source 1 is connected with the bias voltage input end of the fourth electro-optical modulator 19, the output end of the fourth electro-optical modulator 19 is connected with the input end of the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 20, the output end of the third erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 20 is connected with the polarization-preserving circulator 211, the polarization-preserving circulator 212 is connected with the input end of the third optical fiber polarizer 22, and the output end of the third optical fiber polarizer 22 is connected with the fast axis input end of the polarization beam splitting and combining device 14; the polarization-maintaining circulator 213 is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector 23, the output end of the photoelectric detector 23 is connected with the input end of the data acquisition module 24, and the synchronous output end of the data acquisition module 24 is connected with the synchronous input end of the pulse signal source 1.
The method for realizing sensing in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step A: the output optical signal of the first laser 2 is uniformly divided into two paths by the optical fiber beam splitter 3 and respectively enters the first electro-optical modulator 4 and the third electro-optical modulator 10, the microwave signal source 5 is regulated to enable the output microwave signal to be the Brillouin frequency shift of the sensing optical fiber 15, the first electro-optical modulator 4 is driven to generate a double-sideband signal and output the double-sideband signal to the filter 6, the passband of the filter 6 is regulated, the output high-frequency sideband signal enters the first erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 7 to be amplified and then enters the second electro-optical modulator 8, and the second electro-optical modulator 8 is driven by the pulse signal source 1 to output a pulse optical signal as a first pumping pulse signal; the third electro-optical modulator 10 generates a pulse optical signal as a second pumping pulse signal under the driving of the pulse signal source 1, and the frequencies of the first pumping pulse signal and the second pumping pulse signal are different by Brillouin frequency shift;
and (B) step (B): setting an optical switching period, wherein a first pumping pulse passes through a high-speed optical switch 9, is amplified by a second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 11, is input into a slow shaft end of a polarization beam splitting and combining device 14 through a polarization maintaining isolator 12 and a first optical fiber polarizer 13, is transmitted to a tail end in a sensing optical fiber 15, enters a second optical fiber polarizer 16, and is reflected back to the sensing optical fiber 15 through a polarization maintaining back reflector 17 for transmission; the second pumping pulse is amplified by the optical switch through the second erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier 11, then is input into the slow-axis input end of the polarization beam splitting and combining device 14 through the polarization maintaining isolator 12 and the first optical fiber polarizer 13, is transmitted in the sensing optical fiber 15 in opposite directions with the reflected first pumping pulse, and the driving time of the pulse signal source 1 for the second electro-optical modulator 8 is regulated, so that the first pumping pulse and the second pumping pulse meet at any position of the sensing optical fiber 15 to generate stimulated Brillouin scattering to form a Brillouin dynamic grating, and the length of the Brillouin scattering to form the dynamic grating is controlled by controlling the pulse width of the first pumping pulse signal and the second pumping pulse signal;
step C: the second laser 18 is a frequency-adjustable narrow linewidth laser, an output signal is sent to the fourth electro-optical modulator 19, the fourth electro-optical modulator 19 is driven by the pulse signal source 1, output detection pulse light is amplified by the third erbium-doped fiber amplifier 20 and then is input to the fast axis end of the polarization beam splitting and combining device 14 through the polarization maintaining ring device 21 and the third fiber polarizer 22, the time of entering the sensing fiber 15 can be adjusted through the pulse signal source 1, the rising edge of the detection pulse immediately follows the falling edge of the second pumping pulse, a signal reflected at the Brillouin dynamic grating enters the photoelectric detector 23 through the polarization beam splitting and combining device 14, the third fiber polarizer 22 and the polarization maintaining ring device 21 for photoelectric conversion, and the converted electric signal is sent to the data acquisition module 24 for conversion into a digital signal and storage;
step D: c, adjusting the frequency of a second laser 18, repeating the step C, reconstructing a Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum signal, and calculating the center frequency of the Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum, wherein the center frequency is used for sensing the temperature and the strain on the sensing optical fiber 15;
step E: according to the center frequency v of the Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum BDG Relationship with strain ε: v BDG ＝v BDG0 +C vε Epsilon, the measurement of the strain epsilon on the sensing optical fiber 15 is completed, and the central frequency v of the reflection spectrum of the Brillouin dynamic grating is used BDG Relationship with temperature T: v BDG ＝v BDG0 +C vT T, the measurement of the temperature T on the sensing fiber 15 is completed, wherein v BDG0 C is the center frequency of the reflection spectrum of the initial Brillouin dynamic grating vε Is the strain coefficient, C vT Is a temperature coefficient.
The Brillouin dynamic grating sensing device structure adopted by the embodiment belongs to single-ended detection, and under the condition that the sensing distance is not reduced, the sensing optical fiber is more flexible and efficient in wiring in actual engineering, and the practical range of the sensing system is further expanded.
The above embodiment is only used for further explaining a single-ended brillouin dynamic grating sensing method according to the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for single-ended detection of Brillouin dynamic grating sensing is characterized by comprising the following steps: which comprises the following steps:
step A: dividing an optical signal output by a laser into two paths of pulse optical signals which are respectively modulated into pumping pulse signals, wherein the frequencies of the two paths of pumping pulse signals are different by Brillouin frequency shift;
and (B) step (B): the two paths of pumping pulse signals enter the sensing optical fiber in a time-sharing way, one path of pumping pulse signals are reflected to return to the sensing optical fiber and are transmitted in opposite directions with the other path of pumping pulse signals to meet in the sensing optical fiber to generate stimulated Brillouin scattering so as to form a dynamic grating;
step C: modulating an optical signal output by another laser into detection pulse light, entering a sensing optical fiber, and performing signal conversion and acquisition on the detection pulse light reflected by the Brillouin dynamic grating;
step D: c is repeated after the frequency of the output signal of the other laser is regulated to reconstruct a Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum signal, and the center frequency of the Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum is calculated and used for sensing the temperature and the strain on the sensing optical fiber;
step E: according to the center frequency v of the Brillouin dynamic grating reflection spectrum BDG Relationship with strain ε:
v BDG ＝v BDG0 +C vε epsilon, the measurement of strain epsilon on the sensing optical fiber is completed, and the central frequency v of the reflection spectrum of the Brillouin dynamic grating is used BDG Relationship with temperature T: v BDG ＝v BDG0 +C vT T, completing measurement of temperature T on the sensing optical fiber, wherein v BDG0 C is the center frequency of the reflection spectrum of the initial Brillouin dynamic grating vε Is the strain coefficient, C νT Is a temperature coefficient.
2. The method for single-ended detection brillouin dynamic grating sensing according to claim 1, wherein: in the step B, the length of the dynamic grating formed by the Brillouin scattering is controlled by controlling the pulse width of the two paths of pumping pulse signals.
3. The method for single-ended detection brillouin dynamic grating sensing according to claim 1, wherein: and B, controlling the position of the dynamic grating formed by the Brillouin scattering by adjusting the time delay of the two paths of pumping pulse signals.
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